Four Core Concepts in Psychiatric Diagnosis (original) (raw)
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Actas espanolas de psiquiatria, 2013
The epistemological underpinnings of psychiatric theory and practice have always been unstable. This reflects the essential contradiction existing between the task (the description and individuation of speech and behavior as psychopathological symptoms) and tools (semiotics). As a result of this contradiction, the history of psychiatry is one of permanent crisis in which there are moments of temporary stability as approaches that aim at organizing this mismatch between tasks and tools gain prevalence. However, these approaches can only offer a false sense of unity, consistency and progress. In this sense, a narrow perspective on a particular period may lead us to believe that psychiatry is just another medical specialty with its own specific theoretical framework like others. However, any such perspective overlooks the coexistence of different schools, disagreements, contradictions, global alternatives, etc. For a certain period of time, phenomenology was assumed to be as the soluti...
Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and Neuro Sciences, 2023
Phenomenology is a philosophical movement that emerged at the beginning of the 20th century with Edmund Husserl. It had its theoretical roots in the philosophy that preceded it, and after Husserl it developed and spread into various fi elds of knowledge. Husserl's pure phenomenology made possible the development of other subsequent phenomenologies that have contributed greatly to theorizing in psychiatry. Existential phenomenology, embodied phenomenology, neurophenomenology, critical phenomenology and psychopathological phenomenology are examples of the phenomenologies that have contributed most to psychiatry. These have both similarities and diff erences with early Husserlian phenomenology. Moreover, despite the fact that they are directly derived from the same philosophical school, they may even be incompatible with each other. This article explores the diff erent types of phenomenology, noting their points of convergence and divergence.
Revisioning Psychiatry Integrating Biological, Clinical and Cultural Perspectives, 2015
What do psychiatrists encounter when they encounter psychopathological experience in their patients? How should we interpret such experiences? In this chapter, we contrast a checklist approach to diagnosis, which is standard today and which treats psychiatric symptoms and signs (i.e., "the psychiatric object") as readily operationalizable object-like entities, with a nonstandard phenomenological approach that emphasizes the importance of a specific kind of interpretive interview.
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2022
In this paper, we present how a dialectical perspective on phenomenological psychopathology, called Dialectical Phenomenology (DPh), can contribute to current needs of psychiatric diagnosis. We propose a three-stage diagnostic methodology: first- and second-person stages, and synthetic hermeneutics stage. The first two stages are divided into a pre-dialectical and a dialectical phase. The diagnostic process progresses in a trajectory of increasing complexity, in which knowledge obtained at one level is dialectically absorbed and intertwined into the next levels. Throughout the article, we offer some examples of each step. In overall, the method starts off from the patient's own narrative, proceeds to two stages of phenomenological reduction designed to guarantee the scientific validity of the object, and concludes with a hermeneutical narrative synthesis that is dialectically composed of the patient's and psychopathologist's shared narratives. At the end of this process, the initial first-person narrative is transformed into a specific scientific object, a full dialectical phenomenological psychiatric diagnosis. This form of diagnosis constitutes a comprehensive alternative for an integral assessment of the complexities of human psychological alteration, bringing together both the interpretation of the suffering person and the scientific categories of psychiatry.
Phenomenological psychopathology in contemporary psychiatry
Due to growing skepticism about the current psychiatric model, psychopathology has once again aroused interest in the psychiatric field. This article intends to examine the current perspectives of the phenomenological approach of psychopathology in the context of psychiatry. To this end, we will situate phenomenology along the historical course of psychopathology, presenting the particularities of its understanding of the psychiatric object, and finally, we will defend, in general terms, the affinity of the phenomenological approach with the aspirations and practical needs of the field of psychiatry.
Phenomenological psychopathology in contemporary psychiatry: interfaces and perspectives
Revista Latinoamericana de Psicopatologia Fundamental, 2017
Due to growing skepticism about the current psychiatric model, psychopathology has once again aroused interest in the psychiatric field. This article intends to examine the current perspectives of the phenomenological approach of psychopathology in the context of psychiatry. To this end, we will situate phenomenology along the historical course of psychopathology, presenting the particularities of its understanding of the psychiatric object, and finally, we will defend, in general terms, the affinity of the phenomenological approach with the aspirations and practical needs of the field of psychiatry.
Understanding in psychopathology
The article outlines the problem of understanding mental disorders and the proposed distinctions significant in terms of all research done in the context of the philosophy of psychiatry. Inspired by the phenomenological and hermeneutic approach, engaged epistemo-logy is presented as a tool which helps to reveal the significant aspects of mental illness and psychopathology. By revealing the embodiment and the deep relation between the body and the outside world, engaged epistemology allows for a description of the dimensions of psychotic experience, as well as a more in-depth analysis of particular psychopathologies (and the related disorders of identity, lack of sense of reality and problems in relations with others). Scientists studying the phenomenological tradition made efforts to reliably describe the subjective experience of patients, and to critically evaluate the scientific ability to study illnesses. The hermeneutical critique of psychiatry, in turn, resorts to revealing its socio-cultural background which determines the horizon for objective, scientific, clinical research.
A Step Beyond Psychopathology: A New Frontier of Phenomenology in Psychiatry
Philosophy, Psychiatry, & Psychology, 2019
ritical-philosophical commentary on theses defended in scientific articles may be guided by two distinct perspectives, each leading to inquiries and styles of responses that are both distinct and complementary: an internal perspective and an external perspective. The internal commentator belongs to the same epistemological field of the authors and, as such, shares the same categorical assumptions and the same Weltanschauung explored in the text. The dialogue with this commentator emphasizes the minutiae of the observation of the shared scientific reality and points out the frontiers toward which the discussion of a scientific branch must advance. The external commentator, in contrast, emphasizes the categorical contrasts and semantic differences between the scientific field to which this commentator belongs and the one to which the authors belong. Their inquiries summon the authors to an explanation of their concepts. The valuable comments of Daker and Dalgalarrondo to the article "Principles for pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia in light of phenomenological psychopathology" correspond with internal and external criticisms, respectively. Both allow