Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights: Recapitulated (original) (raw)
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Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, an Unequal Struggle
CIFILE Journal of International Law, 2020
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a kind of intelligence that was born in the 1950s and is an integral part of the digital revolution. Progress made by AI has permitted the birth of systems capable of rivalling human capacities or, in some cases, surpassing them. The progress of the intellectual capacities of AI will change the way of life for human beings and will revolutionise the world of employment. Intelligent systems present problems regarding individual rights and responsibilities, because as technology replaces more and more of what humans have typically done, our individual roles will become more blurred. The goal of this analysis is to measure the developments of AI in relation to its impact on society, in particular on human rights, fundamental liberties, and ethics. This is an unexplored topic within the vast field of AI upon which this paper will expound.
Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights
Journal of Democracy, 2019
In democratic societies, concern about the consequences of our growing reliance upon artificial intelligence (AI) is rising. The term AI, coined by John McCarthy in 1956, is elusive in its precise meaning but today broadly refers to machines that can go beyond their explicit programming by making choices in ways that mirror human reasoning. In other words, AI automates decisions that people used to make. 1 While AI promises many benefits, there are also risks associated with the swift advancement and adoption of the technology. Perhaps the darkest concerns relate to misuse of AI by authoritarian regimes. Even in free societies, however, and even when the intended application is for clearly good purposes, there is significant potential for unintended harms such as reduced privacy, lost accountability, and embedded bias. In digitally connected democracies, talk of what could go wrong with AI now touches on everything from massive job loss caused by automation to machines that make discriminatory hiring decisions, and even to threats posed by "killer robots." These concerns have darkened public attitudes and made this a key moment to either build or destroy public trust in AI. How did we get to this point? In the connected half of the world, the shift to the "data-driven" society has been quick and quiet-so quick and quiet that we have barely begun to come to grips with what our growing reliance on machine-made decisions in so many areas of life will mean for human agency, democratic accountability, and the enjoyment of human rights. Many governments have been formulating national AI strategies to keep from being left behind by the AI revolution, but few have been grap
Ai’s Impact on Human Rights: The Need for Legal Evolution
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This contribution explores the complex intersection between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and human rights, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that arise as AI becomes increasingly prevalent in society. Beginning with a reference to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948 and its legal ramifications, the paper delves into how AI emulates human intelligence, impacting people's lives and rights. The debate surrounding the need to adapt human rights protection laws to technological innovations is examined, with some authors advocating for legal changes, while others argue for an evolution of existing legislation. The literature review details various legal and ethical concerns related to AI, such as algorithmic transparency, discrimination, cybersecurity, privacy, and accountability. The contribution underscores the complex relationship between AI and human rights, identifying significant challenges that require careful analysis. This contribution seeks to contribute to the understanding of these evolving issues, emphasizing that the discussion is still in the exploratory stages in an increasingly technologydriven world intersecting with human rights.
AI and Human Rights: From Business and Policy Perspectives
International Journal of Business Marketing and Management (IJBMM), 2020
The Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a part of our daily lives. Its propensity to affect human rights is getting more severe gradually. Some consequences of interference of AI with human rights have already been experienced. However, with rapid advancement of AI-technology, these consequential adverse impacts due to intersection of AI and human rights are apprehended to grow in severity as well as in dimension. The well-developed standards of international human rights law are expected to provide effective congenial inputs to different countries to actualize executable remedial mechanisms to prevent and to mitigate this ominous situation. These inputs are expected to contribute the different countries to frame appropriate AI-centric regulation and policy with due consideration of the other country-specific challenges. Of course, it is not known how and in what form AI would influence the future of the society since, still this technology is in its initial stage. In this perspective, the purpose of this article is to provide some specific recommendations to build the tools in the form of regulation and policy-framing for protecting the people from the most dangerous applications of AI that might threaten human rights.
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BioLaw Journal, 2023
Artificial intelligence (AI) deeply and pervasively impacts our lives. In this short paper, I propose two lines of thoughts aimed at updating the catalog of human rights in light of the potential and risks of AI (mainly Machine Learning). The first considers the adaptation of certain traditional principles (informed consent and nondiscrimination) to the challenges posed by AI. The second covers four new rights, built upon the specific characteristics of AI systems, with the aim of effectively addressing AI pros and cons.
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Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize various aspects of our lives, but it also raises significant ethical concerns. This paper examines the impact of AI on selected human rights, such as the right to privacy and freedom from discrimination, and discusses the issues related to the codification and regulation of AI from global and regional perspectives. AI has the potential to enhance human capabilities and improve decisionmaking processes, but it also poses a threat to privacy, bias, and accountability. AI algorithms can perpetuate existing societal stereotypes and discrimination, leading to significant violations of human rights, including the right to equality and non-discrimination. Furthermore, the use of autonomous weapons and drones has raised significant ethical concerns related to human rights. These weapons can potentially cause harm to innocent civilians and violate the right to life. There are ongoing debates about the development and use of these technologies and the need for international regulations to ensure their ethical use. Additionally, with the increasing use of automation and AI in various industries, there are concerns that many jobs may become obsolete, leading to significant job loss, and violating the right to work and a dignified livelihood. The paper also highlights the need for future work in AI ethics, including the development of AI systems that are transparent, explainable, and fair. The paper concludes that while AI has the potential to significantly benefit society, its development and deployment must be guided by ethical principles to prevent its negative impact on human rights.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Rights Legislation: A Plea for an AI Convention
Palgrave MacMillan, 2023
This book explores the rapidly evolving landscape of artificial intelligence and its impact on human society. From our daily interactions with AI-powered technologies to the emergence of superintelligent machines, the book delves into the potential risks and benefits of this groundbreaking technology. Drawing on real-world examples of AI's pervasiveness in various aspects of our lives, the book highlights the urgent need to protect both human and machine rights. Through an in-depth analysis of two zones of conflict - machines violating human rights and humans violating "machine rights" - the author argues for establishing an “AI Convention“ to regulate the claim rights and duties of superintelligent machines. While some experts believe that superintelligent machines will solve all of humanity's problems, the book acknowledges the potential for disaster if such entities are not aligned with human moral values and norms. The AI Convention could be a crucial safeguard against the unforeseen consequences of unchecked technological advancements. The AI Convention is a thought-provoking and timely exploration of the complex ethical and legal considerations surrounding artificial intelligence. It provides a roadmap for policymakers, technologists, and concerned citizens to navigate the challenges and opportunities of the age of advanced intelligence.
When people talk about the relationship between human rights and artificial intelligence (AI), the most commonly asked question nowadays is how AI affects human rights. In fact, there is a specific group of human rights that is continuously pointed to as the most exposed to these effects and their protection in the governance and regulation of artificial intelligence is considered a priority issue. This is the case of privacy and data protection, freedom of expression and access to information, equality and nondiscrimination. That these human rights and not others are constantly in the spotlight seems normal if it is understood that artificial intelligence needs data for its design, development and deployment. In essence, data are the raw material that feeds the algorithms which any AI needs to operate. That is why knowing how these data are obtained (with or without authorisation), how they are stored and how they are used, what part is used or excluded, which data are not collected, how they are spread or shared, etc., are very important aspects. At the end of the day, data are important information about our lives and activities.
The Future Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Humans and Human Rights
Ethics & International Affairs
What are the implications of artificial intelligence (AI) on human rights in the next three decades? Precise answers to this question are made difficult by the rapid rate of innovation in AI research and by the effects of human practices on the adaption of new technologies. Precise answers are also challenged by imprecise usages of the term “AI.” There are several types of research that all fall under this general term. We begin by clarifying what we mean by AI. Most of our attention is then focused on the implications of artificial general intelligence (AGI), which entail that an algorithm or group of algorithms will achieve something like superintelligence. While acknowledging that the feasibility of superintelligence is contested, we consider the moral and ethical implications of such a potential development. What do machines owe humans and what do humans owe superintelligent machines?
Publisher House WSGE Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy ul. Sienkiewicza 4 05-410 Józefów eBooks, 2021
This paper analyzes the dangers faced by man and modern society in the light of the development of artificial intelligence and robotics in the fourth industrial revolution. The author examines the areas of human rights that are threatened by these advances in science and technology in case they are not properly monitored and regulated through legal advances. The historical and regional aspects of legislative regulation of the use of artificial intelligence units and robotics are investigated. Prospects of collision of artificial intelligence units with interests of the person and mankind, and also possible legal mechanisms of the resolution of the conflicts arising between them are analyzed. Using the methodology of comparative law, integration law, international law, analysis and synthesis, the author considers the latest documents of the European Union, EU member States, the United States, Russia, China, South Korea and other most representative countries of the world aimed at effective legal regulation of this promising area of development of modern law. The paper provides an analysis of the main trends in the evolution of modern law of science and technology that affect the life and realization of human and civil rights at the national, supranational and international level and the peculiarities of their legal regulation. The research is carried out on the interdisciplinary combination of elements of comparative law, integration, international and national law with reference to philosophy, sociology, history and