The Process of Constitution Making in Pakistan from 1947-1954: Historical and Political Perspective (original) (raw)
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Ever since the establishment of Pakistan in 1947, it faced multiple challenges, the framing of the future constitution of Pakistan was the biggest of them. The India act of 1935 with certain modifications became the interim constitution and the country was continuously ruled till 1956 constitution of Pakistan. This research paper highlights the problems from inadequate administrative system, extreme refugee problems, lack of financial resources, insufficient means of communication and transportation, ethno-linguistic problems, lack of trained leadership and the missing of national consensus were major issues which the newly established independent sovereign state of Pakistan faced as its early problems.
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Pakistan has faced multiple problems in its early days regarding framing of constitution. Due to death of Qaid-e-Azam, Liaqat Ali Khan’s assassination, abrogation of first constituent assembly, legal interpretation of powers of Governor General. Then imposition of martial laws and instability of elected governments due to army intervention time and again, till 2009, when supreme court has declared every act abrogating the constitution as illegal and unlawful and also nipped the evil in bud by stopping the gateway to martial law in its land mark judgments. These steps are discussed in this writing to highlight the core issue of instability of the Constitution in Pakistan.
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Present research was carried out so as to determine the constitutional and political development in Pakistan since (1947-1973). In this regard, both historical and descriptive research was used. Qualitative research methods were utilized in present research, Based on objectives of the present exploration the 200 respondents (Social Science Division, University of Balochistan) among them 100 students and similar, 100 academic staff were selected as sample size based on in-depth interviews. Simple random sampling was used. However, the Cronbach"s Alpha program was noted as .701. Analysis of variance, ANOVA (Duncan Multiple Range Test) or DMRT test was to run so as to denote the perception variations between groups in the present research. The p-value was calculated at 0.05 alpha levels. The finding revealed that non-significant was also observed in research question 1. The non-significant was observed at 0.05 levels in research question 2. A significant variation was observed in research question-3. Thus, the research question 4 was accepted at 0.05 level or p> value. In view of the preceding conclusions, the following recommendation put forward. There should be a need of appreciation at the local to national level of the issues solution. Nevertheless the government of Pakistan has measured this issues but, reliable and steady follow-up should be mandatory.
Historical Perspective of Political and Constitutional Development in Pakistan
The political and constitutional history of Pakistan over the years has been quite enigmatic. The unprecedented political crises, security threats, failure of domestic and external policies impaired the political development of the country considerably. While looking at the historical underpinnings, the political system was dominated by bureaucratic-military elites. They developed symbiotic relationship along with feudal lords who readily accepted the policy of second fiddle. Military along with bureaucracy collaborated to restructure the political system and brought constitutional changes to consolidate power. On the other hand the political parties were unable to capitalize upon political power. They remained averse to solving political issues, invariably contributed in strengthening the hands of extra constitutional forces. The ineffective system of accountability, weak organization of judiciary and social backwardness were among other factors which hampered political development considerably. This paper attempts to unfold the historical analysis of political and constitutional development and how those developments impacted the political system of Pakistan. Key words: Military-bureaucratic oligarchy, mushroom growth of political parties, political structures in the state of disequilibrium
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