FIMCAR – Frontal Impact and Compatibility Assessment Research: Strategy and First Results for Future Frontal Impact Assessment (original) (raw)
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FIMCAR–Frontal Impact and Compatibility Assessment Research: How to Test Self and Partner Protection
Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2012
For the assessment of vehicle safety in frontal collisions, the crash compatibility between the colliding vehicles is crucial. Compatibility compromises both the self protection and the partner protection properties of vehicles. For the accident data analysis, the CCIS (GB) and GIDAS (DE) in-depth data bases were used. Selection criteria were frontal car accidents with car in compliance with ECE R94. For this study belted adult occupants in the front seats sustaining MAIS 2+ injuries were studied. Following this analysis FIMCAR concluded that the following compatibility issues are relevant: • Poor structural interaction (especially low overlap and over/underriding) • Compartment strength • Frontal force mismatch with lower priority than poor structural interaction In addition injuries arising from the acceleration loading of the occupant are present in a significant portion of frontal crashes. Based on the findings of the accident analysis the aims that shall be addressed by the proposed assessment approach were defined and priorities were allocated to them. The aims and priorities shall help to decide on suitable test procedures and appropriate metrics. In general it is anticipated that a full overlap and offset test procedure is the most appropriate set of tests to assess a vehicle's frontal impact self and partner protection.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2003
Compatibility is now generally recognized as the next big step forwards for car occupant secondary safety. The work performed to date has focused on the structural performance of vehicles, with the aim of providing a safe environment for the protection of the occupants in which intelligent restraint systems of the future could operate. This paper outlines the present understanding of compatibility for frontal impact collisions and reports the current state of development of three possible test procedures to address the fundamental issues, namely structural interaction, frontal stiffness matching and passenger compartment strength. Recent advances in the development of a deformable barrier face for the full-width test to assess structural interaction, using high-resolution load cell wall measurements, are described. Analysis of the load cell wall data collected in EuroNCAP tests, to address the frontal stiffness problem, is reported together with initial work to investigate the repea...
Compatibility requirements for cars in frontal and side impact
1998
In support of the European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee (EEVC) research programme and through it, the International Harmonisation of Research Activities work on compatibility, TRL is investigating the compatibility of cars in frontal and side impact scenarios. Initial research has focused on identifying the major factors which influence compatibility and determining the extent to which they might influence injury outcome. Experimental crash test research is backed with Finite Element simulation modelling. For frontal impacts, full scale testing has been used to examine the influence of vehicle mass, stiffness, structural interaction and geometry. The modelling work has studied how non contact, deceleration related injuries might be minimised by optimising the deceleration pulse. For side impact, full car finite element models have been used for parametric studies to aid our understanding of the effects of the bullet vehicle mass, geometry and stiffness and to help predict more ...
The Essential Requirements for Compatible Cars in Frontal Collisions
The work reported here forms part of a research project that is being undertaken to further the understanding of compatibility in car to car collisions and develop crash evaluation procedures that are suitable for consumer and legislative testing. For frontal impact, full scale crash testing, accident analysis case studies and supportive finite element modelling studies have been used to identify the major factors that influence compatibility. One result is that the geometrical interaction of car structures has a large effect and it is now believed that obtaining good structural interaction is an essential prerequisite for frontal impact compatibility. Having achieved this, the next step is to control the global stiffness of the cars to ensure that they are able to absorb the collision energy, with minimal occupant compartment intrusion, without compromising the vehicle's deceleration pulse profile. Frontal impact evaluation procedures are being developed, which use load cell wa...
INJURY PATTERNS AND EFFECTIVE COUNTERMEASURES FOR VEHICLE COLLISION COMPATIBILITY
This paper examines the NASS-CDS statistics to identify the significant parameters associated with injuries in LTV to car frontal collisions. These parameters of interest are the ∆V of the colliding vehicles, the direction of impact as well as any underride of the smaller vehicle. It is observed that the cumulative ∆V curve of car occupants in frontal towaway collisions with LTVs becomes asymptotic at 30 miles per hour and that over 97% of those car occupants are in cars with a ∆V of 35 mph or less. The relationship of injuries with the reported underride in the NASS database is more complex and in several ∆V ranges, the presence of under-ride is related to a lower risk of injuries. Based on these findings, evaluations of compatibility improvement are conducted for frontal impact between an LTV and a small car at approximate ∆V of 35 mph and intrusion levels are calculated for the struck car. It is concluded from the data presented here that lowering the height of LTVs to increase the vertical overlap with a smaller vehicle may, in many cases, increase the intrusion levels in the smaller vehicle as well as increase the crash energy in the smaller vehicle. The addition of a secondary structure to LTVs for the purpose of increasing structural interaction is also investigated and it is shown that the effect of this in the studied cases is to reduce the calculated intrusion in the smaller vehicle.
Evaluation of Tools & Techniques used for Frontal Crash Analysis
2015
Frontal and side crashes causes the severe injury to the occupants and damage to the components. The objective of this study is to evaluate various tools and techniques used for analysis of dynamic response of vehicle occupants and automobile components during frontal and side impact. Crash simulation is a virtual recreation of a destructive crash test of a vehicle and its components using a computer aided analysis software in order to examine the level of safety of the vehicle and its occupants. CAD software are generally used for modeling of the vehicle components, this CAD data is transferred to an FEM software for pre-processing, solving and post-processing followed by interpretation of results related to energies, acceleration and displacements with different loads & boundary conditions possible in various accidental situations. Simulation software like LSDYNA, Pamcrash, Abaqus-Explicit and others are used to perform crash simulations. Multibody analyses have been applied exten...
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2020
Many fatalities and injuries were caused by slow speed impacts at 15 to 30 mph. The occupants were injured by either falling out of the car or bumping into the vehicle and hitting something in front of occupant when they suddenly stopped after flat frontal collision. In most cases, M1 class vehicles carried passengers at high speed. There are many active safety systems in this vehicle such as brakes, lights, horns etc. to avoid accidents. In the event of an accident, the improved passive safety system helps reduce injuries and protect the occupants from the injuries. It has been determined that restraining the occupants of the seat will prevent this "second impact": People who hit the inside of the car after the car hits an obstacle. During the vehicle collision, the kinetic energy of the vehicle is converted into the internal energy of the vehicle by the shape of the vehicle deformation. The vehicle structure deforms and absorbs energy. Therefore, this transformation is effective and should not spread to the cockpit area. In addition, steering wheel displacements, dash panel and pedal intrusions should be too small to reduce the risk of injury to the occupants. In this research, flat frontal collision was used as the collision condition. To improve the passive safety of the vehicle, several frontal collision enablers have been introduced. This developments will helps to reduce the occupant's injury level and increases the safety points during crash testing. Also, this report shows a comparison with base vehicle and after enablers added vehicle results.
2015
Crash tests play a vital role in the design and development of new vehicles to ensure customer safety. The results obtained from the test programs such as the ones from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) are useful for further development of vehicles pertaining to consumer safety. The new and latest oblique offset and small overlap crash tests represent more realistic configurations of the frontal car impact accidents compared to earlier version of standards. In this study, finite element (FE) models of a family sedan car impact surroundings are utilized to reconstruct the tests. The objective of this study is to utilize computational modeling and analysis techniques to assess the performance of a typical sedan car per new small overlap frontal crash test and oblique offset tests, and to compare the results with the original rigid barrier impact crash test in terms of physical intrusion of the vehicle body parts and examining the corresponding potential injur...
2015
Crash tests play a vital role in the design and development of new vehicles to ensure customer safety. The results obtained from the test programs such as the ones from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) are useful for further development of vehicles pertaining to consumer safety. The new and latest oblique offset and small overlap crash tests represent more realistic configurations of the frontal car impact accidents compared to earlier version of standards. In this study, finite element (FE) models of a family sedan car impact surroundings are utilized to reconstruct the tests. The objective of this study is to utilize computational modeling and analysis techniques to assess the performance of a typical sedan car per new small overlap frontal crash test and oblique offset tests, and to compare the results with the original rigid barrier impact crash test in terms of physical intrusion of the vehicle body parts and examining the corresponding potential injur...