Conductivity enhancement in K + -ion conducting dry Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE): [PEO: KNO 3 ]: A consequence of KI dispersal and nano-ionic effect (original) (raw)
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2018
Article History Published Online: 07 August 2018 Ion conducting electroactive polymers or polymer electrolytes in thin flexible forms show great technological potentials to fabricate all-solid-state min/micro electrochemical power sources viz. batteries, fuel cells, supercapacitors etc. Pure polymeric materials are known for their poor electrical conductivity and referred to as insulators. However, polymers can be made electroactive i.e. electron, ion and/or mix conducting by complexing / dissolving electronic, ionic and / or both materials. First ion conducting solid polymer was reported in 1973 and subsequently, the first practical battery based on Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) film was demonstrated in 1979 . Since then, wide variety of SPE film materials, involving different mobile ionic species viz. H, Ag, Li, Na, K, Mg, etc., have been investigated. In the synthesis of majority of SPE films, reported in the past, high molecular weight polar polymer viz. poly (ethylene oxide) ...
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2016
Dry polymer electrolytes viz. Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPE), Composite Polymer Electrolytes (CPEs) etc. in thin / flexible film form show tremendous technological potentials to develop All-Solid-State batteries in any desired shapes/sizes. Majority of these batteries, which have captured > 70% of commercial market world over today, are based on Li +-ion salts and Li-metal electrodes. However, these batteries encountered some serious safety and environmental issues in the recent past primarily due to use of Lithium chemicals. Hence, it is strongly felt that batteries based on non-lithium chemicals should be developed. This paper reports investigations on non-lithium chemical based dry Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) films: [(1-x) PEO: x(CH3COO)2Zn]. Salt-concentration (x) dependent conductivity (σ) study identified SPE film: [95 PEO: 5 ZnA] as Optimum Conducting Composition (OCC) exhibiting room temperature conductivity (σrt) ~ 1.22 x 10-7 S/cm. To evaluate the suitability of this SPE OCC film in All-Solid-State battery application, the characterization of ion transport property has been done in terms of ionic conductivity (σ), total ionic (tion) / cationic (t+) transference numbers, activation energy (Ea) and materials property with the help of SEM/XRD/ FTIR/DSC analysis.
2014
Poly Ethylene Oxide (PEO) based Solid polymer electrolyte films with KHCO 3 and KHCO 3 + plasticizer (Dimethyl formamide) have been prepared using a solution casting technique. The complexation of the Polymer PEO with KHCO 3 and KHCO 3 + DMF (Dimethyl formamide) was confirmed by IR and XRD studies. The conductivity-temperature plots showed an increase in conductivity with increasing temperature. The increase in conductivity is about ten times larger in the plasticized (PEO + KHCO 3) polymer electrolyte systems compared with pure (PEO + KHCO 3) polymer electrolyte system. The transference data indicated that the charge transport in these polymer electrolyte systems is predominantly due to ions. Using this polymer electrolyte system, a polymer battery or an electrochemical cell with configuration K + / (PEO + KHCO 3 + plasticizer) / (I 2 + C + Electrolyte) was fabricated and its discharge characteristics were studied for a constant load of 100 KΩ. The Open circuit voltage (OCV), Short circuit current (SCC), Discharge time, Current density and Power density were evaluated. A number of other battery parameters associated with the battery were evaluated and compared with the data from earlier reported in this paper.
Bulletin of Materials Science, 2016
The free standing and dimensionally stable gel polymer electrolyte films of polyacrylonitrile (PAN): potassium iodide (KI) of different compositions, using ethylene carbonate as a plasticizer and dimethyl formamide as solvent, are prepared by adopting 'solution casting technique' and these films are examined for their conductivities. The structural, miscibility and the chemical rapport between PAN and KI are investigated using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry methods. The conductivity is enhanced with the increase in KI concentration and temperature. The maximum conductivity at 30 • C is found to be 2.089 × 10 −5 S cm −1 for PAN:KI (70:30) wt%, which is nine orders greater than that of pure PAN (<10 −14 S cm −1). The conductivity-temperature dependence of these polymer electrolyte films obeys Arrhenius behaviour with activation energy ranging from 0.358 to 0.478 eV. The conducting carriers of charge transport in these polymer electrolyte films are identified by Wagner's polarization technique and it is found that the charge transport is predominantly due to ions. The better conducting sample is used to fabricate the battery with configuration K/PAN + KI/I 2 + C + electrolyte and good discharge characteristics of battery are observed.
Characterization of a solid state battery based on polyblend of (PVP+PVA+KBrO3) electrolyte
Ionics, 2004
A potassium ion conducting polyblend electrolyte based on polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) + polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) complexed with KBrO 3 was prepared using solution-cast technique. The electrical conductivity and transference number measurements were performed to characterize the polyblend electrolyte for battery applications. These measurements have shown that the electrolyte is a mixed (ionic + electronic) conductor, the charge transport being mainly ionic (tion = 0.97). Using the electrolyte, electrochemical cells with configurations K / (PVP+PVA+KBrO3)/(I2), K / (PVP+PVA+KBrO3)/(12+C) and K/(PVP+PVA+KBrO 3) / (Iz+C+electrolyte) were fabricated and their discharge characteristics studied. The cell with configuration K / (PVP+PVA+KBrO3) / (I2+C+electrolyte) exhibited better discharge characteristics than the other configurations. The other cell parameters like open circuit voltage (OCV), short circuit current (SCC) etc. were evaluated and are reported.
Polymer Electrolyte Films for Solid State Polymer Batteries
Solid polymer electrolyte system films based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) complexed with sodium salt was prepared using solution cast technique. The effect of plasticizer (DMF) on the properties of Sodium ion conducting electrolyte was studied. DC conductivity of the films was measured in the temperature range 303-398 K. The electrical conductivity significantly increased with addition of plasticizer, which is attributed to the formation of charge transfer complexes. The polymer complexes exhibited Arrhenius type dependence of conductivity with temperature.. The total ionic transport number was evaluated by means of Wagner's polarization technique .Transport number for Sodium ion is ranged from 0.91 to 0.96 depending on the composition. Electrochemical cells of configuration Na / polymer electrolyte / (I2+C+electrolyte) were fabricated. The open circuit voltage, short circuit current and discharge time for plateau region were measured.
A Review: Ionic Conductivity of Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based Polyethylene Oxide
International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2021
Solid state electrolyte system-based polyethylene oxide (PEO) been widely used as one of the promising polymer host that mainly used in advance material such as secondary battery. They have many benefits of PEO such as good electrochemical stability, excellent compatibility with inorganic salts, reasonable fabrication cost, good safety, and good energy density. However, due to the semicrystalline behaviour this electrolyte system poor mechanical strength and thermo-stability limit its application in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Worldwide research has been conducted to enhance the mechanical strength and electrochemical properties of the PEO electrolyte system such as blending, inorganic filler and plasticizer etc. Therefore, in this review the topic has been narrow down on issues of PEO polymer electrolytes system.
Polyketones as Host Materials for Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Journal of The Electrochemical Society
While solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have great potential for use in future lithium-based batteries, they do, however, not display conductivity at a sufficient level as compared to liquid electrolytes. To reach the needed requirements of lithium batteries it is therefore necessary to explore new materials classes to serve as novel polymer hosts. In this work, SPEs based on the polyketone poly(3,3-dimethylpentane-2,4-dione) were investigated. Polyketones are structurally similar to several polycarbonate and polyester SPE hosts investigated before but have, due to the lack of additional oxygen atoms in the coordinating motif, even more electronwithdrawing carbonyl groups and could therefore display better properties for coordination to the salt cation. In electrolyte compositions comprising 25−40 wt% LiTFSI salt, it was observed that this polyketone indeed conducts lithium ions with a high cation transference number, but that the ionic conductivity is limited by the semi-crystallinity of the polymer matrix. The crystallinity decreases with increasing salt content, and a fully amorphous SPE can be produced at 40 wt% salt, accompanied by an ionic conductivity of 3 × 10 −7 S cm −1 at 32°C. This opens up for further exploration of polyketone systems for SPE-based batteries.
Polymers
In this research, innovative green and sustainable solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on plasticized methylcellulose/polyvinyl pyrrolidone/potassium carbonate (MC/PVP/K2CO3) were examined. The MC/PVP/K2CO3 SPE system with five distinct ethylene carbonate (EC) concentrations as a plasticizer was successfully designed. Frequency-dependent conductivity plots were used to investigate the conduction mechanism of the SPEs. Electrochemical potential window stability and the cation transfer number of the SPEs were studied via linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and transference number measurement (TNM), respectively. Additionally, the structural behavior of the SPEs was analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. The SPE film complexed with 15 wt.% EC measured a maximum conductivity of 3.88 × 10−4 Scm−1. According to the results of the t...
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 2014
Ag +-ion conducting Nano Composite Polymer Electrolyte (NCPE) films: [90PEO: 10AgCF 3 SO 3 ] + xAl 2 O 3, where x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5 wt.(%), have been prepared by a completely dry hot-press technique in place of the traditional solution-cast method. NCPE film, basically a two-phase organic composite polymer electrolyte, has been synthesized using Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) composition: [90PEO: 10AgCF 3 SO 3 ], identified as one of the high conducting films with room temperature (300 K) ionic conductivity (σ rt)~7.12 × 10 −7 S/cm and having superior mechanical flexibility, as 1st-phase host and nano-particles (size b 50 nm) of an insulating/inert filler material Al 2 O 3 as 2nd-phase dispersoid. Filler particle concentration dependent conductivity measurements revealed NCPE film: [(90PEO: 10AgCF 3 SO 3) + 3Al 2 O 3 ] as Optimum Conducting Composition (OCC) with σ rt~2 .57 × 10 −6 S/cm. A conductivity enhancement of more than 3-fold could be achieved in SPE as a consequence of dispersal of Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles. Also, NCPE OCC film physically appeared relatively more stable/flexible as compared to SPE host film. The characterization of ion transport properties in SPE host and NCPE OCC films has been done in terms of ionic conductivity (σ) and total ionic (t ion)/cation (t +) transference numbers. These ionic parameters have been evaluated experimentally using different ac/dc techniques. The temperature dependent conductivity has also been studied and the activation energy (E a) was computed by liner least square fitting of Arrhenius plot. The material characterization was done by analyzing X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) responses on the film samples. All-Solid-State batteries in the cell configuration Ag (anode)//NCPE OCC film//(I 2 + C + NCPE) (cathode) have been fabricated and the cell-potential discharge performances have been studied under varying load conditions. An Open Circuit Voltage (OCV)~0.56 V was obtained. Some important cell parameters have been evaluated from the cell potential discharge profiles. The battery performed quite satisfactorily especially under low current drain states.