Reviewing the effect of the stretch-shortening cycle workouts on shot hit performance (original) (raw)
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2020
This study aimed to compare the effects of different sets of ballistic stretching protocol on repeated sprint ability (RSA) performance among football players. Fourteen male university football players [age (mean ±SD) 23.4 ± 1.3 years, body mass 70.0 ± 4.8 kg, height 171.6 ± 5.8 cm, body mass index (BMI) 23.4 ± 2.1 kg.m] underwent 4 sessions in the counterbalance design. All sessions included a general warm-up, followed by a ballistic stretching protocol (one set –DSS1; two sets –DSS2; three sets – DSS3) consists of 5 ballistic exercises (gastrocnemius, gluteus maximus, hamstrings, quadriceps femoris and hip extensions). A standardized specific warm-up was then undertaken followed by 5 x 20m with interspersed 30-s active recovery. The finding of study shown a values of total time sprint (TST), mean time sprint (MST) and best time sprint (BST) were significant faster for BSS1 compared to BSS2 and BSS3 (P < 0.05). Fatigue index (FI) was significantly lower in BSS1 compared to BSS2 ...
Sport Sciences for Health
Objective: This study examined the effects of 8 weeks stretch-shortening-cycle-based (SSC-based) versus non-SSC-based jump exercises on physical fitness in prepubertal male soccer players. Methods: Twenty-six participants were randomly assigned to either a SSC-based using countermovement-jump (CMJG; n=13) or a non-SSC-based jump group using squat-jump (SJG; n=13). Pre-and post-training, tests were conducted to assess measures of muscle power (countermovement-jump, reactive-strength-index), speed (5-m, 20-m), change-of-direction (CoD), and sport-specific performance (maximal-kicking-distance). To establish the effect of the interventions on the dependent variables, a 2 (group: CMJG and SJG) × 2 (time: pre, post) ANOVA with repeated measures was determined for each parameter. Results: Findings demonstrated a main effect of time for countermovement-jump, reactive-strength-index, and maximal-kickingdistance (p<0.05, effect size [ES]=0.56-0.71). Group × time interactions were identified for (5-m, 20-m, and reactive-strength-index (p<0.05, ES=0.59-0.64) in favor of CMJG. Particularly, pre-post performance improvements have been observed for 5-m (∆1.6%; p=0.04; ES=0.54) and 20-m (∆5.3%; p<0.01; ES=1.00) in the CMJG. For SJG, 5-m (∆-5.5%; p=0.01; ES=-1.12) and 20-m (∆-3.7%; p=0.01; ES=-0.82) pre-post performance declines were observed. Regarding reactive strength index, pre-post improvement was noted for CMJG only (∆-40.1%; p<0.01; ES=3.7). In addition, a tendency toward a group × time interaction was found for CoD (p=0.06, ES=0.54) with a performance decrement for SJG (∆-6.0%; p<0.01; ES=-1.8) and no pre-post changes for CMJG (∆0.15%; p>0.05; ES=0.05). Conclusion: Overall, jump exercises which utilise the SSC seem to be more effective in improving measures of speed and muscle power performance in young athletes. However, jump exercises that do not involve the SSC appear to negatively affect CoD performance in young athletes.
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012
Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of static stretching, dynamic stretching, and no stretching warm-up trials on 10-m acceleration, 20 m maximal speed, and agility of elite male soccer players. Methods: The participants of this study were 20 elite male soccer players from a competitive high school soccer team (age=16-18).Results: The results of the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined that: 1-There were no significant differences among the different warm-up protocols for 10-m acceleration tests. 2-There were significant differences among the different warm-up protocols for the 20-m maximal speed and agility test, with dynamic stretching resulting in significantly better performance than static and no stretching.Conclusion: Therefor, the research conclude that warm-up protocols that consisted of dynamic exercise resulted in an overall performance enhancement, and static stretching resulted in a detriment performance.
Effects of stretching and strength exercises on speed and power abilities in male basketball players
Recent data, especially related to the molecular structure of muscle tissue and the neurophysiological processes that control muscular speed and force have questioned the benefits of stretching exercises performed prior to dynamic physical activities such as sprinting or jumping. On the other hand strength exercises with various types of muscle contraction and different training loads have proven effective in developing running speed and jumping performance. The present work attempted to verify the hypothesis concerning the detrimental influence of stretching on running speed and anaerobic power of lower limbs, while confirming the benefits of strength exercises on these motor abilities. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the short-term effects of stretching and strength exercises on running speed and jumping performance in competitive basketball players. The results showed significant changes in all of six variables used to evaluate lower limb power and running speed. Vertical jump performance showed increased tendencies in a microcycle without stretching, yet with strength exercises focused on lower limb extensors and flexors. Take-off speed, maximal jump height, work output and power during this microcycle were significantly higher in comparison to a weekly cycle were stretching was incorporated in the warm-up and prior to testing. In the case of running speed, the 3 treatments revealed significant differences, yet once again strength exercises compared to stretching allowed reaching of faster times for the 5 and 20 m sprint, respectively.
Acute effects of stretching duration on sprint performance of adolescent football players
Muscle Ligaments and Tendons Journal
Introduction: Athletic performance is the result of the interaction of various factors. The flexibility of the joints plays an important role in athletic performance. The effect of static and dynamic stretching on physical performance has been studied, but with no mention to variable duration. This study aims to examine the effect of duration of acute static and dynamic stretching on sprint performance, in terms of speed and flexibility. Methods: Seventeen football players (mean age 15.9±0.8 years) participated in the study. All performed three static stretching protocols and three dynamic stretching protocols with variant duration, in six different training days with random order. The static and dynamic stretching protocols, lasting 20 seconds each, were performed in three different sets of repetition: 1x20 sec (volume 20 s), 2x20 sec (volume 40 s) and 3x20 sec (volume 60 s). Range of motion was determined during hip flexion, extension and abduction, knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion using a goniometer. Five pairs of photocells at various distances (0 m, 5 m, 10 m, 20 m and 30 m) were used for speed evaluation. Results: Sprint performance remained unchanged at the whole distance of 30 m after dynamic stretching for 20, 40 and 60 s. Static stretching for 40 and 60 s the sprint performance decreased (p<0.05), while it remained unchanged for the first 20 meters (m) and decreased in the last 10 m, when the stretching duration was 20 s. Independently from duration static and dynamic stretching increased joint flexibility. Conclusion: The findings indicate that dynamic stretching does not influence sprint performance, independently of the duration (20-60 s). However, static stretching performed for more than 20 s (40-60 s) seems to decrease sprint speed. Both static and dynamic stretching improves joint flexibility, in a way irrelevant to duration. Level of evidence: IIa.
Influence of a pre-shot dynamic stretching routine on free throw performance
Biomedical Human Kinetics, 2019
Study aim: The aim of the present study was to examine a single movement of dynamic stretching (SMDS) of the shooting arm as a pre-shot routine for free throw performance (FTP). Material and methods: The sample consisted of 60 junior and senior basketball players from the youth league of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), and the national level-the First Division of B&H. The authors found that some players during a game and training sessions apply an SMDS of the shooting arm as a pre-shot routine for FTP. Since previous literature suggests that length of the routine and pre-performance behaviors are quite different among players of all levels, the sample was divided based on the number of training hours per week (lower/higher number of training hours) and basketball experience (experi-enced/less experienced). The procedure involves every player performing five free throws (FTs) without prior stretching, five FTs immediately after SMDS of the triceps muscle and five FTs after SMDS of the m. flexor carpi radialis. Results: After the first SMDS (m. triceps brachii) the percentage of FT slightly decreased in the first following attempt. After the second stretching (m. flexor carpi radialis), a significant FT percentage drop was noted in the first following FT for the whole sample. Players with more experience and more training hours per week had poorer results after the stretching. Conclusions: The SMDS routine did not enhance the FTP and it had a rather harmful effect on FTP, especially SMDS of the flexor carpi radialis muscle, and the authors do not recommend SMDS before the FTP.
Acute Effect of Different Combined Stretching Methods on Acceleration and Speed in Soccer Players
Journal of Human Kinetics, 2016
The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different stretching methods, during a warm-up, on the acceleration and speed of soccer players. The acceleration performance of 20 collegiate soccer players (body height: 177.25 ± 5.31 cm; body mass: 65.10 ± 5.62 kg; age: 16.85 ± 0.87 years; BMI: 20.70 ± 5.54; experience: 8.46 ± 1.49 years) was evaluated after different warm-up procedures, using 10 and 20 m tests. Subjects performed five types of a warm-up: static, dynamic, combined static + dynamic, combined dynamic + static, and no-stretching. Subjects were divided into five groups. Each group performed five different warm-up protocols in five non-consecutive days. The warm-up protocol used for each group was randomly assigned. The protocols consisted of 4 min jogging, a 1 min stretching program (except for the no-stretching protocol), and 2 min rest periods, followed by the 10 and 20 m sprint test, on the same day. The current findings showed significant difference...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
The aim of the present trial was to investigate the effect of two stretching programs, a dynamic and a static one, on the sprint ability of recreational volleyball players. The sample consisted of 27 male recreational volleyball players (age 21.6 ± 2.1 years, mean ± standard deviation, body mass 80.3 ± 8.9 kg, height 1.82 ± 0.06 m, body mass index 24.3 ± 2.5 kg.m−2, volleyball experience 7.7 ± 2.9 years). Participants were randomly divided into three groups: (a) the first performing dynamic stretching exercises three times per week, (b) the second following a static stretching protocol on the same frequency, and (c) the third being the control group, abstaining from any stretching protocol. The duration of the stretching exercise intervention period was 6 weeks, with all groups performing baseline and final field sprinting tests at 4.5 and 9 m. The post-test sprint times were faster in both the 4.5 (p = 0.027, η2 = 0.188) and 9 m tests (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.605) compared to the pre-...