Relationship between Sprint, Change of Direction, Jump, and Hexagon Test Performance in Young Tennis Players (original) (raw)
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Journal of human kinetics, 2017
Agility is an important quality in tennis, yet there is an evident lack of studies focussing on the applicability of tennis-specific agility performances and comparing them to equivalent non-specific agility performances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and factorial validity of three tests of pre-planned agility, performed in specific (with a tennis racquet) and non-specific (without a tennis racquet) conditions. The sample consisted of 33 tennis players (13 males and 20 females; age: 18.3 ± 1.1 years and 18.6 ± 1.3 years; body height: 185.4 ± 51 cm and 169.3 ± 4.2 cm, 74.0 ± 4.4 kg and 61.2 ± 3.1 kg, respectively). The variables comprised three agility tests: a 20-yard test, a T-test and the Illinois test, all performed in both specific and non-specific conditions. Between-subject and within-subject reliability were found to be high (Cronbach Alpha: 0.93 to 0.98; Coefficient of Variation: 3 to 8%), with better within-subject reliability and stability of the m...
Physical and performance correlates of agility in tennis players
2013
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships of body mass index (BMI), years of sport-specific training, power, and reaction time with simple agility measured in tennis players. Methods: Thirty participants were recruited from local tennis teams and clubs in Ithaca, NY. Participant age ranged from 18 to 39 years (M = 22.7, SD = 5.8). Participants performed an Agility T-Test, a 505 Agility Test, a Vertical Jump Test and a Reaction Time Test in the Biomechanics Lab at Ithaca College. Participant data including age, height, mass, gender, years of sport-specific training and BMI were recorded for each individual prior to testing. Pearson correlations were used to evaluate bivariate relationships between BMI, years of sport-specific training, power, reaction time, and Agility T-Test and 505 Agility Test. Also multiple regressions were completed to determine the prediction strength of selected variables for agility performance and also prediction strength for all the variables combined together. Results: A negative and significant correlation existed between power and Agility T-Test (r =-0.58, p < .01) and power and years of training (r =-0.40, p < .05). The correlation between power and 505 Agility Test approached significance (r =-0.30, p = .057). Also, a positive and significant but weak correlation existed between BMI and 505 Agility Test (r = 0.39, p < .05). Surprisingly, no relationship existed between other variables. Multiple regression analysis revealed that BMI, years of training, PPO and reaction time best predicted agility time for both the 505 Agility Test (R 2 = 0.48) and Agility T-Test (R 2 = 0.64) iv Conclusion: Under the present experimental condition, Agility T-Test and 505 Agility Test scores were best predicted by all variables together. Since agility is related to successful performance, this information may be helpful to coaches, athletes and recreational populations. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I sincerely thank and express my gratitude to the following individuals for their assistance, guidance and insight throughout this thesis. Specially, I would like to thank Dr. D. King and Dr. B. Keller for their patience, dedication and valuable advice. I thank members of tennis teams at Ithaca College, Cornell University and Ithaca High School for their participation. Also, thanks to the students of Ithaca College Department of Exercise and Sports Sciences for their continued support and participation. To end, thanks to all my family and friends for the continued support, understanding, and encouragement. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
Design of a Tennis-Specific Agility Test (TAT) for Monitoring Tennis Players
Journal of Human Kinetics, 2021
Agility is an important ability for tennis players. To be successful in the rallies, players must perform rapid, multidirectional movements in response to the ball and/or the position of the opponent. For a test to be representative in monitoring agility performance, it should capture a combination of the physical and cognitive agility performance. Considering that literature reports no reliable and valid sport-specific agility test for tennis, the aim of this article was to design and evaluate the measurement properties of a Tennis-specific Agility Test (TAT). To evaluate the TAT, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and feasibility were assessed. For reproducibility, a two-way mixed ANOVA was performed. Concurrent validity was assessed using Pearson correlations. A total of 69 tennis players participated in this study of whom 16 competed at the international (22 ± 3.7 years, playing level (Dynamic Rating System): .8 ± .3), 43 at the national (14 ± 1.4 years, playing level...
Reliability, Validity and Sensitivity of Newly Developed Tennis-Specific Reactive Agility Tests
Sustainability
Agility is one of the motor skills on which success in tennis performance depends, and the aim of this research was the development and validation of a new test for assessing preplanned and reactive agility in young tennis players. The sample of respondents comprised 50 young competitors with an average age of 12.34 ± 1.22 years who were ranked up to 50th in the national tennis association ranking and up to 300th in the international Tennis Europe ranking. Agility variables were measured with newly constructed tests for the assessment of preplanned agility (CODS) and reactive agility (RAG), which were constructed in such a way that subjects imitated specific movements in tennis. It can be concluded that the newly constructed tests of preplanned agility (CODS) and reactive agility (RAG) have a high degree of reliability. Additionally, the assumption that the reliability will be slightly higher for preplanned agility tests (CA = 0.92 and 0.92; ICC = 0.86 and 0.82) than for reactive ag...
Reliability and validity of a novel agility measurement device for badminton players
African Educational Research Journal, 2020
The validity and reliability of a novel badminton agility test was examined by making comparisons with previously established agility tests, namely the T-test and Illinois test. The participants were active highlevel badminton players (n = 36) and active non-badminton players (n = 33). The participants performed three tests to assess agility: (a) T-test, (b) Illinois test, and (c) the novel badminton agility test (BAT). Independent samples t test was used to compare mean scores and paired-samples t test for the differences between preand post-tests. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), paired samples t test and Bland-Altman plot were used to test the reliability of the agility measurements. The level of agreement between the tests was analyzed by using Cohen’s Kappa (κ) and Pearson’s r. Concurrent validity was tested by dispersion plot and coefficient of determination. Construct validity was assessed by independent samples t test. According to the results, it was found that BAT...
A test battery to assess on court displacements of youth tennis players
ITF coaching & sport science review, 2022
This paper propose five tennis-specific tests performed on hardcourt to analyze coordination of lower limbs and laterality. Times to complete one 20 meters linear sprint and four 4 x 5 meters shuttle sprints (180° change of direction) in: a) open stance, b) neutral stance, c) forehand and d) backhand, were recorded in 342 youth tennis players aged 11-16 yrs. Differences between times in the 20 meters and 4 x 5 meters sprints in open stance greater than 3.13 and 2.91 seconds denote inadequate on-court displacement capacity of females and males respectively. The difference between open and neutral shuttle sprints assess the on-court coordination capacities of lower limbs with expected optimal result below 0.43 and 0.39 seconds for females and males respectively. The difference between forehand and backhand shuttle sprints should tend towards zero seconds in symmetric players indicating the capacity to move in the court with the same acceleration/deceleration capabilities regardless laterality. These tests can be proposed at any age as they give an idea of the coordination capacities of lower limbs and laterality related to specific tennis movements. The earlier age assessment may serve to address any coordination/laterality deficits sooner versus later.
A multiple repeated sprint ability test for badminton players involving four changes of direction
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2017
The purpose of the present study was: i) to develop a new sport-specific, repeated sprint ability test involving four changes of direction, namely, the multiple repeated sprint ability (MRSAB) test for badminton players; ii) to determine its validity by comparing the results of five different skill levels; and iii) to assess the link between the new test and neuromuscular lower limb and physiological variables. For this purpose, 42 participants were separated into five groups in order to perform the MRSAB test at the same time of day, on two occasions, separated by at least 48 hours. The MRSAB test consisted of two repetitions of four movements (4 x 3 m) separated by 30 sec of passive recovery. This pattern was repeated 10 times. The best time (BT), mean time (MT) and fatigue index (FI) were measured. Heart rate and blood lactate concentration were also recorded to determine the participants' physiological responses to the test. The results show that the MRSAB test is valid, because it differentiates between the five skill levels for BT, MT and FI and offers a reliable method (ICC=0.95 for BT and MT) for testing badminton players, with no differences between the sessions (p > 0.05). Moreover, the link between MT and neuromuscular variables, such as jump height in squats and countermovements (r =-0.55 and-0.60, respectively) and with VO2max (r =-0.92) reveals that this test uses a combination of the anaerobic and aerobic systems; thus, it can be used by trainers either to improve movement ability or increase these physical qualities.
Validity and Reliability of Reactive Agility Measurements of Tennis Performance
International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 2022
Reactive agility measurement tool recently has become one of the important issues in the physical training for tennis performance. Therefore, finding a valid and reliable reactive agility measuring instrument for tennis performance is needed. This study aimed to do a validity and reliability test of the reactive agility measuring instrument for tennis performance. This study used a mixed-methods approach. The seven experts participants were determined by the criteria of an evaluation expert and a tennis expert, or both. This study had three stages. The first was document analysis (international journal). It is used to develop a construction design for the reactive tennis agility measuring instrument. The second stage was content validation. The participants were seven experts. Then, the data collection technique used the Delphi technique. The research instrument uses a scale of one to four, namely very relevant, relevant, less relevant, and irrelevant. The data analysis used the Aiken formula for content validity and Reliability Analysis between raters using ICC. The first stage of research results has found the operational definition of reactive agility tennis: the ability to move in seconds after receiving a stimulus. In addition, the "Y" shape construction design of the reactive tennis agility measuring instrument has been arranged. The second stage resulted in the contents validation of a large tennis reactive agility measuring instrument. The third stage found the reliability between raters of a large tennis reactive agility measuring instrument.
Assessment of specific agility in volleyball: reliability and validity of modified X running test
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovations in Sports, Tourism and Instructional Science (ICISTIS 2019), 2019
It is very important to develope, as a part of training technologies, appropriate tools, or tests to validly and objectively control the level of specific skills development. This study aims to determine reliability and validity of the test for evaluation of specific running agility development level of young volleyball players. Male subsample consisted of 63 boys and 146 girls. Total subject sample was also divided into age categories, where boys consisted of: 29, 21 and 13, and girls: 65, 37 and 44-U15, U17, and U19 respectively. All subjects were tested using modified X test. Differences were determined with ANOVA, while reliability evaluation was performed using Reliability analysis and Aplha and ICC criteria, as well as Linear Regression Analysis. Results showed that there were significant differences between age groups for both male and female subject (p = 0.002 and p = 0.000, respectively). Test showed high reliability (>0.82) for both day-by-day and trial-by-trial models. In general, applied modified X test, proved to be statistically reliable and sensitive to observed age groups of subjects, and therefore it can be recommended for use in volleyball training technology.
Metric Characteristics of the Step Hop Test in Young Female Volleyball Players
2017
The main goal of the study was to analyse the metric characteristics of a specific volleyball agility test (SHT: Step-hop test) on a sample of 204 youth Croatian female volleyball players whose mean chronological age was 14.11±0.84 years with a training experience of 42.14±16.76 months. High values of the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.93) and low values (0.97 – 0.87 to include the values) of the coefficient of variation (0.004) confirmed good reliability of the step-hop test. Significant differences were found between the measured items by using the F-test, i.e., there was a noticeable trend of result improvement over the three consecutive test performances. The obtained value of the KS test and the values of coefficients of distribution Skewness (Skew) and Kurtosis (Kurt) indicated good sensitivity of the step-hop test. It was determined by factor analysis (principal components analysis) and correlation analysis that the step-hop test had the same object of measurement as the two...