Urinary Schistosomiasis Among Primary School Pupils in Dawakin Kudu Local Government Area, Kano State (original) (raw)
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Schistosomiasis is a water-borne disease also known as bilharziasis or snail fever. It is a major disease of public health and the second most prevalent tropical disease after malaria. This study was carried out to detect the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Ukwuani L.G.A of Delta State, Nigeria. Urine samples (n=280) were collected from 9 volunteered primary and post-primary schools between May and July, 2009. Centrifuge concentration technique was used in the analysis of urine samples for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium. 16 (5.71%) were infected with the parasite with males having a slightly high prevalence rate of 10 (3.57%) than females 6 (2.14%). Males within the age group of 11-20 were found to have the highest rate (2.14%) compared with their females (1.43%). This result is indicative of low visit to the hospital following infection of any kind and the source of drinking water in the community was poor. Many of these children engage in different water activities such as fishing, swimming, washing and fetching of water. The statistical analysis using T-test (P<0.05) showed no significant difference in the prevalence rate between age and sex. Therefore regular health education on the possible transmission of this parasite and community based treatment should be embarked upon in the school and community so as to curtail the spread and re-infection of individuals.
Prevalence and intensity of urinary schistosomiasis in Ogun state, Southwest, Nigeria
Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology, 2018
Schistosomiasis is an environmentally-mediated disease that depend on the presence of suitable habitats for snails, which serve as intermediate hosts for the causative parasites. Research has shown that the disease is endemic in Osun state and remains unabated. Until now, there has never been any mapping of the disease in the State. This study will serve as a reliable baseline data for intervention planning in the State. School children were randomly selected and examined for schistosomiasis infection at Community Primary School, Eggua, Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Urine samples were collected in wide mouthed plastic container and were examined for schistosome eggs, using sedimentation by gravity method of the 121 pupils examined. 62 (51.2%) were tested positive for Schistosoma haematobium ova, the highest prevalence (53.9%) was recorded in age group 11-15 years. Also the heaviest intensity of infection (11.8%) based on the egg count per 10ml of urine was found in this age group, while 0-5 years had no infection. Males had higher infection rate (54.2%) than females (49.3%), which however was not statistically significant (P<0.05). Hence, considering the high prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in the study community, there is a need for health education, provision of alternative sources of water, Mass Drug Administration and freshwater snail control in the area.
IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy And Biological Sciences , 2018
Preliminary study on urinary schistosomiasis was carried out in five selected communities of Itu Local Government Area-Akwa Ibom State. A total of 400 urine samples were collected and analyzed by microscopy using sedimentation method to concentrate the eggs in urine. Structured questionnaire was used to determine the level of awareness about the disease by the residents of the communities, and was analysed using the Chi-square. Out of all the urine samples examined, 8(2.00%) were positive to Schistosoma haematobium. Although more females (2.51%) were infected than the males (1.49%), the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). There were differences in prevalence rate in the communities; Odiok (0.00%), Mbiabong (0.25%), Ntak Inyang (0.38%), Ibiaku (0.38%), and Ayadehe (0.00%), it was not significant (P > 0.05). A total of 190 snail vectors comprising of Bulinus species (13.68%), Biomphalaria species (33.12%) and Lymnaea species (53.12%) were obtained. None of the vectors of schistosomiasis was infected, but Lymnaea species (45.54%) was infected. The physico-chemical parameters of the water bodies included pH (5.7-6. The water quality played a major role in snail abundance and infectivity. All other parameters were within the acceptable limits for snail abundance, except temperature and dissolved oxygen and therefore influenced the survival of the vectors. This study has therefore revealed that temperature and dissolved oxygen significantly plays a part in the abundance and infectivity of the vectors of schistosomiasis, which invariably influences the infection rate. From the results, urinary schistosomiasis has a low prevalent rate in these communities.
Fudma Journal of Sciences, 2023
This research aims to investigate the prevalence of urinary tract schistosomiasis among pupils of Angwan Lambu Primary School in Keffi Local Government Area of Nasarawa State conducted from June to September 2021. One hundred and fifty (150) urine samples were collected from the pupils and brought to the laboratory for parasitological examination of schistosome eggs using sedimentation method. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis was 23(15.33%). The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was significantly higher (P > 0.05) in male 15(10%) than the female 8(5%). There was no significant association (P > 0.05) in the prevalence of urinary infection between genders and age. The results of the study showed highest prevalence in age group 7-9 (6%) followed by age group 10-12 (5%) while the lowest prevalence was observed among age group 4-6 (2%) which revealed the prevalence of S. haematobium in the study area. Therefore, periodic chemotherapy of the affected populations with praziquantel, improved health education, provision of portable water, adequate sanitation and control of fresh water snails will reduce the risk of morbidity and disease transmission in the area.
Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences, 2017
Study was conducted to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in three selected primary schools around Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria. A total of 375 samples of urine examined for the eggs of Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni using standard filtration technique. The prevalence and parasite load of S. haematobium were 60.80% and 43.85/10 mL of urine. The prevalence varied among schools, age of children, gender and water contact. The highest prevalence of 75.20% was recorded in Basansan Model Primary School. Age group 9-12 years had the highest (71.42%) prevalence of infection. Males with the prevalence of 79.57% were more infected than females with prevalence of 29.28%. Based on occupation and water contact activities, the result showed that children of farmers had the highest prevalence of 71.50% and 84.87%, children whose source of drinking water is from Dam, had the highest prevalence of 75.24%. The study area is endemic for urinary schistosomiasis with high significant variation (P < 0.01) between the prevalence of the infections in almost all the primary schools. Health Education Campaign, treatment of infected individuals, provision of safe water for domestic uses and control of snails' vector should be encouraged.
2014
Abstract: Schistosoma haematobium is the only known agent of urinary schistosomiasis which is a chronic waterborne infection caused by digenetic trematodes that belong to the genus Schistosoma. Urinary schistosomiasis is noted to be more prevalent in Nigeria than intestinal schistosomiasis, due to the wider distribution of its snail hosts, Bulinus species as well as other socioeconomic factors. Ten (10 ml) of urine sample was collected from each of the informed and consenting pupils and secondary school students between 10am and 2pm. The biochemical parameters were analyzed using Combi -9 test strips. Egg count per 10 ml of urine was performed using 10x and 40x objective lenses. A total of 485 urine specimens were collected from five different schools. Among the population studied, the overall prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection was 38.14% (185 of 485). The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among males was 40.74% (110 of 270) while that of females was 34.88% (75 of 2...
2021
Schistosomiasis, is one of the world’s major Neglected Tropical Diseases of great public health concern. It is mostly prevalent in poor communities with little or no access to portable drinking water and adequate sanitation. This research is aimed to determine the current status and predictors of urinary schistosomiasis among schoolchildren living in communities around Mairuwa dam, Funtua Local Government, Katsina state, Nigeria. The survey was conducted among 394 schoolchildren aged 7-15 years. Socio-demographic information of the children was obtained using pre-tested questionnaires. Urine samples were collected using standard techniques and examined by filtration method for the presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs. The findings showed an overall prevalence of 29.4% and mean intensity of 29.0 eggs/10ml of urine. The findings further indicated that, males were most infected by the disease as all the females that participated in the survey were un-infected. Children from Dikke p...
The Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in Ogbadibo local government area of Benue State, Nigeria
2009
The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in Ogbadibo local government area, Benue State, Nigeria was investigated. Out of 657 urine samples examined, 300 (46.6%) showed the presence of Schistosoma haematobium. Of the 300 positive samples, 152 (23.13%) were from males and 148 (22.52%) were from females Owukpa and Eha zones showed higher prevalence 10.8% and 10.35% respectively) than the other three zones. Statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of the disease in the study are is neither sex, nor age dependent. There was a close relationship between haematuria and positive urine samples. The presence of many snail species especially the Bulinus species, and increased contact time The Internet Journal of Infectious Navigate...
Urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Okija Anambra State South eastern Nigeria
Urinary schistosomiasis in relation to community, age, gender, main occupation and sources of water supply was studied among school children in Okija, Anambra State Nigeria between April and August 2010. A total of 144/600 (24%) of the subjects examined during the period was positive for urinary schistosomiasis. Overall, 88 males (14.7%) and 56 females (9.3%) were infected (χ 2 =4.6051; df=1; P<0.05). Differences in inter-community prevalence of infection was highly significant (χ 2 =28.998; df=4; P<0.01) but intra-community variations in prevalence in relation to gender was significant in only Uhuobo community (χ 2 =5.712; df =1; P<0.05). Children 8 to13 years old accounted for 75/144 (52%) of all infections recorded in all age groups (χ 2 =11.6; df= 4; P<0.05) but intra-age group variation in prevalence in relation to gender was observed only in the age group 11 to 13years (χ 2 =19.613; P<0.01). Children of farmers had the highest prevalence of infection when compared with those of traders and public servants but the difference was not significant (χ 2 =1.46; df= 2; P>0.05). Children that use Ulasi river as their main source of water supply recorded more infection than those that use borehole and pipe-borne water though the difference was not significant (χ 2 =0.621; df=2; P>0.05). Bulinus truncatus, fresh water snails that serve as intermediate hosts for Schistosoma haematobium were identified around Ulasi river, where water contact activities were unabated. Health-awareness education and mass chemotherapy of the people as well as environmental measures that may reduce population density of snail intermediate hosts of Schistosoma haematobium will be useful in the control of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Okija and environs. Falade, M. and Emem, O. Urinary schistosomiasis: water contact frequency and infectivity among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Parasitology 32 (1): 129-134, 2011. Akogun, O.B. and Akogun, M.K. Human behavior, water usage and schistosomiasis transmission in a small settlement near Yola, Nigeria.