Beyond Pain, Fear, Withdrawal-Findings, And Problems Involving Change - Treatment and Application for A Chronic Addiction on Alcohol Do Not End (original) (raw)

Pharmacological treatment of alcoholism

Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 1998

1. Pharmacological treatments are effective as part of a treatment plan that includes substantial education, psychological therapy and social support. This paper reviews recent literature on animal models of and treatment for alcohol abuse under seven categories: agents to block craving or reduce alcohol intake, agents to induce aversion to alcohol, agents to treat acute alcohol withdrawal, agents to treat protracted alcohol withdrawal, agents to diminish drinking by treating associated psychiatric pathology, agents to decrease drinking by treating associated drug abuse, and agents to induce sobriety in intoxicated individuals. 2. The benzodiazepines provide safe and effective treatment for detoxification, although current research focuses on finding drugs with a smaller likelihood of dependence. As yet, there are no drugs that effectively reverse the intoxicating effects of alcohol. 3. Currently, only two major groups of drugs that are relatively safe have shown any effect at reduc...

Pharmacotherapy of alcohol and drug problems

Drug and Alcohol Review, 1991

Substantial progress has been made in the pharmacotherapy of withdrawal syndromes and organic complications of alcohol and drug abuse. Diazepam loading (alcohol withdrawal), phenobarbital loading (barbituate withdrawal) and diazepam tapering Coenzodiazepine discontinuation) have considerably simplified treatment of withdrawal syndromes and have enhanced efficacy. Propylthiouracil shows considerable promise in the out-patient treatment of alcoholic liver disease. New medications, particularly those modifying serotonergic function, have efficacy in decreasing alcohol consumption and show considerable therapeutic potential. Human pharmacology and pharmacotherapy should be a central part of training programmes in the field in order that further advances can be made. [Sellers, E. M. & Romach, M. K. Pharmacotherapy of alcohol and drug problems, Drug Alcohol Rev I99x;

Advances in Pharmacological Treatment of Alcohol Dependence

2004

In last two decades, one has witnessed the rapid progress of biological undcrstanding of addiction especially in the field of alcohol research. This has led to significant impact on the development of newer pharmacological agents. The efficacy of deterrent agents i.e. disulfiram has been criticised in the literature and alos not popular among users because of its interactioons, doubtful long-term efficacy etc. Currently two new drugs acting on different neurochemical system i.e. one in opioid and other in glutamate, has been recently introduced in marked in various countries including India. These two agents has showed equal efficacy in different drug trails. Apart from these, drugs acting on serotonin and dopamine receptors have shown some inconsistent beneficial effects. Despite these developments, much remains to be lamed about pharmacotherapy of alcoholism. Issues like optimum duration of 'treatment, effect o f conlbination thcrapy, influence of sex, race, culture and role o...

Novel Pharmacological Interventions for Alcoholism

1992

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PHARMACOTHERAPIES FOR ALCOHOL ABUSE

Medical Clinics of North America, 1997

Approximately 11 to 15 million persons in the United States report current heavy use of alcohol or alcohol abuse and dependence, costing almost $100 billion each year.47, 58 and 113 Almost one half of these persons meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) criteria for alcohol dependence, and almost 400,000 persons are in treatment for alcoholism at any one time. 4, 47 and 107 The lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse is 14% and of alcohol dependence is 8%, and there are more than 1 million discharges with an alcohol-related diagnosis, mostly alcohol dependence, from U.S. short-stay hospitals each year. 37 and 129 The prevalence of alcohol use disorders is high in the general population and is higher in general hospitals and in outpatient medical practices. 21, 22, 23, 63 and 158Clearly, physicians are in frequent contact with persons with alcohol problems. Physicians have the opportunity to intervene in a variety of ways, including prevention, recognition of the diagnosis, brief intervention, appropriate referral, management of withdrawal, and relapse prevention. This article focuses on the pharmacologic management of alcohol withdrawal and dependence.

Pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2010

Alcohol is a commonly used psychoactive substance all over the world and responsible for a significant proportion of mortality and morbidity. The treatment of alcohol dependence consists of two phases, detoxification and rehabilitation. Pharmacotherapy is being investigated to enhance abstinence and prevent relapse and complement interventions at a psychosocial level. Alcohol activates dopamine in the nucleus accumbens and mediates positive reinforcement and reward. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have approved three medications, disulfiram, naltrexone and acamprosate for the treatment of alcohol dependence. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) particularly fluoxetine and citalopram have been evaluated. Buspirone and Ondansetron have also been tried for alcohol dependence. Combination of naltrexone and acamprosate has shown promising results. It is essential to develop clinically useful pharmacological treatments, which can be evaluated using large-scale clinical trials. Clinical trial methodologies to evaluate combination treatments and using medications along with psychosocial treatments are required.

Long Term Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder

Bengal Journal of Psychiatry, 2020

The psychopharmacology of alcohol dependence is today poised at interesting crossroads. Three major drugs Naltrexone, Disulfiram and Acamprosate have been tried and tested in various trials and have many meta-analyses each to support them. While Naltrexone may reduce craving, Acamprosate scores on cost effectiveness worldwide with Disulfiram being an alcohol deterrent drug. Studies support, refute and criticize the use of each of these drugs. Combining one or more of them is also a trend seen. The most important factor in efficacy has been the combination of psychosocial treatment with medication. In this article, we are going to discuss about long term pharmacological management of chronic alcoholism.