Epidemiological study of depression among population above 60 years in Visakhapatnam, India (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine, 2019
Introduction: India is presently undergoing demographic transition leading significant increase in elderly population. The advent of better health services and preventive care has raised life expectancy. Presently the population of elderly in India is 9.4% in 2017 which will rise to 19.1% in 2050. Elderly form a vulnerable group as they suffer from physical, psychological, economic, social and nutritional problems. These problems there by contribute to various disabilities. Prevalence of depression among elderly ranges from as low as 12.7% to as high as 60.0% from literature. The depression among the elderly often goes undetected and thus untreated which results in loneliness, social isolation, cognitive impairment, and decline in their ability to carry out the functional activities and thus compromises their quality of life. Determining the burden of depression among the elderly and to study various sociodemographic factors will facilitate formulating policies to plan better health care delivery services for them. Hence present study was planned with the objective to study the magnitude of depression and its socio demographic correlates among the elderly. Material and Methods: Present study was a cross sectional study conducted in elderly (≥60 Years) residing in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of one of the Government Medical College. Sample size calculated for the study was 290 and simple random sampling method was used for the data collection. Measurement was done using WHO Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) long form of 30 questions. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional ethical committee and consent was taken from participants. Data entry and analysis was done by using software Epi Info version 7.2 Results: The Magnitude of Depression among elderly was found to be 57.66% (Mild Depression 23.91%, Moderate Depression 19.06% and Severe Depression 14.69%). The various factors associated with depression were, female sex, low Socioeconomic status, and single/widowed/divorced, less physical activity, inadequate sleep and living alone. Conclusions: The high prevalence of depression observed among the elderly population suggests there is need for improvement in policies and guidelines for early screening, treatment and counselling of elderly for timely detection and treatment of depression at community level. Formation of social groups at community level and more emphasis on improvement of quality of life of the elderly.
Prevalence of Depression and Associated Risk Factors among
Background: Depression, the most common psychiatric disorder among the elderly, is not yet perceived as an important health problem in India, where few population-based studies have addressed this problem. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of depression and identify the associated risk factors in the elderly population. Materials and Methods: 3038 consenting elderly (>60 years old) rural and urban residents of both sexes from the fi eld practice areas were interviewed and examined in a cross-sectional study. Physical impairment in the subjects was assessed with the Everyday Abilities Scale for India (EASI), depression by the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and cognitive impairment by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed using Epi Info version-6 software. Statistical analysis included proportions, χ2-test, odds ratio, and its 95% confi dence interval. Multiple logistic regression was done using SPSS version 21. Results: The prevalence of depression in the study population was 8.9%. It was signifi cantly higher in urban residents, females, older elderly, nuclear families, in those living alone, those not working, illiterates, poor, functionally impaired, and cognitively impaired. In the multivariate analysis, unmarried/widowed status, unemployment, and illiteracy did not emerge as risk factors. Conclusions: Urban residence, female gender, higher age, nuclear family, poverty, and functional and cognitive impairment were found to be associated with depression even after controlling for other factors. Keywords: Cognitive impairment, Depression, Elderly, Functional impairment, Prevalence
SciDoc Publishers, 2020
Senior Citizen Elderly or old age consists of ages close to or exceeding the average life span of human beings. The limit of old age cannot be defined precisely because it does not have the same meaning in all societies by the middle of this century, there could be 100 million elderly people living in the India according to United Nations World population prospects report. Depression is the common psychiatric disorder among elderly. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of Depression among elderly in a rural population. Design of the study was a cross sectional study conducted among 600 elderly populations in rural community of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
Assessment of Risk Factors and Prevalence of Depression among Elderly Subjects in a Rural Community
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2018
Background: In the current scenario, worldwide there is increase in geriatric population in the society, among whom mental health is an imperative and neglected public health problem. World health Organization (WHO) state that some of the factors responsible for depression in age > 60 years include chronic degenerative diseases & disability, pain, fear, frustration, restriction of day to day activity, personality traits and genetic susceptibility. Objective: The objective of current study is to assess the prevalence of depression and identify associated risk factors for depression in the geriatric rural population. Material and Methods: It was a cross sectional study conducted in a rural community adjoining the Rural Health and Training Centre, comprising of 400 participants. The instrument employed to appraise the participants was World Health Organization Disability Assessment Scale II; following which statistical analysis was done by using chi square test of significance. Results: Of 400 participants interviewed, average age of the participants was 72.7 years. Prevalence of any episode of depression was 14%. Past history of depression was found in only 6% cases; while mild cognitive impairment was observed in 12% cases. Mean WHODAS score was 27.92 ± 13.7. Significant differences were observed in relation to their marital status, religion, type of family and socioeconomic status. Conclusion: We conclude that old age is associated with depression which necessitates it to be accurately and timely diagnosed ensuring proper care and support to elderly population with emphasis on geriatrics mental health care.
doi: 10.11648/j.ajpn.20140201.11 Factors associated with elderly depression among rural
2014
Abstract: Background: Depression is a chronic disorder, which often remains undiagnosed. There is a gross lack of evidence-based information about depressive illnesses among adult individuals from rural Bangladesh. Objective: The present study aimed to determine the factors that are associated with depressive illness but remain undiagnosed among rural healthy adult individuals. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Demographic Surveillance System area of rural Mirzapur sub-district, during April to September 2010. A total of 130 apparently healthy individuals [no history of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, hepatic (serum alanine transaminase; ALT) or renal (serum creatinine) dysfunction; diabetic mellitus (fasting blood sugar)] aged 40 years and above were randomly selected from the DSS database. Level of depression was assessed using 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Forty-two percent of the
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2016
Background: The world population has been experiencing significant ageing. With the increase in life expectancy, rapidly changing social and physical environment, breaking of traditional protective measures, increase in morbidity due to chronic non communicable disease will lead to increased psychological disorders like depression. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence of depression district and its relation to socio demographic factors of the elderly population.. Materials and methods: A Cross sectional community based study was undertaken for a period of six months (Jan-June 2014) in the villages of V. Kota and Shanthipuram mandals of Chittoor district in Andhra Pradesh state. Data was collected regarding socio-demographic profile, availing of old age pension, depression using GDS score & analyzed using SPSS software. Results: 418 elderly people were included in the study. The overall prevelance of depression was around 44.1%.Statistically significant association found between depression and socio demographic factors like aged more than 80 year, those who are separated/widowed and belonging to low socio economic status. Conclusions: higher prevalence of depression during later years of life, those who are separated, loss of spouse and belonging to lower socio economic status and these findings were statistically significant.
Background: Depression, the most common psychiatric disorder among the elderly, is not yet perceived as an important health problem in India, where few population-based studies have addressed this problem. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of depression and identify the associated risk factors in the elderly population. Materials and Methods: 3038 consenting elderly (>60 years old) rural and urban residents of both sexes from the fi eld practice areas were interviewed and examined in a cross-sectional study. Physical impairment in the subjects was assessed with the Everyday Abilities Scale for India (EASI), depression by the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and cognitive impairment by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed using Epi Info version-6 software. Statistical analysis included proportions, χ2-test, odds ratio, and its 95% confi dence interval. Multiple logistic regression was done using SPSS version 21. Results: The prevalence of depression in the study population was 8.9%. It was signifi cantly higher in urban residents, females, older elderly, nuclear families, in those living alone, those not working, illiterates, poor, functionally impaired, and cognitively impaired. In the multivariate analysis, unmarried/widowed status, unemployment, and illiteracy did not emerge as risk factors. Conclusions: Urban residence, female gender, higher age, nuclear family, poverty, and functional and cognitive impairment were found to be associated with depression even after controlling for other factors. Keywords: Cognitive impairment, Depression, Elderly, Functional impairment, Prevalence
Prevalence of Depression among Elderly in Rural South India
Objective: Depression is gaining a major attention in perspectives of public health problem. The present study aimed to survey the prevalence of depression among elderly in the Kancheepuram district, Tamilnadu, India. Further objectives were to find the relationship between Depression and Old age. Method: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study to assess the depression level among elderly in Kancheepuram district of Tamilnadu, India. The simple random sampling method was used for selecting the research participants. A short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale consists of 15 questions was used as a tool for measuring their depression status. Based on the scoring criteria, level of the depression status was measured and categorized them as no depression, mild depression, moderate depression and severe depression. Results: A majority of the subjects were in the age group of 60 to 69 years (76.5%). The mean age of the participants was 66 years (mean ± SD: 66 ± 3.8).The prevalence of depression in the current study was 72%. There was a statistically significant relationship between age and depression. There was no significant relationship between gender and depression, as both genders had depression approximately closer to each other. There is a negative association between sleeping hours and depression score. As the sleeping hours reduces, the depression score of the individual increases. Conclusion: Thus the present study aimed to find the prevalence of depression among elderly in rural population of Tamilnadu, India. Increased age and sleeping hours are the major determinants of depression.
Prevalence of depression among elderly population in rural South India
International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health
Background: Depression among elderly is the commonest psychiatric disorder however it is commonly misdiagnosed and under treated. Most of the time it is considered as part of aging process rather than a treatable condition. Diagnosing depression in the elderly is often difficult as a result of presence of cognitive impairment as well as reluctance and denial by the elderly and their family members. Objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression among elderly rural population in South India. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 2 months among 575 elderly people aged 60 years and above in the rural field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in south India using a pre validated Geriatric Depression Scale. Data entered and analysed using MS Excel.Results: 77.56% of the study participants were found to be depressed. Among them 74.66% were mild depressive and 25.34% had severe depression. Depression was common in elderl...