Causes of anaemia other than acute blood loss and their clinical significance in dogs (original) (raw)
Related papers
Clinical and Hemato-biochemical Studies on Canine Anemia
Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2021
The study was performed to assess the common etiopathologies, clinical and haematobiochemical alterations in anemic dogs that were admitted to the teaching veterinary hospital at faculty of veterinary medicine, Cairo University and private clinics in Cairo and Giza governorates, Egypt. A total number (71 dogs) was included in the present study. This number comprises 16 apparently healthy dogs and 55 anemic cases. Historical data, clinical and hematobiochemical investigations were applied on all animals for detection of the definitive common causes of anemia. Results revealed four main definitive causes of anemia included parvoviral infection (sub-group 1): 20 cases (36% of diseased cases), ectoparasitic infestation (sub-group 2): 18 cases (32%), malnutrition (sub-group 3): 7 cases (12%) and hepatic or renal diseases (sub-group 4): 10 cases (18%). The most recorded clinical manifestations in diseased dogs were pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, tachypnea and low performance. Haematological parameters included haemoglobin (Hb), total erythrocytic count (TEC) and haematocrit (HCT) revealed significant (P≤0.001) decrease in all diseased subgroups compared with apparently healthy group. Serum biochemical parameters showed significant increase in alanine amino transferase (ALT) level in subgroups 1and 4 (P≤0.001), subgroup 2 (P≤0.01), and subgroup 3 (P≤0.05). Aspartate amino transferase (AST) level showed significant increase in subgroup 4 (P≤0.001), subgroup 1 (P≤0.01) and subgroup 3 (P≤0.05). Significant decrease among glucose level was recorded in subgroup 1 (P≤0.001) and subgroups 3 and 4 (P≤0.01). Iron level showed significant decrease in subgroup 1(P≤0.001), subgroup 3 (P≤0.01) and subgroup 4 (P≤0.05). Copper level decreased significantly in subgroups 1 and 3 (P≤0.01). Total protein decreased significantly in subgroups 1and 3(P≤0.001), subgroup 4 (P≤0.01) and subgroup 2 (P≤0.05). All results were in comparison with apparently healthy group records. Etiopathological identification of canine anemia in the light of hematobiochemical status is helpful for further investigations and therapeutic protocol decisions.
Haematological diagnosis of anemia in dogs and cats
”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iași, 2017
Anemia is part of the erythrocytic system pathology and is characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin and in number of red blood cells in circulating blood, which is a common disorder both in animals and in humans. This study proposes to identify types of anemia according to morphological and etiopathogenetic criteria in 26 patients. The diagnosis of anemia in dogs and cats was based on anamnestic data, clinical and paraclinical examinations. By quantitative haematological determinations and blood smear examination, there were identified 13 cases of normocytic normochromic anemias, 4 of macrocytic hyperchromic anemias and 9 of microcytic hypochromic anemias. Depending on the number of immature erythrocytes circulating in the blood, were identified 7 cases of hyperregenerative anemias, 6 hyporegenerative, 10 generative and one normoregenerative anemias, 2 of these cases remaining unclassified. Regarding the etiopathogenesis of anemias, were identified 11 cases of parasitic hemolytic anemias, 4 cases of autoimmune hemolytic anemias, one case of infectious hemolytic anemia, 2 cases of posthemorrhagic anemias and 8 hemolytic anemia associated with unknown causes. The results obtained indicate 92.3% of peripheral hemolytic anemias and 7.7% of anemias caused by excessive red blood cell loss.
Haematological Changes in Dogs Affected With Immune Mediated Haemolytic Anaemia - Research Article
International Journal of Livestock Research
Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is the most common immune-mediated diseases associated with production of anti-red blood cell (RBC) antibodies in dogs. It causes severe anemia, morbidity and mortality in dogs. The present study records the haematological changes in dogs affected with IMHA. Anaemic dogs presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex Kokkale, Thrissur were diagnosed with IMHA by performing saline agglutination test and direct Coombs' test. Twenty five dogs positive for IMHA were studied for haematological changes on day of presentation. These dogs were characterized by macrocytic hyperchromic, regenerative type of anaemia with anisocytosis, thromobocytopenia, Leucocytosis, lymphocytosis, monocytosis and granulocytosis. The results indicate that dogs affected with IMHA have significant changes in haematological parameters.
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2015
Background: Outcome prediction in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is challenging and few prognostic indicators have been consistently identified. Objectives: An online case registry was initiated to: prospectively survey canine IMHA presentation and management in the British Isles; evaluate 2 previously reported illness severity scores, Canine Hemolytic Anemia Score (CHAOS) and Tokyo and to identify independent prognostic markers. Animals: Data from 276 dogs with primary IMHA across 10 referral centers were collected between 2008 and 2012. Methods: Outcome prediction by previously reported illness-severity scores was tested using univariate logistic regression. Independent predictors of death in hospital or by 30-days after admission were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Purebreds represented 89.1% dogs (n = 246). Immunosuppressive medications were administered to 88.4% dogs (n = 244), 76.1% (n = 210) received antithrombotics and 74.3% (n = 205) received packed red blood cells. Seventy-four per cent of dogs (n = 205) were discharged from hospital and 67.7% (n = 187) were alive 30-days after admission. Two dogs were lost to follow-up at 30-days. In univariate analyses CHAOS was associated with death in hospital and death within 30days. Tokyo score was not associated with either outcome measure. A model containing SIRS-classification, ASA classification, ALT, bilirubin, urea and creatinine predicting outcome at discharge was accurate in 82% of cases. ASA classification, bilirubin, urea and creatinine were independently associated with death in hospital or by 30-days. Conclusions and clinical importance: Markers of kidney function, bilirubin concentration and ASA classification are independently associated with outcome in dogs with IMHA. Validation of this score in an unrelated population is now warranted.
Veterinary Quarterly, 2003
An investigation was conducted at the Ahmadu Bello University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (ABUVTH) between January, 1990 and September, 2003 to determine the aetiology and prevalence of canine anaemia in Zaria, Nigeria. Out of the 5278 mongrel dogs presented during the period 1990-2003, 2139 (40.5%) were found to be anaemic, with packed cell volume (PCV) values ranging from 7 to 36%. The clinical signs presented by these dogs include: Pale mucous membranes, weakness, depression, anorexia/inapettence and reduced activity. About 50 dogs (about 1%) with helminths and haemoparasitic infestations had high PCV values (37-40%) without clinical presentation of anaemia or disease. Most of the dogs with anaemia (n=2016 or 94.2%) had parasitic infestations. About 1580 (about 74%) of the anaemic cases, attributed to parasitic infestations occurred between May and October. A few dogs (n=55, 2.6%) had anaemia due to poor nutrition, while 68 (3.2%) had anaemia with unknown cause. The public health significance of the parasites reported in this study is discussed.
Clinical features of precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia in dogs: 66 cases (2004–2013)
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2019
OBJECTIVE To characterize the clinical features of dogs with precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA). ANIMALS 66 dogs with PIMA. PROCEDURES Electronic record databases of a teaching hospital were searched to identify dogs with a diagnosis of nonregenerative anemia between 2004 and 2013. Inclusion criteria included persistent nonregenerative anemia (Hct ≤ 30% and reticulocyte count < 76,000 reticulocytes/μL), cytologic findings supportive of ineffective bone marrow erythropoiesis, and absence of underlying disease. Information regarding clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, treatment, and outcome was extracted from records of eligible dogs. A regenerative response was defined as a reticulocyte count > 76,000 reticulocytes/μL or sustained increase in Hct of > 5%. Remission was defined as a stable Hct ≥ 35%. RESULTS The median Hct was 13%, and reticulocyte count was 17,900 reticulocytes/μL. Rubriphagocytosis was identified in bone marrow aspirate samples from 61...
Leukocyte Ratios and Prognosis in Dogs with Primary Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: A Pilot Study
2022
Canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a life-threatening condition that is commonly associated with neutrophilia and monocytosis. Leukocyte ratios have been found to have prognostic value in humans and animals affected by a range of inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic disorders. We hypothesized that in primary IMHA, neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), neutrophil to monocyte (NMR), band neutrophil to segmented neutrophil (BNR) and monocyte to lymphocyte (MLR) ratios would be higher in dogs that did not survive to discharge. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with IMHA at two veterinary teaching hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-three of the 72 included dogs do not survive to discharge. NLR, NMR, BNR and MLR ratios were compared between dogs that survived to discharge and dogs that died or were euthanized. None of the ratios were significantly different between survivors and non-survivors (P = 0.14-0.99). Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)...
ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis of immune‐mediated hemolytic anemia in dogs and cats
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Consensus Statements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) provide the veterinary community with up-to-date information on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of clinically important animal diseases. The ACVIM Board of Regents oversees selection of relevant topics, identification of panel members with the expertise to draft the statements, and other aspects of assuring the integrity of the process. The statements are derived from evidence-based medicine whenever possible and the panel offers interpretive comments when such evidence is inadequate or contradictory. A draft is prepared by the panel, followed by solicitation of input by the ACVIM membership which may be incorporated into the statement. It is then submitted to the Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, where it is edited prior to publication. The authors are solely responsible for the content of the statements.
Studies on Canine Anaemia due to Leptospirosis
Approaches in Poultry, Dairy & Veterinary Sciences
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic re-emerging disease in both dogs and humans and is probably the most widespread zoonotic disease in the world. The most common clinical signs of canine leptospirosis result from damage to the kidneys, liver and lungs, and coagulation abnormalities. Due to introduction of exotic breeds in India, the incidence of severe anaemia has increased resulting in sudden death. Leptospirosis in dogs is an important cause of anaemia. Present study was conducted to evaluate canine anemia due to leptospirosis and to characterize haematological and biochemical abnormalities in canine leptospirosis. A total of 15 dogs infected with canine leptospirosis presented in Small Animal Clinics of GADVASU, Ludhiana, were diagnosed by dot-ELISA kit in a period of one year. The commonly observed clinical signs in affected dogs were lethargy, inappitance, vomition and polyuria. The common hematological abnormalities included non-regenerative anemia, neutrophillic leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. All the five dogs were azotemic, as concentrations of BUN and creatinine were elevated, suggesting infective renal failure in canine leptospirosis.