Radiation Measurement for Global System for Mobile Communication Handset and Health Implication (original) (raw)
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A REVIEW ON THE EFFECT OF CELL PHONE RADIATION
International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2016
A boon for better communication, cell phone usage nonetheless has many health hazards. Various studies indicate that the emissions from a cell phone can be extremely harmful, causing genetic damage, tumors, memory loss, increased blood pressure and weakening of the immune system. The fact that this radiation is invisible, intangible, and enters and leaves our bodies without our knowledge makes it even more intimidating. Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) are the two most prevalent second generation (2G) mobile communication technologies. GSM phones use transmission frequencies of 890 - 915 MHz or 1710 - 1785 MHz for uplink (handset to base station) and 935 - 960 MHz or 1805 - 1880 MHz for downlink (base station to handset) while the CDMA phones use frequencies of 824 - 849 MHz for uplink and 869 - 889 MHz for downlink. This paper therefore reviewed some related literature on the effect of cell phone radiation on humans’ health. The paper recommended that in order to prevent health hazards caused by cell phone radiation, government should make it mandatory for cell phone manufacturers to display the radiation levels on mobile phones through menu options, making it easier for consumers to know the exact levels for each mobile device before purchase. The paper also highlighted ten (10) tips for minimizing cellular phone radiation exposure which includes: call length and frequency, phone antenna, distance, signal path, phone mode, among others.
The electromagnetic field levels from six different handset models were investigated. The brands of handsets were Nokia 2600, 5200, Sony Ericson J230i, R306i, SamSung SGH-X490, L870. Electromagnetic field levels of the handsets were measured using an electromagnetic field tester (Model, 827, Lutron). A heterogeneous and realistic head model was utilized to estimate the effects of electromagnetic coupling to the human head. The potential hazards posed by mobile phone handsets on the human head were also addressed by evaluating the specific absorption rate (SAR) in human tissue. The highest SAR value of 1.66 was obtained in Sony Ericsson R306i while Sony Ericsson J230i gave the lowest SAR value of 0.04 . These results, reveal that, the mobile handsets expose users to fields beyond background levels, but the fields are within the safety limits set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP).
A Study on Effect of Mobile Phone Radiation on Human Health
A study was conducted in and around North-East Kolkata, West Bengal, India to find out the effect of Electro-Magnetic Radiation emitted by Global System for Mobile (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Mobile Phones on blood pressure, heart rate, pulse rate, respiration rate and body temperature on 20 healthy people (10 male and 10 female), age group within 21 to 60 years. In silent and calling mode, rapid and arrhythmic heart rate, rapid and irregular pulse rate were noted in 5% male in the age group of 21–40 years after 30 minutes exposure, when handset placed in ear closure to brain. Same observations were found only in 5% male after 15 minutes exposure and in 5% female &10% male after 30 minutes exposure,when handset placed on chest closure to heart in the age group of 41–60 years.
Hazardous Effects of Mobile Phone Radiation to Human Body
Mobile phone emits radiations that can go through semi human body’s tissues. These radiations are harmful to health and cause damage to human body in some or another way. The discussion about SAR (Specific Absorption Radiation) value declared by FCC (Federal Communications Commission) is also made which lets us know what radiation is transferred from that particular mobile phone. This paper discusses about the RF radiations, ways by which we can reduce exposure and effect for the same.
A STUDY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION EFFECTS FROM MOBILE PHONE BASE STATIONS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Nowadays, several electrical appliances such as the radio, television, computer, microwave oven, mobile phone are inevitably involved with events in our lives. All of them commonly generate electromagnetic radiation of different frequencies, especially mobile phones, the fifth basic necessity which has recently become part of our everyday lives. During the last decade, the rate of mobile phone subscription has extensively increased to 6.8 million people in 2012 and tends to further increase to 9.7 million people worldwide by 2017. Therefore, it is required that the number of base stations for signal transmission through radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation be expanded by 1.4 so as to support the increasing consumption needs of the present. Such rise in the number of base stations may make people living nearby concerned about electromagnetic radiation effects on both short-and long-term health problems. In order to explain the previous studies of electromagnetic radiation effects on human body, this research focuses on the effects of electromagnetic radiation on various health aspects, i.e. an increase in body temperature, cancer incidence, and abnormalities at cellula r and DNA levels. All the contents in this paper can enable us to understand the overall picture of study and research methodologies from the past up to the present. This will lead to development of Thailand's research in the future.
Cellphone Radiations and its Effects in Public Health- Comparative Review Study
MOJ Public Health
The review article compares and contrasts the existing research studies on cell phone radiations and its effects. Cell phone use has increased in recent decade and its effects needs to be reviewed. This study serves as a potential source, which can help us determine public health as well as environmental issues. The literature review observes several determinants of effects caused by cell phone radiations. The effect associated is good as well as bad. Future studies can help us optimize the determinants of cell phone radiations on human body as well as environment. It can help us prevent the hazardous effect in advance by finding the solutions.
European Journal of Engineering Research and Science
The intensity of electromagnetic radiation around selected mobile phones is in a bid to confirm their adherence to the specified radiofrequency exposure limit on non-ionizing radiation. Measurements were taken with the use of Radiofrequency Meter (RF) TM-96, 9V DC and Spectrum Analyzer (NA-773, 144/430 MHz) at distances 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm and 30 cm from the mobile phone users. The level of radiations from the selected mobile phones ranges from 0.3119 to 0.5407 mW/cm2 during dialing. Out of the tested mobile phones, the radiation levels of Asus, Infinix 3 and Siccoo X100 phones which are 0.5407, 0.5009 and 0.4506 mW/cm2 respectively are above the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference level which is 0.45 mW/cm2. Result from measurement showed that high radiation levels from a transmitting handset occur between seeking for connection and call establishment. It was also confirmed that the physical condition of mobile phones affec...
Radiation impact from Cell Phones and Towers on Human Health and Environment - A Review
International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2023
The main key points discussed in the research paper are radiation impact from cell phones and towers electromagnetic waves on human health such as head and brain tumors, other morbidity-related outcomes and summarizes the biological effects of radio frequency (RF) and microwave radiation. The report shows that the evidence available does not provide a clear pattern to support an association between exposure to RF and microwave radiation from mobile phones and direct effects on health. It however cautions that lack of available evidence of detrimental effects on health should not be interpreted as evidence of absence of such effects and recommends a precautionary approach to the use of this communication technology until more scientific evidence becomes available. ; “These days we have Smartphones, Smartcards, Smartboards, Smart everything, but consider this: if technology is getting smarter, does that mean humans are getting dumber (ignore)?”
Measurement of Radiofrequency Radiation Level from Commonly Used Mobile Phones Among the Students of
Mobile phones of different brands and models are widely used as a channel of communication in the society of today especially among students and young adults. A higher percentage of people carry their mobile phones around in close proximity to their bodies for quite a number of hours per day. Whereas, radiation power density emitted from mobile phones have been known to cause oxidative stress in biosystem. This study aimed to assess Radio-Frequency Radiation (RFR) exposure risk from commonly used mobile phones among the students of Adeleke University, Ede. Radiation power densities from thirty (30) mobile phones including Infinix, Samsung and Tecno were measured at active and passive modes using an RFmeter. The mean power density emitted from mobile phones ranged from 1.825 µW/cm 2 observed in Tecno L8 to 232.331 µW/cm 2 observed in Infinx HOT 4. However, none of the mobile phones examined in this study recorded power density value equal or greater than 570.0 0 µW/cm 2 limit recommended by the Federal communication Commission (F.C.C). Based on the results of this study, it is safe to conclude that RFR exposure emitted from mobile phones do not appear to have any known health hazard on humans in the study area.
Stress to Human Health Due to Electromagnetic Radiation Emitted from Mobile Phone
Electromagnetic radiations are being used by mobile phones and it is being believed that these rays are harmful to both human and animal health. Studies on the hazardous effect of mobile phone are the subject of recent interest. This has also got a boost due to the enormous increase in mobile phone usage across the globe in recent past. Many other digital wireless systems like data communication networks produce similar kind of radiations. Users must be educated and awareness is needed to be created regarding the hazardous and ill effects of use of mobile phones and other wireless communications in human society. *