Strigolactones, from Plants to Human Health: Achievements and Challenges (original) (raw)
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Harmony but Not Uniformity: Role of Strigolactone in Plants
Biomolecules
Strigolactones (SLs) represent an important new plant hormone class marked by their multifunctional roles in plants and rhizosphere interactions, which stimulate hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and seed germination of root parasitic plants. SLs have been broadly implicated in regulating root growth, shoot architecture, leaf senescence, nodulation, and legume–symbionts interaction, as well as a response to various external stimuli, such as abiotic and biotic stresses. These functional properties of SLs enable the genetic engineering of crop plants to improve crop yield and productivity. In this review, the conservation and divergence of SL pathways and its biological processes in multiple plant species have been extensively discussed with a particular emphasis on its interactions with other different phytohormones. These interactions may shed further light on the regulatory networks underlying plant growth, development, and stress responses, ultimately providin...
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid derived root exudates, recently classified as phytohormones, play important role in plant growth and development via complex signalling pathways, involving other phytohormones too. Based on relevant literature, this review evinces on role of SLs in stimulating the hyphal branching of AM fungi and various other plant development stages like seed germination, shoot branching, tillering, nodulation, root architecture, and highlights various researches carried out to support the role of SLs in regulating the plant growth under nutrient deficient conditions, drought and salt stress, ROS, temperature variations and, to some extent, biotic stresses for future agriculture. Versatile nature of SLs unwraps various possibilities for their enactment in future agriculture, however, a more comprehensive knowledge on signalling and regulation mechanisms is required to exploit the full potential.
Strigolactones: A New Class of Plant Hormones with Multifaceted Roles
eLS, 2001
Strigolactones (SLs) are terpenoid lactones produced mainly in plant roots and initially identified as seed germination stimulants for parasitic weeds. In 2005, they were described also as boosters of hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and thereby as promoters of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. In 2008, they emerged as a new class of plant hormones controlling plant architecture through repression of shoot branching. Since then, several new roles were discovered for SLs: in the adaptive responses to a number of environmental stimuli (including light, osmotic stress, interaction with pathogens and nodulating bacteria), and in several aspects of plant development (including seed germination for nonparasitic plants, hypocotyl elongation, reproduction, leaf senescence and nodulation). The biosynthetic and perception/ transduction systems of SLs are being elucidated, and the first mechanistic models presented.
Emerging Roles of Strigolactones in Plant Responses to Stress and Development
Frontiers in plant science, 2016
Our environment constantly undergoes changes either natural or manmade affecting growth and development of all the organisms including plants. Plants are sessile in nature and therefore to counter environmental changes such as light, temperature, nutrient and water availability, pathogen, and many others; plants have evolved intricate signaling mechanisms, composed of multiple components including several plant hormones. Research conducted in the last decade has placed Strigolactones (SLs) in the growing list of plant hormones involved in coping with environmental changes. SLs are carotenoid derivatives functioning as both endogenous and exogenous signaling molecules in response to various environmental cues. Initially, SLs were discovered as compounds that are harmful to plants due to their role as stimulants in seed germination of parasitic plants, a more beneficial role in plant growth and development was uncovered much later. SLs are required for maintaining plant architecture b...
Frontiers in Physiology, 2017
The changing environment always questions the survival mechanism of life on earth. The plant being special in the sense of their sessile habit need to face many of these environmental fluctuations as they have a lesser escape option. To counter these adverse conditions, plants have developed efficient sensing, signaling, and response mechanism. Among them the role of phytohormones in the management of hostile ecological situations is remarkable. The strigolactone, a newly emerged plant hormone has been identified with many functions such as growth stimulant of parasitic plants, plant architecture determinant, arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis promoter, and also in many other developmental and environmental cues. Despite of their immense developmental potential, the strigolactone research in the last few years has also established their significance in adverse environmental condition. In the current review, its significance under drought, salinity, nutrient starvation, temperature, and pathogenic assail has been discussed. This review also opens the research prospects of strigolactone to better manage the crop loss under hostile ecological conditions.
Journal of experimental botany, 2018
Strigolactones (SLs) are small carotenoid-derived molecules that possess a wide spectrum of functions, including plant hormonal activities and chemical mediation of rhizosphere communication with both root parasitic plants and symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Chemicals that regulate the functions of SLs may therefore have the potential to become widely used in agricultural applications. For example, various SL analogs and mimics have been developed to reduce the seed banks of root parasites in the field. Other analogs and mimics act selectively to suppress branching, with weak, or no stimulation, of germination in root parasites. In addition, some antagonists for SL receptors have been developed based on the mechanisms of SL perception. A better understanding of the modes of action of SL perception by various receptors will help to support the design of SL analogs, mimics, and antagonists with high activity and selectivity. Here, we review the compounds reported so far from t...
Recent Advances in Strigolactone Research: Chemical and Biological Aspects
Plant and Cell Physiology, 2012
Strigolactones (SLs) are a group of terpenoid lactones that were discovered in the 1960s. They were initially characterized as allelochemicals secreted from roots to the rhizosphere, and have functions in parasitic and symbiotic interactions with root parasitic plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, respectively. In 2008, SLs were shown to act as endogenous hormones that regulate shoot branching. The discovery of a hormonal function for SLs has provided a link between genetically studied shoot branching mutants and chemically characterized SLs in earlier studies. This has offered new strategies and experimental tools to address a number of intriguing questions as to the biological function and molecular action of SLs. In this review, we will provide an overview of recent topics on SLs, and highlight new discoveries regarding its biosynthetic pathway and multiple hormonal roles in plant development and adaptive responses.
Strigolactones: new plant hormones in the spotlight
Journal of Experimental Botany
The development and growth of plants are regulated by interplay of a plethora of complex chemical reactions in which plant hormones play a pivotal role. In recent years, a group of new plant hormones, namely strigolactones (SLs), was discovered and identified. The first SL, strigol, was isolated in 1966, but it took almost 20 years before the details of its structure were fully elucidated. At present, two families of SLs are known, one having the stereochemistry of (+)-strigol and the other that of (−)-orobanchol, the most abundant naturally occurring SL. The most well-known bioproperty of SLs is the germination of seeds of the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche. It is evident that SLs are going to play a prominent role in modern molecular botany. In this review, relevant molecular and bioproperties of SLs are discussed. Items of importance are the effect of stereochemistry, structure-activity relationships, design and synthesis of analogues with a simple structure, but with retention of bioactivity, introduction of fluorescent labels into SLs, biosynthetic origin of SLs, mode of action in plants, application in agriculture for the control of parasitic weeds, stimulation of the branching of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, and the control of plant architecture. The future potential of SLs in molecular botany is highlighted.
Strigolactone biosynthesis and signaling in plant development
Development, 2015
Strigolactones (SLs), first identified for their role in parasitic and symbiotic interactions in the rhizosphere, constitute the most recently discovered group of plant hormones. They are best known for their role in shoot branching but, more recently, roles for SLs in other aspects of plant development have emerged. In the last five years, insights into the SL biosynthetic pathway have also been revealed and several key components of the SL signaling pathway have been identified. Here, and in the accompanying poster, we summarize our current understanding of the SL pathway and discuss how this pathway regulates plant development.