Host factors related to fruit rot of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) caused by Botrytis cinerea (original) (raw)
Related papers
Acta Horticulturae, 2015
Brown rot and grey mould cause significant losses in sweet cherry due to rot of fruit at harvest, particularly in wet years. Studies in a Tasmanian orchard found that Botrytis cinerea was associated with 95% of fruit which was symptomatic at harvest, while Monilinia spp. were not detected. Total rot at harvest varied significantly with cherry cultivar. To determine how disease develops during the season, samples of fruit from two cultivars ('Simone' and 'Regina') were obtained fortnightly over a 53 day period prior to commercial harvest and expression of "latent" non-symptomatic infections was induced. While incidence increased towards harvest, this study showed that a substantial amount of infection had already occurred prior to 53 days before harvest. To quantify how fruit susceptibility to infection changes over time, a controlled incubation experiment was conducted which showed that infection risk increases with time and the odds of infection was quantified for three different cultivars and three pathogens. This information will form a basis for development of grower tools to guide decision-making about infection risk.
Epidemiological Studies of Brown Rot in Spanish Cherry Orchards in the Jerte Valley
Journal of Fungi
Cherry brown rot caused by Monilinialaxa was observed and estimated in organic cherry orchard located in the Jerte Valley between 2013 and 2018 (Cáceres, Spain). Climatic variables were collected from this orchard and also from a nearby weather station. The primary inoculum of the pathogen recorded in March was detected in overwintered mummified fruits, ground mummies, and necrotic twigs and was a function of the average temperature of the previous three months (December, January, and February). The first symptoms of brown rot could be observed on flowers until fruit set in April. The months of March and April were identified as the critical period for cherry brown-rot development. A significant positive correlation was identified between brown rot observed at harvest and the mean number of consecutive days in each fortnight of March and April when the percent relative humidity was above 80%. Brown-rot incidence observed over the 6 years ranged from 0 to 38%. More than 11 days with ...
Occurrence of postharvest gray mold rot of sweet cherry due to Botrytis cinerea in Korea
In May 2016, we observed gray mold rot symptoms on harvested and refrigerated cherry fruit in Gangneung, Gangwon Province, Korea. The symptoms included extensive growth of mycelia with gray conidia on infected fruit. We isolated the pathogen from infected fruit and cultured the fungus on potato dextrose agar. For identification of the fungus, we examined its morphology and rDNA sequence and confirmed its pathogenicity according to Koch's postulates. The results of morphological examinations, pathogenicity tests, and rDNA sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 4, and three nuclear protein-coding genes, glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, heat shock protein 60 gene, and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase subunit II gene revealed that the causal agent was Botrytis cinerea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of postharvest gray mold rot of sweet cherry in Korea.
Postharvest biology and …, 2003
Fifty-one endophytic isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans were obtained from the flesh of sweet cherries and extensively screened to evaluate their biocontrol activity against postharvest rots of sweet cherries and table grapes. Preliminary analysis of all isolates by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with three different primers showed the presence of a high genetic variability and enabled isolates not showing any genetic difference to be discarded. Thirty-five isolates with different RAPD electrophoresis patterns had a wide range of biocontrol activity against Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia laxa on single-wounded berries of sweet cherries and table grapes with a reduction of decay from 10 to 100%. Two isolates (533 and 547) significantly reduced B. cinerea on table grape berries also when applied 6, 12, and 24 h after the pathogen inoculation. In a 2-year period of investigation (1998 Á/1999), a reduction of total rots ranging from 32 to 80% (sweet cherries) and from 59 to 64% (table grape) was achieved with isolates 533 and 547 applied after harvest. Preharvest applications of isolate 547 significantly reduced postharvest rots of sweet cherries and table grapes by 47 and 38%, respectively. On the whole, isolates 533 and 547 were more effective than A. pullulans L47, a biocontrol agent of postharvest diseases with a known activity. Population studies demonstrated that isolate 547 was able to survive under field conditions, to increase its population during cold storage, and to penetrate the flesh of sweet cherries when applied during flowering. #
Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2019
Powdery mildew of sweet cherry in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) is caused by Podosphaera clandestina, which infects fruit and leaves. Disease symptoms are commonly observed near harvest and such infections are a major concern for offshore cherry markets due to the possibility of diseased cherries providing inoculum to establish the pathogen in a region where P. clandestina has not been reported. The present study was designed to identify periods at which fruit infections are most severe and to determine the efficacy of PNW's industry postharvest handling practices on the survival of P. clandestina conidia on diseased fruit surfaces. Morphological characteristics and next-generation sequencing (NGS) platform was used to identify the causal agent of foliar and fruit powdery mildew found in the PNW. We combined qPCR and, the use of a viability dye, propidium monoazide (PMA), to differentiate between viable and dead (membrane-compromised) conidia. These tools helped to determine the viability of conidia in real-time. Conidia on the fruit surface naturally lost their viability within a few days of harvest. Postharvest treatments in the PNW include hydrocooling with chlorinated water and methyl bromide fumigation prior to export. These practices were extremely effective in deactivating all conidia on the fruit surface. The residual conidia recovered from the fruit surface after the postharvest treatments failed to establish consistent powdery mildew colonies on the susceptible host leaves; this confirms that diseased, treated cherries are unlikely to serve as a source of inoculum needed to establish the pathogen areas where it has not been documented. After postharvest treatments, regular sampling of conidia up to three weeks after harvest indicated that the conidia were non-viable. Results of this study indicated that the sweet cherry postharvest handling procedures in the PNW are effective for the elimination of the potential sources of P. clandestina inoculum associated with cherry fruit.
Foods
The pre and postharvest disease named ‘aqueous spot’ is an emerging risk for sweet cherries growing in Jerte Valley (Cáceres, Spain). Early stages of the disease appear in the tree, but it is usually detected after harvesting, during the postharvest period. Symptoms include the appearance of skin discolouration and translucency in the shoulder areas. At the most advanced stages, a mycelium of white colour partially or completely covers the fruit. This manuscript provides a detailed description of the microbes involved in this disease, such as bacteria, yeasts, and moulds. Microbes of different cherry cultivars were studied during two consecutive seasons (2019 and 2020). The counts of bacteria and yeast in damaged tissues were higher (7.05 and 6.38 log10 CFU/g for total aerobic mesophilic microbes and yeasts, respectively) than sound tissues (6.08 and 5.19 log10 CFU/g, respectively). The Enterobacterales order dominated the bacteria population. Among yeasts, Yarrowia lipolytica, in 2...
Plant Disease, 2011
The incidence of pathogens associated with postharvest fruit rots on the four most extensively cultivated apple cultivars (Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, and Fuji) in Greece was surveyed during two consecutive storage periods (2008–09 and 2009–10) in five packinghouses located in northern Greece. The fungi isolated were identified based on their morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer gene sequencing. In the four cultivars sampled, Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea were the predominant pathogens, accounting for averages of 44.2 and 23.6%, respectively, of the pathogens isolated from the sampled fruit. Two other important rot pathogens were Alternaria tenuissima and Mucor pyriformis, accounting for 16.1 and 6.6%, respectively, of the diseased apple fruit. Other pathogens such as Monilinia laxa, M. fructigena, Botryosphaeria obtusa, Geotrichum candidum, Fusarium avenaceum, and F. proliferatum were isolated at low frequencies and are consid...
Frequency of brown rot fungi on blossoms and fruit in stone fruit orchards in Greece
Plant Pathology, 2014
Brown rot is a devastating disease of stone fruits caused by Monilinia spp. This study was conducted to investigate the disease aetiology on blossoms and fruit in peach, apricot, sweet cherry and plum orchards, in Greece. In total, 1433 isolates obtained from orchards located in the main stone fruit production regions of Greece were identified to species based on the presence/size of a cyt b intron. Monilinia laxa and M. fructicola were detected at frequencies of 59 and 41%, respectively, while M. fructigena was absent. Monilinia fructicola was more common on fruit whereas M. laxa occurred in similar frequency on blossoms and fruit. Monilinia laxa was replaced by M. fructicola in fruit infections of peach in both regions investigated and in fruit infections of plum in the Imathia region. Assessments of aggressiveness of 30 isolates of both species on the petals and fruits of the hosts showed that M. fructicola isolates were more aggressive. This suggests that the predominance of M. ...
The aim of the study was to extend the storage period and maintain the fruit quality of '0900 Ziraat' sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), which is extensively grown in Amasya province of Turkey, by precooling (no precooling, precooling with air and precooling with water) and by packaging with different materials (paper, cardboard or plastic). Cherry fruit were stored at 0 to 1°C and 90 to 95% RH after packing. Physiological disorders and fungal rots increased during storage, especially after the third week. Fungal rot and physiological disorder rates were 4% in the first week, 15% in the third and 28% in the fourth week of storage. The fungal rots of the fruits packed in plastic material were more extensive than in the other packages. Surface pitting was the predominant physiological disorder, whereas Alternaria spp. and Cladosporium spp. were the most prevalent fungal rot pathogens. Precooling applications reduced physiological disorders and fungal rots, particularly in the plastic packaging.