Effects of Compost on Soil Fertility Parameters in Mid-And Long-Term Experiments (original) (raw)
Related papers
2016
The present paper makes an analysis of the results obtained on the long-term experience with chemical and organic fertilizers with regard to the chemical condition of soils (pH, total nitrogen content, soluble phosphorous and humus). After thirty years of experiments, we like to make known the importance of systematic fertilizer application for preserving and/or increasing soil fertility, as sustainable development measure. Through long-term experiments with chemical and organic fertilizers, located in representative pedo-climatic area of Romania, important information werefound. They covered crop fertilization with adequate fertilizer application rates for obtaining maximum and economically optimum yields, the best use of nutrients and gaining high quality harvests; at the same time, important information could be acquired on the complex interactions between crops x soil x weather, necessary data for conserving and/or increasing soil fertility and for environment protection. The us...
This study was carried out to explore the seasonal variations in physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of soil samples collected from different types of agricultural fields in confluence point of Vellar and Manimuthar river basin in Peruvarappur village, Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu. The fields were selected based on the fertilization type (Organic Fertilization [OF], Chemical Fertilization [CF]) over the past three years. Results showed that seasonally the pH is not varied in both fields, however; the seasonal average is slightly higher in CF field. The total nitrogen concentration showed a higher average in OF field (3.83±.73 g kg -1 ) than CF field (2.70±0.51 g kg -1 ). However, available K and P showed the average concentration is higher in CF field (64.35±4.04 and 77.15±2.07) than OF field (44.06±1.40 g kg -1 and 64.0±9.7 g kg -1 ). The higher seasonal average of Total Nitrogen (TC) and ammonium was found in OF field (29.95±2.48 and 3.63±0.29) than CF field (28.8±3.06 and 1.56±.38) Moreover, the seasonal average of Nitrate concentration was higher in CF field (24.61±2.28) than OF field (13.96±1.04). All the physico-chemical properties of both fields soil are increased every first monsoon season. Zinc and Manganese are the major metal components found in OF field (189.52±8.31 µg g -1 )
Compost as a Substitute for Mineral N Fertilization? E↵ects on Crops, Soil and N Leaching
2019
A three-year study was conducted to test the fertilization properties of di↵erent types of compost as the total or partial mineral nitrogen fertilization substitute in an herbaceous crop succession (Zea mays L., Triticum aestivum L. and Helianthus annus L.). Four types of compost (i. green cuttings and depuration sludge, ii. green cuttings, organic fraction of municipal wastes and other organic materials, iii. green cuttings, iv. green cuttings and organic fraction of municipal wastes) and eight fertilization treatments (combining: unfertilized control, 100% mineral fertilization, 100% compost, and 50% compost +50% mineral fertilization) were evaluated in terms of: (i) crop yields and nitrogen uptake, (ii) soil organic carbon and nitrate nitrogen soil contents variation, and (iii) residual nitrate nitrogen leached at the end of the experiment. Maize grain yield ranged from 5.2 ± 1.0 Mg ha 1 to 7.4 ± 0.7 Mg ha 1 with the highest value in the mineral fertilization treatment and the lowest values in the 100% compost fertilization. Wheat and sunflower grain yields were not significantly di↵erent among control, mineral, compost, or mineral/compost fertilization treatments with average values of 5.1 ± 0.7 Mg ha 1 and 2.3 ± 0.3 Mg ha 1 , respectively. Cumulative crop yield at the end of the three years was not a↵ected by the compost type, but was a↵ected by fertilization treatment (highest values with mineral and 50% compost +50% mineral fertilization). The compost application did not highlight a relevant e↵ect on soil organic carbon. Under 100% of compost fertilization, the crops did not take up a large amount of the N supplied, but it did not generate an increase of NO 3-N leaching in the percolation water. Obtained results show the good fertilization properties of compost whereas the amendment property was not relevant, probably due to the low rates applied and the short experimental period.
Influence of Long-term Chemical fertilizers and Organic Manures on Soil Fertility -A Review
Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 2019
The Effects of Chemical Fertilizers and organic manure on soil fertility focuses primarily on the behavior of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in soil because these two nutrients are the main nutrients that limit crop yields and they are also the nutrients of particular concern for environmental quality. Besides, potassium (K), sulfur (S), macronutrients (primary and secondary), micronutrient and other elements, salts, and sodium, soil pH, EC. CEC and organic matter are covered. Organic fertilizer improves physical and biological activities of soil but they have comparatively low in nutrient content, so larger quantity is required for plant growth. However, inorganic fertilizer is usually immediately and fast containing all necessary nutrients that are directly accessible for plants. But continuous use of inorganic fertilizers alone causes soil organic matter degradation, soil acidity, and environmental pollution. So the combined application of inorganic fertilizer and organic manure has an alternative system for the sustainable and cost-effective management of soil fertility. The objective of the present review is to assess the effect of long-term chemical fertilizers and organic manure on soil fertility. The study revealed that the appropriate application of inorganic fertilizers along with organic manure increases soil fertility than the values obtained by organic or inorganic fertilizers separately.
Assessment and maintenance of soil fertility in temperate organic agriculture
CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 2008
The maintenance of soil fertility is a key tenet of organic farming and can be broadly defined as the ability of the soil to support the productivity of the system. The central concept of soil fertility in these systems is the use of legume-based multi-annual rotations together with the judicious use of on-farm manures. Rotations provide the opportunity for nutrient elements to be replenished, usually within a grass-clover ley phase with inputs of carbon and nitrogen (by the biological processes of photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation). We review evidence that shows that this 'building phase' of the rotations is also associated with increased biological activity and changes to the soil's physical characteristics. The sequence of crops within a rotation is designed to utilize changing levels of fertility and optimize the utilization of nutrient resources over the period of the rotation. Crops with high nutrient demand would therefore normally be placed at a point followin...
A study on the long-term effect of fertilizers and amendments on crop productivity and changes in soil fertility in maize-wheat cropping system in an acid Alfisol was carried out in randomized block design (RBD) with 11 treatments. Continuous application of chemical fertilizers along with farmyard manure (FYM) or lime significantly influenced the grain and straw/ stover yield and the uptake of nutrients by wheat and maize crops significantly. The organic carbon content increased from 7.9 to 12.1 g kg −1 , cation exchange capacity (CEC) from 12.1 to 14.6 cmol (p + ) kg −1 and available phosphorus from 21.9 to 75.2 kg ha −1 through the integrated use of organic and fertilizers for the last 42 years while the status of available nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) declined over the years in all the treatments. Continuous application of urea alone resulted in a drastic decline in soil pH at both depths. Imbalanced use of fertilizers led to a significant reduction in the productivity of both crops and depleted the soil fertility.
This study was carried out to explore the seasonal variations in physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of soil samples collected from different types of agricultural fields in confluence point of Vellar and Manimuthar river basin in Peruvarappur village, Cuddalore district, Tamilnadu. The fields were selected based on the fertilization type (Organic Fertilization [OF], Chemical Fertilization [CF]) over the past three years. Results showed that seasonally the pH is not varied in both fields, however; the seasonal average is slightly higher in CF field. The total nitrogen concentration showed a higher average in OF field (3.83±.73 g kg-1) than CF field (2.70±0.51 g kg-1). However, available K and P showed the average concentration is higher in CF field (64.35±4.04 and 77.15±2.07) than OF field (44.06±1.40 g kg-1 and 64.0±9.7 g kg-1). The higher seasonal average of Total Nitrogen (TC) and ammonium was found in OF field (29.95±2.48 and 3.63±0.29) than CF field (28.8±3.06 and 1.56±.38) Moreover, the seasonal average of Nitrate concentration was higher in CF field (24.61±2.28) than OF field (13.96±1.04). All the physico-chemical properties of both fields soil are increased every first monsoon season. Zinc and Manganese are the major metal components found in OF field (189.52±8.31 µg g-1) and CF field (197.17±11.67 µg g-1) respectively. Chemical fertilization increases the fungal population, however; it reduced the bacterial and actinomycetes population in CF field. The Non-linear incasement of analyzed soil parameters and the microbial population were observed in this study. The factors that control soil fertility are good in OF field than the CF field.
Soil Fertility: Factors Affecting Soil Fertility, and Biodiversity Responsible for Soil Fertility
Nutrient enriched soil is termed as “fertile”. A fertile soil maybe natural or inherent and it can be acquired by artificial fertilizers or manures. Fertility of soil can be affected by physical, chemical or biological factors ultimately having an impact on plant growth. Nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur as well as carbon etc. are not taken up by plants as it is but they have to be converted into their standard forms with help of microbes and nutrient cycling. Effective management of soil nutrients is essential as it forms the basis of human existence. Fertilization supplements the soil with additional nutrients and improves soil quality, yield and profits. Soil animals play a vital part in soil structure creation by producing channels and pores, concentrating tiny soil particles into aggregates, and fragmenting and mixing organic substances throughout the soil. A positive relation between biodiversity of plants and soil fertility is observed. This relation varies according to habitats, and biotic and abiotic factors. Soil fertility is crucial for agricultural productivity sustainability. Effective soil management is implemented to ensure high productivity for economic viability and maintenance of soil fertility.
World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science
Soil fertility can be considered in different ways, depending on land use. In intensively managed cropping systems, soil fertility can be defined in terms of the temporal value of products produced relative to inputs used, including the economic aspects of nutrient budgeting. For environmentally sustainable soil productivity, an integral use of both organic and inorganic fertilizer to ensure adequate supply of plant nutrients and sustain maximum crop yield and profitability is advocated. However, inorganic fertilizer is expensive and largely unaffordable to the resource-poor farmers found mostly across sub sahara Africa. Being readily available as a cheap source of nutrients, organic inputs, including poultry manure should complement inorganic fertilizers. Organic fertilizers supply the essential macro-and micro-nutrient elements to plants, as well as improve soil physico-chemical conditions for better crop growth and yield.