Economics of Smallholder Fish Farming to Poverty Alleviation in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria (original) (raw)
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This paper examines problems and prospects of small-scale fish farming in Minna Agricultural Zone of Niger state, Nigeria, and its implications on increased fish food security. Both primary and secondary data were used to collect data. The main instrument used for collecting primary data was structured questionnaire. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed in selecting 65 fish farmers drawn from the sampling frame obtained from Agricultural Development Project (ADP) contact farmers in two local government areas, namely Bosso and Chanchaga LGAs’ respectively. It utilized descriptive statistics in data analysis. Results obtained revealed a High literacy level (95.4%) which is adequately enough to support information on technology use. Results further revealed that the major constraints encountered by the farmers are scarcity of quality brooding stocks (26%); paucity of capital (19%) and high costs of feeds (17%). Lesser perceived problems are high labour costs; poor storage facilities and mortality rate due to diseases. Prospects of fish food security could be enhanced by tailoring policies towards the setting up of commercial pelleted and floating catfish feed mill and modern hatcheries in the State, the provision of adequate infrastructure, cheap and available credit facilities and expansion of extension services. These would go a long way to solving the most serious constraints to small-scale fish production in the study area. Therefore, it recommended government participation in fish farming to boost the quantity of fish available for consumption.
Poverty Reduction Potential of Fish Farming in Ondo State, Nigeria
2016
The study examined fish farming business and its capability to reduce poverty and invariably foster wealth creation in Akure South and Owo Local Government Areas of Ondo State, Nigeria. A multi stage sampling technique was used to select 100 fish farmers for the study during the 2013 production season. Data obtained were analysed using net farm income model, descriptive statistics, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke poverty technique and expenditure approach of determining poverty line value. The result of the study revealed that fish farming was profitable in the study areas with a net farm income of N2423.37/m 2 being realised at the end of the production cycle. The study also revealed a poverty line value of N461.89/day among the fish farmers which is higher than the one dollar a day benchmark of the World Bank. Other results showed that poverty depth among fish farmers was 9% while poverty severity was 2%. It is recommended that fish farmers need to be trained on how to produce fish feed in order to reduce the cost of feeding fish, make maximum profit from their investment in fish farming which can significantly lead to poverty reduction. Also, lending institution should be encouraged by the government through measures like reduced bank rate, lower reserve ratio, selective credit policies etc to grant loan to practicing fish farmers at a reduced interest rate so as to enable them to expand their scale of fish production and thereby boost domestic production of fish.
Constraints to small-scale fish farming in Delta State, Nigeria
This study ascertained the constraints to small-scale fish farming in Delta State of Nigeria. Data were obtained through questionnaire, personal interview and observations from 75 respondents. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used to analyse the data. The constraints to fish farming in Delta State included poaching, high cost of inputs, lack of credit facilities, inadequate extension services, pollution, high cost of equipment and ecological problems like overflooding. The innovations adopted mostly by the respondents included fish breeding technique, feed formulation technique, fast growing exotic/hybrids and ecological disaster management/prevention. Others were pollution management, smoking equipment and brood stock selection technique. The chi-square analysis showed that a significant relationship exists between innovation adoption and the constraints to fish farming but did not show that the years of experience of the farmers have significant relationship with the constraints. The study recommended among others that the small–scale farmers should be encouraged and guided to form a cooperative society
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF SMALL-SCALE FISH FARMING IN NIGERIA
2019
Fish is an important source of food, income, employment, and recreation for people around the world and it is a very important source of animal protein for both man and livestock in developed and developing countries. In Nigeria, the current demand for fish is about four times the level of local production. Humans consume approximately 80 percent of the catch as food. The remaining 20 percent goes into the manufacturing of products such as fish oil, fertilizers, and animal food. Small scale fish farming is an integral part of agriculture which was found to have the capacity to increase the country's GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and can solve the unemployment problem for our teeming youths if adequately managed and practiced. Therefore, this paper reviewed the status of small-scale fish farming in Nigeria, its problems and prospects.
This study assessed the socioeconomic analysis of fish farming in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 222 fish farmers from all the four agricultural zones in the state. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and profitability ratios. The study revealed that the mean age, household size and fish farming experience were 46 years, 6 persons per household and 9.3 years respectively. The result of the budgetary analysis show that average total cost (TC) of N 2,883, 515.08 was incurred, total revenue (TR) of N 4,873,521.29 was realized and a returning gross margin (GM) of N 2,376,616.36. The profitability ratio gave a benefit-cost ratio of 1.69, rate of return of 0.69 gross revenue ratio (GRR) of 0.59 and expense structure ratio (ESR) of 0.15. This is an indication that fish farming is profitable in the study area. Constraints perceived by most of the farmers include high cost of fish feed and market price fluctuation. Significant level of profit obtained from the study is evidence that it has the potential in alleviating household poverty in the country thus; government should provide credit facilities with small interest rate to fish farmers. Abstract-This study assessed the socioeconomic analysis of fish farming in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used to select 222 fish farmers from all the four agricultural zones in the state. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and profitability ratios. The study revealed that the mean age, household size and fish farming experience were 46 years, 6 persons per household and 9.3 years respectively. The result of the budgetary analysis show that average total cost (TC) of N 2,883, 515.08 was incurred, total revenue (TR) of N 4,873,521.29 was realized and a returning gross margin (GM) of N 2,376,616.36. The profitability ratio gave a benefit-cost ratio of 1.69, rate of return of 0.69 gross revenue ratio (GRR) of 0.59 and expense structure ratio (ESR) of 0.15. This is an indication that fish farming is profitable in the study area. Constraints perceived by most of the farmers include high cost of fish feed and market price fluctuation. Significant level of profit obtained from the study is evidence that it has the potential in alleviating household poverty in the country thus; government should provide credit facilities with small interest rate to fish farmers.
Profitability Analysis of Small-Scale Fish Production in Zangon-Kataf Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria, 2021
The research looked into the viability of small-scale fish farming in Kaduna State, Nigeria. The specific goals were to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of small-scale fish farmers, determine the profitability of small-scale fish farming in the study area, determine the relationship between inputs used and quantities of fish harvested, and identify the constraints militating against small-scale fish farming in the study area. Samples were selected using multi-stage sampling techniques, and 60 farmers were chosen at random. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data, which was then analysed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and multiple regression models. The results of socioeconomic characteristics revealed that the majority of fish farmers (68%) were male, married (71.7%), well-educated, and between the ages of 31 and 50. (53.4%). Furthermore, the vast majority of fish farmers (88.4%) worked in occupations other than fish production. Small-scale fish production was profitable and worthwhile, with a gross margin of ₦6,407.83 ($170.33) per production cycle and a return on investment of 0.73. The linear regression results showed that the number of fingerlings stocked, the amount of feed fed, and the frequency of water changes all have a significant influence on the quantity of fish harvested at p≤0.01, p≤0.05, and p≤0.05, respectively. The most significant constraints working against small-scale fish production in the study area were the high cost of feeds and the inadequacy of fingerlings. The study suggests that farmers be trained in feed formulation in order to reduce production costs, and that individuals, firms, and other stakeholders investigate the enterprise of fingerlings production and marketing in order to increase profit and make fingerlings available to small scale fish farmers in the study area.
Assessment of fish farmers' livelihood and poverty status in Delta State, Nigeria
Despite the potentials of Nigeria in fish production, domestic fish production has failed to meet the national demand, making Nigeria a net importer of fish. Hence, this study assessed the livelihood and poverty status of fish farmers in Delta State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 90 fish farmers across the State. Data were elicited through questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and poverty gap indices measures. Respondents' mean age was 42 years; with average household size of 5 people; 83% were literate; with 17 years of fishing experience. This indicates that fish farmers in the area were young, literate and experienced. Thus, they could withstand the drudgery and risk of the venture. It was observed that 42% of the farmers lived in rented apartments while 26% occupied their own apartments of single rooms (73%), with iron sheet roof (62%), floored with cement concrete (81%). The major source of water was borehole hand pump; with farmers using unauthorized refuse heaps and covered pit latrines. Farmers' annual income averaged N137,500 (881.41 USD) which is below the annual minimum income of an average Nigerian. Poverty index was 0.867, resulting to a poverty gap index of 0.629, implying high poverty incidence. Major constraints identified were insufficient fund, fluctuation in market prices and fish spoilage. It is recommended that soft loans should be granted to fish farmers on time; canning and processing industries should be established in the area; adequately funded extension agents should be deployed to the study area.
2020
The study was on economic analysis of fish farming in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. It determined the factors affecting fish farming, estimated gross margin of fish farms and examined the costs and returns relationship of fish farming in the study area. The study utilized a two stage sampling technique to select 36 fish farms in Calabar. The study revealed that the major constraints affecting increased level of output in the study area were high cost of inputs, lack of adequate finance, access to credit facilities, security and farm labour problems. Fish farming in the study area is profitable as majority of the farmers made a gross margin of N400, 000-N700, 000 per annum. It was also discovered that the amount spent on stocking accounted for 37.27% of the running cost, followed by amount spent on water (30.21%), feeding (16.51%) and labour (14.84%). Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Cob-Douglas equation was chosen to be the lead equation because of s...
PROFITABILITY OF SMALL SCALE FISH FARMING IN MINNA AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF NIGER STATE IN NIGERIA
The results revealed that there was a high literacy level among sample farmers (95.4 percent) which is enough to support information on technology use. On an average total cost of N403139 was incurred while total revenue of N631316 was realized with a gross margin of N356906 and net income of N228177 per hectare per annum. The rate of return on investment of 0.56 implies that for every one naira invested, a return of N1.56 and a profit of N0.56 were obtained with production efficiency index of 1.56 reaffirming the ingenuity of the considerable level of profitability achieved in the enterprise. This showed that fish production in the study area was economically rewarding and profitable. It is capable of creating employment, augmenting income and improving the standards of living of the people. The government participation in fish farming is solicited to boost the quantity of fish available for consumption.
Assessment of Socio-Economic Analysis of Fish Farming in Oyo State, Nigeria
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research, 2013
This study assessed the socioeconomic analysis of fish farming in Oyo State, Nigeria. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select 222 fish farmers from all the four agricultural zones in the state. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and profitability ratios. The study revealed that the mean age, household size and fish farming experience were 46 years, 6 persons per household and 9.3 years respectively. The result of the budgetary analysis show that average total cost (TC) of N 2,883, 515.08 was incurred, total revenue (TR) of N 4,873,521.29 was realized and a returning gross margin (GM) of N 2,376,616.36. The profitability ratio gave a benefit-cost ratio of 1.69, rate of return of 0.69 gross revenue ratio (GRR) of 0.59 and expense structure ratio (ESR) of 0.15. This is an indication that fish farming is profitable in the study area. Constraints perceived by most of the farmers include high cost of fish feed and market price fluctuation. Significant level of profit obtained from the study is evidence that it has the potential in alleviating household poverty in the country thus; government should provide credit facilities with small interest rate to fish farmers.