Molecular and micro-morphological evidences of the genus Cuscuta in Iran (original) (raw)
Related papers
Pollen morphology of Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae) in Taiwan
2005
The pollen morphology of five taxa of Cuscuta, C. australis, C. campestris, C. chinensis, C. japonica var. formosana and C. japonica var. japonica (Convolvulaceae) in Taiwan was investigated by using LM, SEM and TEM. The pollen of Cuscuta is three to six colpate, zonocolpate or pantocolpate colpus with granules, tectum with scabrate processes, ektexine reticulate or finely reticulate, and endexine thinner than ektexine. Two distinct pollen types of Cuscuta spp. in Taiwan are recognized. Type 1 is small, and has colpus with granules, and ektexine finely reticulate, including C. australis, C. campestris and C. chinensis. Type 2 is medium in size, and has colpus with granules, scabrate processes on surface of granule and ektexine reticulate, including C. japonica var. formosana and C. japonica var. japonica. Pollen types correspond with Yuncker's subdivision of the genus Cuscuta, type 1 for subgenus Grammica and type 2 for subgenus Monogyna. Meanwhile, pollen characteristics are also helpful in identifying species.
Taeckholmia, 2014
Chromosome numbers and karyotype criteria of nine species of the genus Cuscuta L. (Convolvulaceae) in Saudi Arabia were investigated. Chromosomes counts were recorded in four species for the first time in this study. Chromosome number, based on x=7 has been found in the majority of the studied Cuscuta species. A diploid number (2n=14) was recorded in five species, while tetraploid number (2n=28) was recorded in two species whereas 2n=56 was recorded in C. campestris. However, 2n=30 based on x=6 was recorded in C. monogyna. The chromosomes in the studied species of Cuscuta are generally small with a mean size ranging between 0.74 and 1.10 μm. Short chromosomes were particularly found in C. planiflora (MCL=0.74 μm) and C. chinesis (MCL=0.79), whereas longer chromosomes were scored in C. campestris (MCL=1.10). The karyotype in the studied species is mostly comprised of metacentric to submetacentric chromosomes as indicated by their mean arm ratio that ranges between 1.31 in C. monogyna and 1.83 in C. planiflora. The degree of karyotype asymmetry is indicated by high values of TF% ranges between 28.33 in C. planiflora and 40.54 in C. campestris. The A1 value ranged between 0.22 in C. planiflora and 0.43 in C. palaestina. Among the examined species, karyotype features were used to assess the Sherif M. Sharawy 66 classification of the Cuscuta species in Saudi Arabia in the light of the current systems of classification.
Systematic Botany, 2013
Cuscuta tinctoria clade, the second largest infrageneric group of subgenus Grammica, includes 14 species that are centered in Mexico and adjacent regions, but also two species that are found in Australia, presumably as a result of long-distance dispersal. Flowers, pollen, and stigmas are among the largest in Cuscuta, with plants being xenogamous or facultatively xenogamous. In this clade, the convergent evolution of morphological traits, especially those associated with the calyx and gynoecium/capsule, has obscured the identity of some species and has hindered previous efforts to determine their limits. Basic morphology, scanning electron microscopy and sequence data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the plastid trnL-F region were used to reconstruct the phylogeny, gain a better understanding of the evolutionary history, and determine species boundaries. Overall, species were grouped in five subclades. Based on their morphological and molecular similarity, C. tinctoria, C. aurea, and C. floribunda are best treated as a single species, with the latter two taxa being retained as varieties of the former. Our results also show that in their currently accepted delimitation, C. rugosiceps and C. tinctoria are polyphyletic, the former including one new species, C. volcanica, and the latter two new species, C. timida and C. tolteca. In addition, three other new species are described: C. iguanella and C. insolita, both with multicellular protuberances on the calyx and/or corolla lobes, and C. montana, with broader than long calyx lobes. A taxonomic treatment that includes an identification key, descriptions, geographical distribution, ecological data, and illustrations for all taxa is provided.
American Journal of Botany, 2007
Subgenus Grammica, the largest and most diverse group in the parasitic genus Cuscuta, includes ;130 species distributed primarily throughout the New World, with Mexico as its center of diversity. To circumscribe the subgenus and assess the relationships among its major lineages, we conducted the first phylogenetic study of Grammica using plastid trnL-F and nrITS sequences from a wide taxonomic sampling covering its morphological, physiological, and geographical diversity. With the exception of one species belonging elsewhere, the subgenus was found to be monophyletic. The results further indicate the presence of 15 well-supported major clades within Grammica. Some of those lineages correspond partially to earlier taxonomic treatments, but the majority of groups are identified in this study for the first time. The backbone relationships among major clades, however, remain weakly supported or unresolved in some cases. The phylogenetic results indicate that the fruit dehiscence character is homoplastic, thus compromising its value as a major taxonomic and evolutionary feature. While several striking cases of longdistance dispersal are inferred, vicariance emerges as the most dominant biogeographical pattern for Cuscuta. Species placed within one of the clades with a predominantly South American distribution are hypothesized to have substantially altered plastid genomes.
PLOS ONE, 2020
Cuscuta (dodders) is a group of parasitic plants with tremendous economic and ecological significance. Their seeds are often described as "simple" or "unspecialized" because they do not exhibit any classical dispersal syndrome traits. Previous studies of seed morphology and/or anatomy were conducted on relatively few species. We expanded research to 101 species; reconstructed ancestral character states; investigated correlations among seed characters and explored allometric relationships with breeding systems, the size of geographical distribution of species in North America, as well as the survival of seedlings. Seed morphological and anatomical characters permit the separation of subgenera, but not of sections. Identification of Cuscuta species using seed characteristics is difficult but not impossible if their geographical origin is known. Seeds of subg. Monogynella species, exhibit the likely ancestral epidermis type consisting of elongated and interlocked cells, which are morphologically invariant, uninfluenced by dryness/wetness. Subgenera Cuscuta, Pachystigma and Grammica have evolved a seed epidermis with isodiametric cells that can alternate their morphology between two states: pitted when seeds are dry, and papillose after seed imbibition. A seed coat with double palisade architecture throughout the entire seed has also apparently evolved in subgenera Cuscuta, Pachystigma and Grammica, but several species in two clades of the latter subgenus reverted to a single palisade layer outside the hilum area. The same latter species also evolved a peculiar, globose embryo, likely having a storage role, in contrast to the ancestral filiform and coiled embryo present throughout the remainder of the genus. Autogamous species had on average the highest number of seeds per capsule, whereas fully xenogamous taxa had the lowest. No correlation was revealed between the size of the seeds and the size of their geographical distribution in North America, but seedlings of species with larger seeds survived significantly longer than seedlings resulted from smaller seeds. Diversity and evolution of seed traits was discussed in relationship with their putative roles in dormancy, germination and dispersal.
Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-napoca, 2020
Nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequence data of the Cuscuta genus, which have been considered as one of the most popular sequences for phylogenetic inference in plants, have been studied from a phylogenetic perspective in agricultural and non-agricultural lands of Turkey. The samples of Cuscuta spp. were collected from different geographical regions of Turkey between the years of 2013-2015. Some other species, not available locally, were taken from the herbarium samples of some research units. In order to study the phylogenetic relations of collected species, DNA isolations were made from body tissue samples. Conserved regions on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were amplified by universal primers via PCR method and cloned into a proper cloning vector. The cloned DNA fragments were sequenced and analysed by web-based and computer programs. DNA sequences of certain species were recorded to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Based on the morphological examination an...
BMC Biology, 2007
The genus Cuscuta L. (Convolvulaceae), commonly known as dodders, are epiphytic vines that invade the stems of their host with haustorial feeding structures at the points of contact. Although they lack expanded leaves, some species are noticeably chlorophyllous, especially as seedlings and in maturing fruits. Some species are reported as crop pests of worldwide distribution, whereas others are extremely rare and have local distributions and apparent niche specificity. A strong phylogenetic framework for this large genus is essential to understand the interesting ecological, morphological and molecular phenomena that occur within these parasites in an evolutionary context.
Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy, 2019
DNA barcoding and morpho-anatomical characters of two forms of Convolvulus arvensis L. growing in Asir region, Saudi Arabia were studied. We applied three molecular markers, ITS, rbcL and matK for phylogenetic reconstruction in combination with 24 morpho-anatomical characters to provide proposal for the recognition of its population under two forms. Plant samples were collected from ten various populations of C. arvensis supposed to be of two different forms, and finally these have been found to be of two new forms (small leaf) and form (large leaf) for the flora of Saudi Arabia. TWINSPAN results showed that there was negative group with twenty one objects including stem length, stem thickness, seed shapes, petiole length, leaf apex, leaf length, petal circumference, leaf width, capsule length, capsule width, stamen length, anther width, anther length, carpel length, venations type, pollen grains shape, T.S of stem, root and leaf, stigma shape and anther base surface and positive gr...
Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS, 2018
The DNA fingerprinting is used to determine the relationship between species in the same genus or between genera related to the same family. The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between two samples related to the same family Convolvulaceae, representing two genera, Cressa Linn. and Cuscuta Yunck. by RAPD, ISSR and SCoT molecular techniques (PCR based DNA fingerprint). The RAPD, ISSR and SCoT based DNA fingerprinting techniques were implemented to identify the fingerprint diversity between two genera, Cressa Linn. and Cuscuta Yunck-belonging to the family Convolvulaceae. Applying of RAPD technique revealed that using OP-A02, OP-A09, OP-A10, OP-C04 and OP-M01 primers recorded 60, 83.33, 100, 50 and 70.66% polymorphism, respectively. On the other hand, ISSR technique recorded 40, 50, 100, 66.67, 33.33 and 37.5% polymorphism with 44B, HB-08, HB-09, HB-10, HB-11 and HB-12 primers, respectively. However, amplification of SCoT technique, SCoT 1, SCoT 2, SCoT 3, SCoT 4, ...
Pollen morphology of selected species of Cucurbitaceae Juss. from the Cerrado
Brazilian Journal of Botany, 2021
Pollen morphology of six native and two sub-spontaneous species of Cucurbitaceae found in the state of Goiás, Midwest Region of Brazil were analyzed to understand the palynology and taxonomy of the selected species. Pollen grains were acetolyzed, measured, described, photographed and electromicrographed. SEM was used to analyze exine ornamentation. Pollen grains are monads in Cayaponia podantha Cogn., Ceratosanthes tomentosa Cogn., Luffa operculata (L.) Cogn., Melothria campestris (Naudin) H. Schaefer and S. S. Renner, Momordica charantia L., Wilbrandia hibiscoides Silva Manso or tetrads in Gurania lobata (L.) Pruski and Psiguria umbrosa (Kunth) C. Jeffrey; average size, large or very large in monads and tetrads. The openings ranged from pores in Cayaponia podantha, colpores in other monads and pores in tetrads. Regarding ornamentation, Cayaponia podantha has spiny sexine, Melothria campestris perforated sexine, Gurania lobata and Psiguria umbrosa micro-reticulated sexine, and other taxa have reticulated sexine. Cayaponia podantha and Psiguria umbrosa were first described in this study. Results allowed the distinction between genera, indicating that the pollen morphology contributes to the taxonomic studies and the family is considered eurypalynous. This study provides information that, with other previously published studies, will allow a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships between these species.