The Lexical Syntax of Verbs: The Case of Lamnso' (original) (raw)
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Lexicalization of light verb structures and the semantics of nouns
Catalan journal of linguistics, 2004
In this study I shall focus on two Romance idiomatic patterns and the semantics of nouns. It is shown that idioms, in addition to having distinct basic argument structure representations, are formed in syntax by various instantiations of Merge. It is argued that there is a lexicalization pattern reflecting semantic conflation between cause and degree. This pattern, in syntactic terms, is the output of subsequent Merge operations (Chomsky 1995) between the object noun of a monadic argument structure, an indefinite quantifier and an adjunct phrase. The study of this lexicalization pattern is of interest with regard to the semantics of bare nouns, especially of bare count singular nouns in object position; it is proved that bare nouns are interpreted as properties, and, because of this, they permit quantification over degrees. By contrast, there is a second lexicalization pattern starting from a composite argument structure which licenses an individual or a kind denoting reading for the DP object.
2015
verbs and their relationship to transitive ones, and also considers the active-inactive type of argument linking (3.4). Section 4 deals with further argument linking types for transitive verbs: the inverse type (4.1), the salience or voice type (4.2), the positional type (4.3), and the generalized case type (4.4), the latter comprising accusative, ergative and split systems, and the possibility of dative. Section 5 considers ways of marking special semantic classes of verbs lexically. Section 6 discusses how a third argument is integrated, and thus extends the typology of section 4. It deals with the semantic decomposition of ditransitive verbs (6.1) and general principles of constraining it (6.2), considers serial verb constructions and noun incorporation as argument-reducing operations (6.3), turns to constructions where the recipient is treated like the object of a transitive verb (6.4) or differently from the object of a transitive verb (6.5), and closes with a new look on the E...
Verbs Morphological Syntactic and Semantic Properties by Tomas A Mateus
Verbs - Morphological, Syntactic, and Semantic Properties, 2022
Verbs have their morphology (i.e., their structure in terms of inflection and derivation), syntax (i.e., their arrangement or position in a phrase, clause, or sentence) and semantics (i.e., their meaning in phrase, clause, or sentence). We could see that a great number of learners tend to make mistakes in the use of verbs in a sentence. Some learners fail to know whether a verb is transitive or intransitive (or rather what comes after a verb). Others tend to ignore their meanings (or rather, they fail to know whether a verb denotes an action/process or denotes states). A few of them commit mistakes in terms of inflected forms. As a consequence, we can see that a great number of learners tend to have problems when it comes to speaking and writing English language. In this regard, we propose extensive reading to expand vocabulary and language exposure.
Verb Projection Raising, Scope, and the Typology of Rules Affecting Verbs
1986
This article examines a particular type of clause union: Verb Projection Raising. Verb Projection Raising is a variant of the better-known Verb Raising construction of German and Dutch and occurs in several varieties of Belgian Dutch (Flemish) and Swiss German. Among the former we concentrate on West-Flemish (WF), among the latter on the dialect of the Zurich area, Züritüütsch (ZT). Verb Projection Raising sheds light on three important and partly related theoretical issues: the treatment of reanalysis, the grammar of scope, and the typology of rules that affect verbs. After considering the analytical aspects of the Verb Projection Raising construction in some detail, we argue that (unlike some of the altenatives) the multiple representation approach successfully accounts for its main properties. We then show how certain unexpected scope facts can be accounted for within this approach by adopting a modified version of Haïk's (1984) nonmovement analysis of scope relations. Finally, we argue that the fact that Verb (Projection) Raising changes scope relations suggests a revision of the typology of rules affecting verbs proposed in Koopman (1984). More specifically, we argue that verb-second type rules should be taken not as part of the system of A-dependencies but as part of the system of A-dependencies. This revision in turn leads us to generalize the Case Filter to a principle that applies not only to case-receiving categories but also to case-assigning categories. Verb Raising is a type of clause union that affects the verb of a nonfinite complement clause to the left of certain matrix verbs (German and Dutch being SOV). In essence, the verbs form a cluster; furthermore, the embedded verb usually ends up to the right of the matrix verb in Dutch, though generally not in German. Illustrations are given in (1) (German) and (2) (Dutch): 1 (1) … dass er das Problem zu begreifen versucht that he the problem to understand tries 'that he tries to understand the problem' 1 The present article grew out of a talk we presented at the 1984 GLOW conference in Copenhagen. We would like to thank Hans den Besten, Riny Huybregts, Eric Reuland, and Anna Szabolcsi for useful comments and discussions. We are also grateful to two anonymous LI referees. The usual disclaimers apply. Here and below, illustrations will often be given as embedded clauses only in order to avoid the distorting effect of the Verb Second rule, which moves the finite verb into second position in root clauses. Liliane Haegeman & Henk van Riemsdijk, 'Verb Projection Raising, Scope, and the Typology of Rules Affecting Verbs' 6) Note that the formulation in (15) does not have the one-to-one implication usually associated with the θ-Criterion, in its informal formulation: (i) Each argument is assigned one and only one θ-role. (ii) Each θ-role is assigned to one and only one argument.
California Linguistic Notes Volume XXXV No. 2 Spring, 2010
Chomsky (1986b) employs a feature value approach in the specification of universal lexical categories ([+V, +N]). The verbal category is identified by [+V,-N] feature combination while the noun is specified by the features; [+N,-V]. The verb is a universal category with categorical features that are in direct opposition to the categorical features of the noun. The verb is therefore understood to be exclusively verbal; void of any nominal traits just as the noun is unambiguously nominal without any verbal traits. Interestingly, evidence from our data show that the feature specification of the Edo verb does not conform to Chomsky's universal categorical distinction. We show in this paper that the Edo verb is a complex component consisting of a combination of lexical units with categorial and semantic features that complement each other to represent a single semantic verbal element. These lexical units sometimes introduce features that contrast with the standard specification of verbal features, yet
Dynamic Shift in the Verb Semantics: A Case of Some Four-Letter Verbs
Studia Neophilologica, 2015
The traditional English verb classifi cation based upon their grammatical meaning is a certain matrix according to which new units are grouped. The present investigation is aimed at integral describing the verbs of the ‘give’ type in the model “to give a smile”. The analysis of its constituents does not give any new information, however, its analysis as an integral unit in the sentence and discourse can reveal it as a structural-semantic unity, wherein a redistribution of the lexical meaning takes place. Since Otto Jespersen defi ned them as “light verbs" they have been in the focus of research of grammarians, semanticists, discourse experts, and cognitologists. In the framework of our research the referred verbs in the given model are presented as the result of grammaticalization and lexicalization — major factors of the English language development.