Nutritional status among boys and girls of a central Indian Town (Sagar) (original) (raw)
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Prevalence of undernutrition among School going boys (5-18 years) of a Central Indian city (Sagar)
Indian children are susceptible to undernutrition because of wide spread disparity, poverty and illiteracy. Present study aimed to assess the prevalence of under nutrition among schoolgoing boys and to compare the findings with international reference i.e. NCHS and WHO. A total of 300 boys of age group of 5–18 years were selected. Height-for-age, weight-for-age and body mass index for age were used to evaluate their nutritional status. Z- score and composite index of anthropometric failure were computed. The study reveals that age wise mean body weight, height and BMI has increased with age. Present studied boys were lighter in body weight and shorter in stature than the reference population (NCHS). Similarly Body mass index of the present studied boys indicate low mean BMI than the reference population (WHO). It was found that 6.3% of boys were stunted, 4.3% were underweight and 3% were undernourished, whereas as per composite index of anthropometric failure a total of 10% boys wer...
Assessment of Nutritional Status of Under-Five Children in an Urban Area of South Delhi, India
Cureus, 2023
Introduction Malnutrition among children continues to be a severe public health problem worldwide, whether in a developing country like India or a developed nation. Correct estimation of the problem is a prerequisite to planning the measures to control it. Objective To estimate the prevalence of undernutrition among children under five years of age by utilizing the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure and the WHO growth charts. Methods From January to March 2020, 1332 children under the age of five years participated in a facility-based, descriptive, cross-sectional study at Fatehpur Beri, Urban Primary Health Center. An anthropometric assessment for each participant was done as per the WHO criteria. The data were entered into a Microsoft Office Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA) and analyzed with WHO Anthro software (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) and a licensed version of SPSS 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Continuous data were expressed using appropriate measures of central tendency, while categorical data were expressed in either frequency or proportions. Results The mean age of the study participants was 23.04 ± 18.24 months, and males (53.3%) were more than (46.7%) females. The prevalence of being underweight was 24.5% (327/1332), of which 24.1% (79/327) of children were severely underweight. Of the total study participants, 27.3% (362/1332) were stunted, and 17.8% (237/1332) were wasted, of which 29.1% (69/237) were severely wasted. The prevalence of anthropometric failure was 45%. Conclusions According to the findings of this study, the prevalence of undernutrition among the study participants was substantial. Furthermore, considering weight for age as the sole criterion may underestimate the true prevalence of malnutrition. The findings have critical implications for future interventions and initiatives among children in India.
A school based cross sectional study to assess the nutritional status was conducted on total of 863 children (495 boys + 368 girls) ranging in age from 6 to 15 years and were measured for weight and height. Body Mass Index was calculated and data was classified to the different grades of nutritional status using BMI for age percentiles. Gross body measurements shows increasing trend with advancing age irrespective of the gender variations. In boys, from 6 to 15 years mean weight, height and BMI ranging between 20.9 to 53.9 kg, 116.9 to 164.8 cms and 15.2 to 19.7 kg/m2 respectively. In girls, from 6 to 15 years mean weight, height and BMI ranging between 19.1 to 49.1 kg, 115.8 to 157.7 cms and 14.1 to 19.6 kg/m2 respectively. Prevalence of malnutrition is more than the overweight and obesity in both girls and boys.
Anthropometric Assessment of Nutritional Status of Adolescents of Kolkata, West Bengal
A cross-sectional study of 559 Bengalee adolescents (314 boys and 245 girls) of North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, was undertaken to study their age and sex differences in nutritional status. The subjects were classified into four age groups with one-year intervals. Individuals falling below the age and sex specific fifth percentile of the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) were defined as undernourished. The overall rate of undernutrition was 36.49%. Regardless of sex, the rate of undernutrition progressively increased from 31.88% to 39.80% with the advancement of age. However, a clear-cut age variations in the change of the rate of undernutrition have been observed in both the sexes. The prevalence of undernutrition (combining all ages) varied between boys (41.08%) and girls (30.61%). In general, this study provided evidence that the Bengalee adolescents had moderate rates of undernutrition. These rates were, in general, lower than those reported in other developing countries including previous Indian studies.
Malnutrition: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes, 2020
Child undernutrition remains an enduring public health concern in low-income and middle-income countries. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among rural primary school children utilizing new internationally accepted age and sex specific cut offs of body mass index (BMI). Our study was conducted among 822 rural primary school children of Jangipara Block of Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. A total of 812 children (431 girls; 381 boys) aged from 6 to 10 years were eligible for the present study. Anthropometric variables like height in cm and weight in kg were measured according to standard procedures. The BMI was computed following the standard equation to evaluate the nutritional status of these children. All data was analysed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 16.0) software and significance level was set at p<0.05. Results of Independent Sample t test revealed that there was no statistically significant sex difference in mean height, weight and BMI. Significant age differences were observed for girls (HT: F = 117.597, p<0.001; WT: F = 37.210, p<0.001; and BMI: F = 3.988, p<0.01) as well as boys (HT: F = 104.184, p<0.001; WT: F = 26.602, p<0.001 and BMI: F = 2.838, p<0.05). The prevalence of overall thinness, normal, overweight and obese was 48.5%, 45.4%, 4.8% and 1.2%, respectively. No significant age group and sex wise differences were observed in prevalence of different nutritional status category except in overweight (χ2 = 9.538, df = 4 and p<0.05) category. Results of χ2 test also revealed that age combined sex differences in different grades of nutritional status were not statistically significant (χ2 = 4.112; df = 5 and p>0.05). Results indicated that girls were thinner than boys. In contrast, boys were prone to be overweight and obese. All regional studies (including the present) had reported very high prevalence rate of overall thinness according to World Health Organization. Most of the international and national studies had observed a lower rate of overall thinness than our study. In conclusion, the present study clearly indicated that half of the studied girls (50.6%) were undernourished and more boys were overweight and obese. Surveillance of present nutritional schemes and state specific appropriate and immediate new nutritional interventions are required to ameliorate the problem of malnutrition.
Assessment of Nutritional Status among 2 to 12 Years Children of Two Districts in West Bengal, India
The present study aims to provide the prevalence of thinness among children. The cross-sectional study using weight and stature were conducted on a sample of 2,310 children (1,144 boys and 1,166 girls) aged 2 to 12 years. Participants and their caretakers were informed about the objectives of the study prior to commencement of the study. Overall prevalence of under-nutrition shows that both boys (62.2%) and girls (62.6%) have very high (critical situation) prevalence of thinness. Highest prevalence of thinness among boys was found at the age of 8 years (67.6%) and among girls at age 4 years (82.2%). This study exemplifies the magnitude of childhood under-nutrition (thinness) in the above studied area. A similar study will serve as a resource for future child health interventions in the said areas. To fight under-nutrition among children, an integrated approach is recommended, combining effective community outreach a nd monitoring, nutrition thera py and expanded pa rtnerships w ith nutrition-related organizations in the region.
Prevalence of Malnutrition among Rural Bengalee Children of Hooghly District, West Bengal, India
MALNUTRITION: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND OUTCOMES , 2020
ABSTRACT Child undernutrition remains an enduring public health concern in low-income and middle-income countries. The present cross-sectional study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of malnutrition among rural primary school children utilizing new internationally accepted age and sex specific cut offs of body mass index (BMI). Our study was conducted among 822 rural primary school children of Jangipara Block of Hooghly District, West Bengal, India. A total of 812 children (431 girls; 381 boys) aged from 6 to 10 years were eligible for the present study. Anthropometric variables like height in cm and weight in kg were measured according to standard procedures. The BMI was computed following the standard equation to evaluate the nutritional status of these children. All data was analysed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 16.0) software and significance level was set at p<0.05. Results of Independent Sample t test revealed that there was no statistically significant sex difference in mean height, weight and BMI. Significant age differences were observed for girls (HT: F = 117.597, p<0.001; WT: F = 37.210, p<0.001; and BMI: F = 3.988, p<0.01) as well as boys (HT: F = 104.184, p<0.001; WT: F = 26.602, p<0.001 and BMI: F = 2.838, p<0.05). The prevalence of overall thinness, normal, overweight and obese was 48.5%, 45.4%, 4.8% and 1.2%, respectively. No significant age group and sex wise differences were observed in prevalence of different nutritional status category except in overweight (χ2 = 9.538, df = 4 and p<0.05) category. Results of χ2 test also revealed that age combined sex differences in different grades of nutritional status were not statistically significant (χ2 = 4.112; df = 5 and p>0.05). Results indicated that girls were thinner than boys. In contrast, boys were prone to be overweight and obese. All regional studies (including the present) had reported very high prevalence rate of overall thinness according to World Health Organization. Most of the international and national studies had observed a lower rate of overall thinness than our study. In conclusion, the present study clearly indicated that half of the studied girls (50.6%) were undernourished and more boys were overweight and obese. Surveillance of present nutritional schemes and state specific appropriate and immediate new nutritional interventions are required to ameliorate the problem of malnutrition. Keywords: malnutrition, children, nutritional status, thinness, body mass index
A cross sectional study of 454 adolescents (225 males and 229 females) of Banda district, Uttar Pradesh was undertaken to study their age and sex differences in nutritional status. The present study indicated clear age and sex variations in anthropometric characteristics of school going adolescents of Banda district. The result also indicated an overall rate of undernutrition as 67.4%. The rate of undernutrition was found to be maximum between the age group of 10-12 years of age which is an early adolescent phase. These rates of undernutrition were in general, higher than those reported in previous Indian studies
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 300 boys and girls (1:1) of 10-15 years, randomly selected, from three Govt. Secondary School of Unokoti District of Tripura State, to assess their nutritional status. The weight, height, head circumference (HC) and mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC), body mass index (BMI) and chest circumference (CC) were taken as nutritional status indices. Nutritional status was evaluated using the age and sex-specific cutoff points of anthropometric indicators of the NHANES-I percentile values. The percent of malnourished children was found varying from 53% to 76% on the basis of different nutritional status indices, socioeconomic status, and sex. There is a decreasing trend in the proportion of undernourished child with increasing socioeconomic status (SES). The low values of anthropometric indices and high rate of malnourished child obtained from this study suggest that there is need for improvement in the nutritional status of adolescents.