Anxiety and Depression : Comparative Study etween Working and Non-Working Mothers By Dr (original) (raw)
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Level of Anxiety, Depression and Stress among Working and Non-Working Women
The term woman is usually reserved for an adult, with the term girl being the usual term for a female child or adolescent. The Role of women in the society is constantly questioned and for centuries women have struggled to find their place in a world that is predominantly male-oriented. The main objective of the present study was to assess the level of anxiety, depression and stress among working and non-working women. It was hypothesized that there will be a significant difference between working and non-working women with reference to anxiety, depression and stress. The researcher has adopted quantitative descriptive research to gain the objectives of the present study. For the present research work researcher has selected 60 working and 60 non-working women age range between 30 to 40 years with the help of random sampling techniques. Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale was used, it was developed by Bhatnagar, P. et al. (2011). Data were analyzed by using means, standard deviation and F tests. It was revealed that working women have shown greater symptoms of .anxiety, stress and depression in lower socioeconomic status as compared to nonworking women whereas, no significant difference was reported among women with high socioeconomic status with reference to working and non-working conditions.
International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 2021
Background:-Stress, depression and anxiety is a part of modern life, with increasing complexity of life and causes mental health issues. The present study is aimed at exploring level of stress, depression and anxiety. Women in modern global world have to play a dual role as housewife and career builder. Methodology:-The primary data was collected from women in Ramamurthy nagar, Bangalore Karnataka. A comparative study design was used for this study. The sample of the study consisted of 120 working and non-working women. Working women n=60, Non-working women n=60. Between the age group of 25 to 45 , Have been selected for this study purpose. DASS 21 Scale was used to collect data. Results:-The results of this study showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the level of anxiety, stress and depression among working and non-working women. Discussion: No statistically significant difference in these populations may be due to the fact that working married woman feels depression in her married life because of her over burden of office work whereas non-working married women may also face depression because of any family member's misbehavior or tension at home. Conclusion:-The level of stress ,depression and anxiety in working and non-working women between the age group of 25-45 is almost similar on both the group of people
Comparison of Depression and Anxiety between Housewife and Employed Pregnant Women
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING
This study aimed to compare depression and anxiety during prenatal period between housewife and employed women, and to assess the relationship between depression and anxiety during pregnancy. Descriptive correlational cross sectional research design was used. A convenient sample of 324 pregnant women was recruited for the current study. Data was collected using a questionnaire survey that consisted of 3 parts: First part was socio-demographic data sheet developed by the researchers. Second part was Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI) which was used to assess the levels of depression as perceived by the pregnant women; third part of the questionnaire survey was Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) which was utilized to assess the levels of anxiety among the study by the pregnant women. Results revealed a statistically significant difference between the mean total depression and anxiety score of housewife and employed pregnant women were employed women reported higher levels of depression and anxiety, additionally, a statistically significant positive relationship between total depression score and total anxiety score for the whole sample was confirmed. There is a need to effectively implement the three levels of prevention to reduce the expected negative consequences of depression and anxiety on the pregnant women and subsequently her newborn and her family in general.
Journal of Psychiatry, 2015
Background: Anxiety is one of important disorders of mental health in children and adolescents which is influenced by various endogenous and environmental factors. The aim of this study was a comparative survey of anxiety level in primary school children with working and unemployed mothers in Gorgan in 2013. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, 745 male and female primary school students in public and private schools in Gorgan were selected using a combination sampling (stratification and clustering). For data collection were used Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) included 38 questions. The collecting data were analyzed using SPSS-21 statistical software and chi-square and t tests. P values of less than 0.05 were considered as the significance level. Results: The results showed that the average age of students were 9.4 ± 1.65 and in the 38.4% of them were males and 61/6% were female 61/9% of the students had working mothers and 38.1% of their mothers were unemployed. Spence Children's Anxiety Scale total score for the studied sample was 22.74 ± 12.72. A significant difference was observed between two groups of the students with working and unemployed mothers and between two sexes (P<0.05). The separation anxiety and fear of physical harm was the most common disorders and the fear of open spaces also had the lowest prevalence. The prevalence of anxiety disorders in children with unemployed mothers with lower education levels, in female, in families with fewer children and public school students was more. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of anxiety disorders in students whose mothers are unemployed and among the girls was more. Therefore, it's necessary to pay more attention to the mental health of the mothers and students with considering of their important role in family and society.
The most emotional problem faced by us is not that of controlling confronted with the more violent emotions of rage or fear but rather that of dealing with the more subtle emotions of Anxiety. Anxiety is a vague, persistent and pervasive emotion. In its stronger and more neurotic form it may even be characterized by a feeling of disorientation, inadequacy or helplessness as to the individuals capacity to cope with himself, with others, with life in general or with some more specific situations. Freud (1936) may be regarded as the pioneer in the scientific tradition to see the fundamental significance of problem of Anxiety, though several thinkers prior to him visualized the critical
The Professional Medical Journal, 2021
Objective: We aimed to find out the differences in degree of depression and anxiety experienced by working mother who leave their children at daycare as compared to those who leave them at home. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Lahore General Hospital Lahore. Period: October, 2019 to March, 2020. Material & Methods: Through random sampling, 100 working mothers participated by filling a structured questionnaire after informed consent. It consisted of 50 women leaving their children at home and 50 women preferring day care centers while being on work. SPSS was used for analyzing the data. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and CES-D was used to calculate anxiety and depression levels respectively. Results: Mild to moderate depression and possibility of major depressive disorder along with moderate and severe anxiety is seen more in women leaving children at day care. Low and middle age, leaving kids at hand of maids, grandparents or day care or less educated family ...
Motherhood, Employment and the Development of Depression
British Journal of Psychiatry, 1990
A prospective inquiry of a largely working-class sample of women with children considers the effect of employment on risk of developing clinical depression. The hypothesis was that there would be a direct protective effect arising from employment once quality of other support was taken into account. In fact full-time working mothers were at high risk. This appeared to be explained by either prior work strain or a severe event involving ‘deviant’ behaviour on the part of husband/boyfriend or child. Neither factor was relevant for part-time workers. The severe events appeared to be particularly depressogenic for full-time workers because they represented either failure in the motherhood role or a sense of entrapment in an unrewarding work/domestic situation. However, those in part-time work had a low rate of onset compared with non-workers, and the difference appears to be related to non-working women feeling less secure about their marriages.
Working Status and Anxiety Levels of Urban Educated Women in Calcutta
International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 1993
The primary objective of the present study was to assess the impact of out-of-home employment on anxiety levels of mothers. A study group of working mothers resident in Calcutta (India) was compared with a socioeconomically similar group of non-working mothers with respect to their anxiety level, measured by the Anxiety Scale Questionnaire, in terms of the total anxiety score and its various personality components. The possible relationships between anxiety score and age of these mothers as well as their children were studied. Non-working mothers showed higher anxiety levels than their working counterparts with respect to the total anxiety score as well as its components, although the differences were statistically non-significant. The anxiety scores of non-working mothers showed increasing values with increasing age of children. This trend was absent among the working mothers. The age of these mothers was not related to their anxiety level.
2019
Pregnancy and postpartum are adaptation processes leading to physical and psychological changes. Pregnant and postpartum women are at risk of suffering psychological disorders, namely maternal depressive symptoms, a situation that is able to reduce the quality of life. Working mothers usually have double burdens, and those who suffer the symptoms in this situation would suffer worse impacts. This research is intended to know maternal depressive symptoms and factors leading to it for working mothers during their pregnancy and postpartum. The study employs a cross-sectional design. The population of the research is 97 working mothers who entrust their 1-12 months old babies in daycares in Bukittinggi. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is employed to measure maternal depressive symptoms, and the statistical test in use to see factors of age, parity, education, and income towards maternal depressive symptoms is chi-square. The research finds that most of the respondents do not...