Evolution of New Zealand's fisheries management frameworks to prevent overfishing (original) (raw)
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Targets and Limits for Long Term Fisheries Management
2015
The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) concept and its associated targets and limits have risen to become a core guideline for policy while it was developed and first implemented at a time, when both fisheries science and fisheries policy were embedded in understandings of nature and society which were very different from those industry stakeholders, civil society, policy makers and scientists deal with today. The presentation will discuss the tensions which arise when concepts, policies an institutions with different historical roots and representing different interests are brought together to find practical solutions to targets and limits in today's policy landscape. On this basis, key shortcomings of some current fisheries management institutions will be identified and potential remedies discussed. The presentation will close with a discussion of the responsibilities of marine scientists as agents for change of practical management in their roles as scientists and as advisers.
Aquatic Living …, 2009
This review aims at comparing the fisheries management systems existing in New Zealand and in the European Union. The involvement of stakeholders at all stages of the management process is generally more transparent and better established in New Zealand than in the EU. Both systems aim at achieving an adequate balance between sustainability and utilisation and consider the precautionary approach as a founding principle. The social objectives are probably more explicit in the EU management system. In New Zealand, BMSY is a legal management target for all stocks in the quota management system (QMS), but management strategies were poorly explicit until most recently. In the EU, there have not been any legal management targets or strategies until 1999. Since 1999, a number of multi-annual recovery and management plans have been established, including both management targets and strategies. Both management systems include conservation and access regulation measures. The EU management measures aim at regulating fisheries outputs and inputs, and discarding is tolerated. New Zealand management is almost exclusively output-based, and discarding practices are banned. In the EU, while individual quotas (IQs) are implicit in several countries, there is no consistent pattern across Member States for allocating TACs. In New Zealand, individual transferable quotas (ITQs) are implemented, and some flexibility in catch-quota balancing is provided by a carry-over allowance and the payment of a landing tax, the deemed value, for every fish landed above quota. If rights-based management were introduced in the EU based on, e.g., the New Zealand model, we suggest that concentration rules be set in accordance with the social objectives of the Common Fisheries Policy, and also that the deemed value should be set based on science and economics.
Experience in implementing harvest strategies in Australia's south-eastern fisheries
Fisheries Research, 2008
The Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery (SESSF) is a complex multi-species fishery, with 34 stock units under quota management, for which a harvest strategy framework was developed in 2005. The framework involves the application of a set of tier-based harvest control rules (HCR) designed to provide a precautionary approach to management. The harvest strategy framework has been applied from 2005 to 2007, resulting in substantial reductions in quotas across the fishery. The experience in implementing the framework, both positive and negative, is described, and general lessons are drawn. Key lessons include the importance of formally testing such strategies using management strategy evaluation, the impact of external management drivers on implementation of the approach, the need to define strategies for setting "bycatch quotas" in multi-species fisheries, and the need for flexibility and pragmatism in the early stages of implementing such an approach.
The year 2006 marked the twentieth anniversary of the introduction of the Quota Management System (QMS) in New Zealand fisheries management. This major institutional change made individual transferable quota (ITQ) the quantitative authority for commercial fisheries catches, leading structural change and economic development to transform the New Zealand fishing industry into a prosperous and major contributor to the national economy. In addition to being a significant anniversary for the QMS, last year also saw significant development of a new objectives-based co-management framework by the Ministry of Fisheries. Created to build on the strengths of the QMS, the new approach seeks to establish a hierarchy of specified objectives for fisheries management from overall statements of desired outcomes through to detailed standards for processes and management performance explicitly linked through stated intervention logic. Working to this set of objectives and standards, an agency-fac...
The evolution of New Zealand's fisheries science and management systems under ITQs†
ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2013
Mace, P. M., Sullivan, K. J., and Cryer, M. 2014. The evolution of New Zealand's fisheries science and management systems under ITQs. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 204–215. New Zealand implemented a comprehensive management system using individual transferable quotas in 1986 that has been instrumental in guiding the roles, responsibilities, and accountabilities of fisheries science, fisheries management, and the fishing industry ever since. However, at the time of the initial design, a number of issues were not adequately considered. These relate mainly to the dynamic nature of fish stocks, multispecies considerations, and environmental and other externalities. Subsequent efforts to address these issues have been challenging and many are not yet fully resolved. The outcomes for fisheries science, stock status, multispecies management, ecosystem effects, and fishing industry accountability have been mixed, although mostly positive. Fisheries science, fisheries management,...
A framework for managing fisheries with multiple economic, ecosystem and social objectives
2015
The maximum sustainable yield (MSY) concept and its associated targets and limits have risen to become a core guideline for policy while it was developed and first implemented at a time, when both fisheries science and fisheries policy were embedded in understandings of nature and society which were very different from those industry stakeholders, civil society, policy makers and scientists deal with today. The presentation will discuss the tensions which arise when concepts, policies an institutions with different historical roots and representing different interests are brought together to find practical solutions to targets and limits in today's policy landscape. On this basis, key shortcomings of some current fisheries management institutions will be identified and potential remedies discussed. The presentation will close with a discussion of the responsibilities of marine scientists as agents for change of practical management in their roles as scientists and as advisers.
A Portfolio Approach for the New Zealand Multi-Species Fisheries Management
2008 Conference, August 28- …, 2008
Marine species are reproducible resource. Maintaining the stock level of marine species and the sustainability of fisheries development become critical issues in current scientific research areas due to the explosion of human population and exacerbation of natural environment. The traditional method that protects the marine species is the single species approach which set maximum sustainable yield (MSY) to prevent over-harvest. However, with the development of technology and comprehension of marine science, the single species approach has been found obsolete and incapable of dealing with problems of severe depletion of fish stocks and escalation of fisheries confliction. Studies show that when regulations are species specific and species are part of a multi-species fisheries, the catch levels of different species are correlated which result in correlation of net return from each species. This paper employ financial portfolio into fisheries, treat fish stocks as assets, model the fishers' behaviour who face multiple targeting options to predict the optimal targeting strategies. This methodology is applied to New Zealand fisheries that are managed in Quota Management System (QMS) introduced in 1986. Species considered in this research are selected carefully based on two criteria. Efficient riskreturn frontier will be generated that provides a combination of optimal strategies.