Feeding Practices by Mothers Having Children Under 6 Months of Age – A Community Based Study in Urban Slum Areas of Vadodara City (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Advanced Community Medicine
Introduction: Feeding practices in a community directly affect the nutritional status of infants. The current study was conducted with the objective of assessing the breast feeding practices and factors contributing to it in slums of Amritsar city. Materials and Method: It was a cross-sectional study conducted in a slum of Amritsar city. Mothers who have delivered within the past one year were taken as study subjects. Sample size of 235 was calculated. Mothers were interviewed by using predesigned, pretested proforma. Breast feeding practices were studied. Sociodemographic factors were studied in relation to breast feeding practices. The data was collected, compiled and analyzed by using SPSS evaluation version 19.0. Results: It was observed that 90.6% infants were put to the breast milk after birth. But inappropriate early neonatal feeding practices were common. Prelacteal feed in the form of honey, sugar water or saline water was given to 86% of infants. Colostrum was discarded by 45.7% of women. Only 17% of women started breast feeding within one hour and 62.5% infants were put on exclusive breast feeding. Place of delivery was found to be a significant factor affecting exclusive breast feeding practice. Conclusion: Though majority of infants were put on breast milk, inappropriate feeding practices are prevalent. As place of delivery affects the breast feeding practice, institutional deliveries should be promoted.
2015
Introduction:Breast feeding is an essential and noble practice.It helps in proper growth of the baby, creates strong bonding with mother and offers immunity and development of brain.Breastfeeding practices are determined by various factors including cultural norms, beliefs, mother's knowledge and previous experience. These factors operate differently across communities Aims and Objectives:To find out socio-demographic characteristics of the population as well as to ascertain different patterns of breast feeding of under 6 month aged children slums of an eastern industrial city of India. Materials and Methods:Community based cross section study on 192 study subjects whom were chosen by systematic random sampling method and interviewed by a pre designed pre tested questionnaire. Data was analyzed in SPSS 20 software and qualitative data was tested by chi-square test to find out significance at p<0.05 at 95% CI. Results and analysis: 25.5% of the study population were given prelacteal feed. Statistically significant result was found illiterate and daily wage earner mother in regard to prelacteal feed (P<0.05). Colostrum feeding was also low (58.3%). Again those two factors were statistically significant with low colostrum feeding (p<0.05).40.6% study population were initiated breast feeding lately. Low Social class, joint family, illiterate and daily wage earning mother was statistically significant with late initiation of breast feeding (p<0.05). Proportion exclusive breast feeding was very low (27.6%) and was statistically significant with joint family, illiteracy of the mother and daily wage earning mothers (p<0.05) Conclusion:Despite massive campaign, awareness generation problems of illiteracy, low proportion of exclusive breast feeding, late initiation of breast feeding, low colostrum feeding and prelactealfeed are still problem some in slum areas. Some socio cultural and behavioral factors were affecting those feeding patterns.
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2018
Background: Countrywide data from NFHS-lll (2005-2006) documented that only 57% women practiced prelacteal feeding, proportion of exclusively breastfed infants at 6 months of age was 46.4%. The study was conducted to know breast feeding practices; to know nutritional status of child and to study the association between breast feeding practices and nutritional status of child. Methods: The study was community based descriptive study with cross sectional design. A mother of infant and infant of age 6-12 months from the study area were the sampling unit. Sample size was calculated to be 400 considering 46.4% exclusively breast feeding rate in India according to NFHS-3. Results: Out of 400, 37% mothers initiated breastfeeding within 1-4 hour of delivery, 41.25% mothers practice exclusive breast feeding, 90.5% mothers fed colostrum to their babies, 26.75% mothers gave prelacteal feed to their babies. Prevalence of stunting, underweight, overweight, obesity was 38.25%, 32.25%, 3.75%, 2% and wasting was 20%. Conclusion: Breastfeeding practices like exclusive breast feeding; prelacteal feeding was less than the national average in present urban slum. Child feeding practices had direct association with nutritional status of child in present study
International Journal of Child Health and Nutrition, 2018
Background: Nutritional exposures and growth in early life are linked to immediate and also to long term health outcomes. Objective: To assess infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices using WHO-UNICEF defined indicators in rural and urban-slum populations in India. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in mothers and infants up to age 24 months. Data on socio-demographics, birth history, feeding practices (WHO-UNICEF IYCF indicators), maternal weight, height, and infant's weight, length, mid-arm, and head circumferences were collected. Results: Five hundred and two (252 rural and 250 urban-slum) mother-infant dyads were studied. Proportions of IYCF indicators in rural and urban-slum infants were: Early initiation of breastfeeding 71 and 64%; Exclusive breastfeeding under six months, 59 and 25%; Minimum acceptable diet 11 and 27% respectively. Consumption of animal-source food (other than dairy products) and vitamin-A rich fruits and vegetables was below 15%. Cesarean section [aOR, 95% CI: 2.94 (1.53, 5.65)], hospitalization of newborn [aOR, 95% CI: 6.21 (2.95, 13.16)], pre-lacteal feeding [aOR, 95% CI: 3.38 (1.77, 6.45)], needing help in breastfeeding [aOR, 95% CI: 2.15 (1.04, 4.17)], and male gender [aOR, 95% CI: 2.13 (1.15, 4.25); p<0.05 for all] were associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding, whereas lower monthly household income [aOR, 95% CI: 2.62 (1.10, 6.25)], and younger age [aOR, 95% CI: 1.24 (1.11, 1.38); p<0.05 for both] were associated with poor dietary diversity. Conclusions: Education of optimum IYCF practices, targeting early initiation of breastfeeding, increasing meal frequency and intake of vitamin-A rich and animal-source foods need urgent attention.
National Journal of Research in Community Medicine, 2018
Introduction: After the age of six months the nutritional requirement of the child will no longer be met with breast milk alone. Timely introduction of solid and semisolid foods, appropriate quantity and quality is very essential failing which, risk of malnutrition increases. Therefore the present study was taken up with the objective of assessing the infant and young child feeding practices of children less than 24 months. Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area of a medical college in Raichur, Karnataka. Based on DLHS 4 data on proportion of children under 6 months who were exclusively breast fed, a sample size of 171 was obtained. A pretested semi structured questionnaire was framed based on WHO IYCF questionnaire to collect data.. Results: Mothers of 178 children were included in the study. Proportion of male and female children exclusively breast fed were 45% and 55% respectively. Colostrum was discarded by 19.4% mothers and amongst them 11.3% perceived it to be dirty. Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) requirement was met only in 12.4% of the children. Conclusion: Inappropriate infant and young child feeding practices are highly prevalent. A minimum acceptable diet criterion according to the WHO recommendation was met only in 1/8 th of the study population. There is a need to create awareness on the importance of proper feeding practices in the community to improve the nutritional status of the under-five population.
Mothers and infants together form a biological and social unit, which is why they also share problems of malnutrition and ill-health together. This study has put efforts to investigate the current breastfeeding practices and nutritional status of the mothers in Khalishpur Slums of the Khulna City Corporation area of Bangladesh. The Target population of the study was all the mothers who are breastfeeding their infants in Bokkor slum and Camp- 1, 3, 7. From the target population, 100 mothers who are breastfeeding their infants of 0-24 months of age were taken as a sample. To collect the data from the sample, convenience sampling method was used, which is a non-probability sampling technique. A questionnaire survey was conducted in the Khalishpur Slum during October, 2014 to collect data from the respondents. This study was descriptive in nature. Thus, the data were processed and analyzed for the study by using descriptive statistical tools. We found 100% breastfeeding practice among mothers to their infants in the target areas from the study. Early initiation of breastfeeding practice is also satisfactory. 100% prelacteal feeding practice to the infants was also found. Major types of pre-lacteal foods given are honey, sugar water and plain water. Colostrum feeding practice is not up to the mark. The majority of the mothers deprives their infants from this nutritious food. The highest colostrum feeding was found in Camp-3 (52%) and the lowest in Camp-1 (18%). Complementary feeding practices to 0-6 months, infants are low in Bokkor slum (25%) and Camp-1 (38.5%), but is high in Camp-3 (75%) and Camp-7 (85.7%). 92.3% of the Camp-1 mothers feed “Khichuri” (a type of rice and pulse based food) to their children. 100% infants are partially immunized in Bokkor slum and 7.1% are not immunized in Camp-3. BMI, MUAC and Waist-Hip ratio indicate that majority of the mothers in these slums is in normal health conditions.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, 2016
Background: Breast milk feeding is the first fundamental right of the child. However, there are many cultural practices associated with infant feeding of which certain undesirable practices need to be discouraged. Objectives: To assess the feeding practices of under five year children in urban slum and to determine the factors influencing it, if any. Methodology: Community based analytical cross sectional study was conducted in urban slums amongst mothers over one year period. A house to house survey was conducted and Data was collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire on breastfeeding practices & data pertaining to breastfeeding practices was asked in detail from mothers of babies who were breastfed. Results: A total of 381 children were studied. A total of 87.0% of the children were delivered at health facilities and the rest at home. 65.9% received prelacteal feed in the form of water, infant milk formula, cow milk and honey. Most of the children (54.1%) received breast milk within 24 hrs of birth. 95.0% received colostrum and 67.2% received exclusive breast feeding for 6 months. It was observed that children who were exclusively breastfed for six months were found to be better nourished (51.3%). Conclusions: Majority of the mothers were practicing exclusive breast feeding, however a significant proportion of children was deprived of timely initiation of breast feeding. About 2/3 of the mothers were still practicing pre-lacteal feeds to their children. The study documents that there was significantly increased risk of PEM if the child is not exclusive breastfed for 6 months.
Exclusive Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Practices among Children in Slum of Pokhara
Journal of College of Medical Sciences-nepal, 2020
Background: It is estimated that, on an average about 35% of infants 0 - 6 months old are exclusively breastfed around the world. Optimal breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices can save the lives of 1.5 million children under five every year. The condition is further worse in slum areas where vulnerable group of people resides. So, this study aims to assess prevalence on initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from November 2017 - February 2018 among 400 married women having child between 6 - 24 months. A pre-tested structured questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic characteristics, exclusive breastfeeding and complementary feeding practice were used. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 18.0 version. Results: About 55% of the mothers had initiated breastfeeding within an hour (<1 hour). About half (50.5%) had practiced exclusive brea...
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2012
Introduction: Medical and public health experts advocate breastfeeding as the best method of feeding young infants for a wide variety of reasons. Increasing urbanization and rising slum population is a ground reality even in the smaller towns of developing world. There are reports of improper child feeding practices in urban slums. The present study was undertaken to understand the determinants of breast feeding practices in urban slums of a small town (taluka head quarter, tire-IV) in district Anand of Gujarat state. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of Urban Health Training Centre of Pramukhswami Medical College. Out of six served areas two were selected by using simple random sampling. After taking consent, the mothers of all children between the ages of 0-2 years were interviewed using pretested questionnaire. Results: Of the 75 mothers interviewed 4(5%) did not have any antenatal checkups (ANC) and 73 (97.3%) had institutional deliveries. Of the 71 mothers who had ANC only 28(39.4%) were counselled about breastfeeding. Prevalence of pre-lacteal feeding, exclusive breast feeding (EBF) and bottle feeding was 17(22.7%), 37(46.7%) and 10(13.3%) respectively. Maternal education beyond 7th grade and antenatal counselling about breastfeeding were associated with increased EBF and decreased pre-lacteal feeds. Conclusions: Breast feeding practices though better than national average was far from satisfactory. Female literacy continues to be an important factor in child rearing practices. The breast feeding counselling services need great deal of improvement in all healthcare settings.
Infant and Young child feeding practices among mothers of rural Haryana
Journal of medical science and clinical research, 2019
Background: Infant and Young child feeding practices are the most important determinant of growth in 6-23 months age group. Children who falter in their growth during this critical period of growth and development lag behind and don't reach their true intellectual and physical growth potential. Material & Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in Community Development Block, Beri, district Jhajjar, Haryana over the period of one year. In the present study 400 mothers of children aged 6-23 months were selected with multistage random sampling method and interviewed using structured questionnaire for Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices. Data were analyzed with using SPSS-20.0, Chi-square, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression tests. Results: 73.8% mothers' timely initiated breastfeeding at birth. 41% mothers did not exclusively breastfeed their babies up to 6 months. Age appropriate complementary feeding was started in 50.7% children. MMF among breastfed and non-breastfed was 61.75% and 48.3% respectively. MDD and MAD was observed in 47.3% & 40.8%. Mother's educational status, mode of delivery, place of delivery and socioeconomic status were significant factors associated with IYCF practices. Conclusion: compliance to IYCF practices has shown slight improvement since the last NFHS survey in 2015-2016 but still well below the WHO recommended guidelines for Infant and Young Child Feeding so a comprehensive approach needs be adopted to improve infant and young child feeding. It is recommended to undertake actions in the areas concerning policies, health systems and community.