Building Regulation and Thermal Comfort: The Opening Typology Influence on Natural Cooling Inside Office Buildings in Maceió (original) (raw)
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ISVS e-journal, 2023
It is common knowledge that thermal comfort must be provided by all the office spaces to ensure work productivity. Usually, an HVAC system must work in a closed room so that cold air distribution works optimally. However, in the office room of Barru Regent's Tower building in Indonesia, gaps were found on the side of the room that might cause the cold air distribution to be wasted and not work optimally affecting the user's thermal discomfort conditions. This research examines this issue of thermal comfort in office buildings. The purpose of the research is to analyze thermal comfort conditions and influence of gap factors on the thermal conditions of an office room. It uses a quantitative approach. It generates objective data such as room temperature profile, wind speed, humidity and mean radiant temperature and subjective data such as activities and clothing. Objective analysis was obtained from the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) values through the Thermal Comfort Tool software by Center for Built Environment (CBE) and subjective analysis was obtained through a questionnaire administered with the users of the building. The results show that the office room does not comply with ASHRAE-55 comfort standards. However. the outcomes of the questionnaire show that 74% felt comfortable and after the room gap was closed, it increased to 77%. Several factors that cause it not to comply with ASHRAE-55 standards are less than optimal distribution of cold air and the influence of gaps on the sides of the room. The results of the research when all gaps on the sides of the room were closed showed that the temperature decreased by around 0.5 ˚C.
Sustainability, 2020
Natural ventilation through window openings is an inexpensive and effective solution to bring fresh air into internal spaces and improve indoor environmental conditions. This study attempts to address the "indoor air quality-thermal comfort" dilemma of naturally ventilated office buildings in the Mediterranean climate through the effective use of early window design. An experimental method of computational modelling and simulation was applied. The assessments of indoor carbon dioxide (CO 2) concentration and adaptive thermal comfort were performed using the British/European standard BS EN 15251:2007. The results indicate that when windows were opened, the first-floor zones were subjected to the highest CO 2 levels, especially the north-facing window in the winter and the south-facing window in the summer. For a fully glazed wall, a 10% window opening could provide all the office hours inside category I of CO 2 concentration. Such an achievement requires full and quarter window openings in the cases of 10% and 25% window-to-floor ratios (WFR), respectively. The findings of the European adaptive comfort showed that less than 50% of office hours appeared in category III with cross-ventilation. The concluding remarks and recommendations are presented.
Assessing the performance of the airflow window for ventilation and thermal comfort in office rooms
archives of thermodynamics, 2021
Abstract In the present study performance of an airflow window in removing contaminants as well as providing thermal comfort for the occupants was investigated. Both natural/mixed ventilation methods were studied and the full heating load as well as contaminant sources in the office rooms considered. Then, the local and average temperature, relative humidity, velocity as well as CO2 and dust concentration were extracted from simulation results and compared to criteria in international ventilation standards. It was found that except in the big room having 8 m×6 m flooring, natural ventilation from the airflow window can satisfy the thermal and relative humidity conditions in the international ventilation standard except for the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. However, the thermal comfort in the room which was measured by extended predicted mean vote could not be achieved when the window operates in the natural ventilation mode, even with a 0.4 m height opening in the small (3 m×4 m) room. Finally, results indicated that the airflow ventilation system installed in small and medium offices operation can provide indoor condition in the ventilation standard either in natural/mixed operation mode consuming less energy than the traditional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Besides, the airflow system not only was not able to provide thermal comfort condition in the big office but also its application was not economically feasible
Effect on Openings on the Thermal Comfort of Buildings
Design of buildings that takes advantage of the prevailing climate and natural energy resources, such as daylight, wind and thermal buoyancy, to achieve a comfortable environment while minimizing energy use and reliance on mechanical systems is the need for construction of buildings in today market. Hence in this project analytical investigation carried out using in Ansys to study the thermal comfort of buildings by various parameters like orientation, wind direction, shading etc.
Experimental Investigation of Ventilation Performance in a Mock-Up Open-Plan Office
The COPE study was designed to investigate the effect of open-plan office design on the indoor environment, and on the occupant satisfaction with that environment. One task of this study is to examine the effect of office design on indoor air quality, ventilation and thermal comfort conditions. As the air diffuser layout is rarely changed, some changes in office design, such as the size and number of workstations and the partition height, may have adverse effects on indoor air quality and ventilation. It is therefore necessary to determine the effects of such design options on the ventilation performance and the indoor air quality conditions within and around individual workstations of open-plan offices. Le projet PRAO a été conçu pour étudier l'effet de la conception des bureaux à aire ouverte sur l'environnement intérieur et sur la satisfaction des occupants vis-à-vis de cet environnement. L'un des objectifs particuliers de l'étude consistait à examiner l'effet...
The Influence of Legislation on the Indoor Thermal Comfort of Office Buildings
Energy consumption of buildings is an important concern of countries around the world. Various Brazilian legislations regulate certain elements of the construction's envelope to obtain such efficiency. To analyze the influence of this existing legislation in Porto Alegre, southern Brazil, on the thermal indoor comfort of office buildings, 12 architectonical elements are extracted from two existing and one future legislation in order to build a base model and its variations. Thermal simulations were executed regarding 5 different values for each element and 4 solar orientations for each of the simulated values. The methodology, tools and models are described in detail. The authors use the obtained results to show that the influence of the legislations' prescriptions on the thermal comfort is considerable and that the lack of definitions with respect to solar orientation and shading are allowing certain uncomfortable edification.
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Innovation in Education, Science and Culture, ICIESC 2022, 11 October 2022, Medan, Indonesia
Humans need certain room conditions that are considered comfortable to be able to work properly and productively. Comfortable room conditions include thermal comfort, visual comfort and audio comfort. This study discusses the condition of thermal comfort and its relationship with the building facade, in a case study of the 5th floor cubical room of the Universitas Negeri Medan digital library building. Data retrieval was carried out using quantitative methods, namely measuring temperature, air flow and humidity at 3 different times (morning, afternoon, and evening) in the cubical room on the 5th floor of the Universitas Negeri Medan digital library building. Then the field data was analyzed using Autodesk Vasari software to compare the measurement results with thermal comfort standards. The final output of the research is a facade design recommendation on the 5th floor cubical room of the Universitas Negeri Medan digital library which is expected to increase thermal comfort in the building.
Heat and Air Flow Behavior of Naturally Ventilated Offices in a Mediterranean Climate
Sustainability, 2018
Air changes per hour (ach) rates for windows of different sizes and opened in different ratios were studied to establish natural ventilation concepts in offices with a Mediterranean climate. Dynamic thermal simulations were carried out in EDSL Tas for whole year investigations of an office. The office lost 0.01 W of heat during the winter but gained 0.01 W of heat during the summer. Annual average heat gain was 2.4 W. The heat gain via an external opaque wall was 138.9 W during the winter and 227.3 W during the summer, with an annual average of 190.7 W. The heat gain via an external glass surface was 128.9 W during the winter and 191 W during the summer, with an annual average of 161.5 W. The office had an average of 170.0 ach during the winter and an average of 144.7 ach during the summer, with an annual average of 157.4. The maximum annual ach performance was 480.4 ach when the external wall was fully glazed and the window was fully open, and the minimum annual ach performance was 9.8 when only 10% of the external wall was glass and 20% of the window area was open.
Thermal Comfort of Colonial Office Building,Semarang Using Energyplus Simulation
2019
Many colonial office buildings are located in the Old City of Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia have a passive cooling system. These office buildings are characterized by high ceilings and roof angles, thick wall panel and normally used as a gallery under sun shading. The Djakarta Lloyd office room was selected to determine the correlation between the width of sun shading and percentage of wall opening toward thermal comfort parameters such as indoor air temperature and percentage difference of relative humidity. The calibration and validation graph of temperature versus time was conducted between data measured at site and computer simulation using Energy Plus program. The results showed that 3.6m width of sun shading and 40% of the wall opening is significant toward the indoor air temperature and percentage differences of relative humidity. Whereas, 0m together with 1.8m and 1.8m with 3.6m of width of sun shading and 10% together with 20% and 10% together 40% of wall opening were i...
Abstract From the results of research studies on the impact of the use of insulation in buildings, reducing solar radiation on buildings to improve indoor comfort by applying the Principles of radiation reduction in buildings naturally using insulation application that serves as an insulator against the building materials, use of thermal insulation in particular mounted on the roof of the building and the walls are located on second floor and the third floor Lauser office building, Calculate the cooling load for each room that was on second floor and the third floor based on the geographical location or position of the building, climate data, building material data , and the intensity of the spatial characteristics which include lighting, solar radiation, user activity and electrical appliances being used. The calculation is done with the help of Ecotech v.5, 2011. The location and position on the third floor of a building with a flat roof cast concrete, so that the heat absorbed by the platform, and two times greater than the amount of heat radiation is absorbed by the material in the direction of the light falling the sun is at an angle <30°C. The simulation results on the building with the addition of thermal insulation on all walls and the roof of the inside of the foam material ultrafolmadehid, without changing the model building and similar activities in accordance with the existing condition and the condition of the room using the air conditioner at a temperature of 18-26°C, indicating a decrease in cooling load signifinikan in any space reaches 40% of the total cooling load required on the lauser office building. Comparing the simulation results Ecotech temperature v.5 2011 with field measurements as a validation of the simulation results in order to achieve thermal comfort in buildings and can menggurangi use energy consumption in buildings and can be used as a reference in planning space-based conditioning systems energy efficient. Keywords: thermal insulation, thermal comfort, office building, insulator, cooling load