Ecological and tourist potential of central Belgrade (original) (raw)
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2nd International Conference on Urban Planning - ICUP2018, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture of the University of Niš., 2018
The consequences of climate change have already affected European urban areas, as numerous researches show that intense urbanization leads to degradation of natural habitats and reduction of biodiversity. Scientific findings on ecology and climatology, as well as global and national policies requires a shift of the planning process towards the development of urban adaptable ecosystems. In this article, we look at possibilities to apply green infrastructure as urban planning approach that provides polyvalent space for ecosystem services and human well-being. Focus of the research presented in this article are Block 45 and 70 in New Belgrade and Savamala neighborhood in the old city center. Even though they are characterized by different ecological, urban, morphological and social characteristics, they share direct contact with Sava River. Therefore, the adaptive potential of these spatial segments will be the subject of the analysis presented in this article, and the emphasis will be on applying biophilic design within the integrated network of green infrastructure.
Organized Provision of Greenery in Belgrade in Order to Upgrade the Quality of Life Within the City
The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry", 2016
This work is the outcome of the long-time experience in urban planning and architecture of Belgrade and consequently accomplished researches concerning the beginnings and development of the organized provision of Belgrade's greenery. Urban planning in Europe takes a new course in the 19 th century, conditioned with the sudden transformations in the economic and social structures of cities, impelling accelerated development of industries and transportation. Characteristics of urban planning of that time are reconstructions of the old city entities (reconstructions of the existent cities) and their sprawl (planning of the new cities), permanently marked the architecture of Serbia of that period. Induced by the abrupt and uncontrolled urbanization, the second half of the 19 th century was characterized by the increased perception concerning the importance of environmental preservation and increased need to develop city greenery, parks, sports and children playgrounds, also of the development of forest parks and weekend getaways. Besides, induced with the modern planning from the end of the 19 th century, urban legislation-subject matter of the research-has been developing and improving ever since. In that sense, along the lines of this Work, the attention was directed not only towards the changes taking place in the design of the space by interaction of natural and human factors-significant for understanding of human communities and organization of social life in general-but towards the lives of the pioneers of this profession, public activists and 'hygienists', as Maksimović (1974) called themtowards their tireless missionary work and persistence in their struggle for the revival of the old and in building of the new, healthier cities-Emilijan Josimović (Stara Moldava, 1823-Soko Banja, 1897), first Serbian urban planner and Aleksandar Krstić (Kragujevac, 1902-Beograd, 1980), horticulture engineer and the first Serbian garden designer. The first worked in the second half of the 19 th century, and the second between the two world wars and after the Second World War. Time limit of the research period is between the years 1867 and 1941.
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
Background: The urban green space with specific functions (economic, social, ecological, recreational tourist, etc.) stands as one the most representative indicators of attractiveness and quality. The main aim of the study is to inventory and analyze the green areas with reference to their number, total area, area per inhabitant and their endowment for physical and tourist activities. Material and methods: The data necessary to carry out the study were obtained from the website of the National Institute of Statistics of Romania, the Register of Green Spaces of Oradea Municipality and the Oradea Green City Program as well as from field research. Their processing was performed using Excel and ArcGis 10.6. programs. Results: The results highlighted the existing situation at the level of Oradea Municipality regarding the green spaces that are suitable for carrying out physical and tourist activities. Conclusions: In conclusion, although the analyzed area is in full process of economic d...
GREEN SPACES AND URBAN TOURISM DEVELOPMENTIN CRAIOVA MUNICIPALITY IN ROMANIA
As component of any urban system many green spaces such as parks, botanical or zoological gardens, and urban forests have a role of protection and improvement of the environmental quality standards in the cities, and are attraction poles for the inhabitants as well as for all the types of tourism (leisure, cultural, business tourism, congress and meetings tourism or mix tourism forms). However in Romania, the tourist function of green spaces is not yet considered as building the city image. After setting the framework of urban tourism and destination marketing, and the insertion of the green spaces within the urban tissue, we discuss the principles that make a place attractive for tourists. Taking the example of the town of Craiova we try to identify the green spaces that may appeal to tourists, the required characteristics for a green space to become a touristic place and how to further develop the tourist function without hindering the other functions. The case of two parks we consider remarkable and attractive from the touristic point of view is analysed from this point of view.
Building the Green Infrastructure of Belgrade: The Importance of Community Greening
Due to its important role in increasing human well-being and providing space for ecosystem services, green infrastructure has gradually become an integral part of urban development strategies. Focusing on the activities of community greening, the article considers this approach toward the application of urban green infrastructure as a part of a broader strategy related to the resilience of cities. The neighborhood/district level will be emphasized and the analysis will be conducted in two areas of the Serbian capital Belgrade—Block 45 in New Belgrade and the Savamala neighborhood in the historical city core. Representing two different epochs of Belgrade's development, they are characterized by different typologies, while the characteristics of community greening also differ in several aspects, including purpose, model of organization, and involved stakeholders/participants. The green space of the identified typical morphological units has been cultivated and maintained in two different ways—institutional (provided by the public company) and non-institutional (community greening)—and their impact on the quality of the local GI will be compared. The analysis intends to provide data on the level of biodiversity, multi-functionality, and maintenance of green spaces which will show the effect of both applied approaches. Particular attention will be given to the tensions and challenges of the local context: the adoption of plans and regulations that are in accordance with contemporary trends, as well as the drawbacks in their implementation. Furthermore, the possibilities of community greening will be elaborated, as future steps for achieving the formal green infrastructure (hereinafter GI) standards at the neighborhood/district scale.
The Management of Green Areas in the Urban Environment
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In the simple meaning of green areas nature is expected to carry out many functions in an urban context, which are useful to explain the descriptive characters needed for the analysis and comprehension of specific phenomena. Besides being a significant component of the urban scene, vegetation is also one of the most appreciated: generally speaking, vegetation is synonymous with quality. The structural pattern of green areas, which apparently occupies uneven spaces among buildings, regulates in fact the planning order of the fabric of the city, as an organic system, in which its matrix organises and shows the social mechanisms of the city itself. Starting from a general scheme, the research has to discover the criteria which determined the structure of the environmental and “naturalistic” scene of a specific site, considering the various elements which can illustrate the cognitive context of the territory itself. The comprehension of the site characteristics and the trends of certain...
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At the turn of the 20th century there was a striving in Europe to establish a balance between the constructed city fabric and green space. Parks and squares with greenery became just as important as showcase buildings and entities within the city center. This paper investigate Belgrade’s green areas, taking a concise look at their transformation in the historical context: changes in the city center during the 19th century and concern for health and hygiene in the first half of the 20th century. The paper presents the production of green spaces in Belgrade’s city center through the metamorphosis of devastated and abandoned public and private spaces, and through the creation of new green areas. The manuscript is examining the relationship between culture and nature in Belgrade within the context of its urban history, and its place values, changed by the new capitalist production of space.