Evaluation of the size and location of the mental foramen and anterior loop of the lower alveolar nerve in the Brazilian population using cone beam computed tomography (original) (raw)
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International journal of applied & basic medical research
Better understanding of the anatomical location and course of the mandibular canal is necessary to avoid damaging inferior alveolar nerve. The aim of this study was to investigate the buccolingual course of the inferior alveolar canal (IAC) in different mental foramen locations, using cone beam computed tomography. Three hundred and twelve hemimandibular images were evaluated in this study. The location of mental foramen in relation to the apices of mandibular premolar and molar teeth were recorded. Nine measurements (in millimeters) were taken at the level of the IAC and posterior mandibular premolar and molar root apices. Relative distances of IAC to buccal and lingual mandibular cortex were calculated for different mental foramen types. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The distribution of subjects according to the type of mental foramen includes: Type 1 = 50.3% (at the level of second premolar apex)...
International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, 2013
The mental foramen is an important landmark during surgical procedures such as osseous grafting or the placement of dental implants. To avoid injuring the mental nerve, it is important both to carefully assess the location of the mental foramen and to determine whether an anterior loop of the mental nerve or the incisive canal lies mesial to it. The objective of this study was to quantify the ability of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to measure the length of the mental nerve loop, the length and diameter of the incisive nerve canals, and the incisive canal path. Materials and Methods: The study included 352 CBCT scans that had originally been used for preoperative planning of implant placement in the interforaminal region of the anterior mandible. For each scan, the length of the mental nerve loop and the length, diameter, and path of the incisive canal were determined. Mean values were compared between groups based on sex, right versus left side, and whether the patient was edentulous. Results: The inferior alveolar nerve loop and incisive canal had a mean length of 2.40 ± 0.93 mm and 9.11 ± 3.00 mm, respectively. The mean incisive canal diameter was 1.48 ± 0.66 mm and showed a downward path in 51.3% of CBCT images and a linear or upward path in 38.29% and 10.41% of scans, respectively. Conclusions: CBCT provides an accurate means to identify critical anatomical features in the anterior mandible during preoperative surgical planning.
Journal of Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, 2015
Dişli hasta grubundan oluşan Türk subpopülasyonunda konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi ile mental foramende anterior loop değerlendirmesi Amaç: Bu retrospektif çalışmanın amacı mental foramende anterior lup varlığının Türk subpopülasyonundaki sıklığını ve tiplerini konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) ile değerlendirmektir. Yöntemler: Çalışmada 20-69 yaşları arasında 138 kadın, 141 erkek olmak üzere 279 dişli hasta değerlendirilmiştir. Mandibular kanalın mental foramende sonlanma şekli 3 tip olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Buna göre Tip 1; mental dalın inferior alveolar siniri mental foramenin posteriorunda kalacak şekilde terk etmesi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tip 2; mental dalın inferior alveolar siniri mental foramene dik olacak şekilde terk etmesi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tip 3; mental dalın inferior alveolar siniri mental foramenin anteriorunda kalacak şekilde terk etmesi olarak tanımlanmıştır. Tip 1 ve 2 de anterior lup varlığından bahsedilmezken Tip 3' ün anterior lup varlığını gösterdiği belirtilmiştir. Bulgular: Tip 3, Tip2 ve Tip1 sonlanma şekillerinin dağılımı sırasıyla %59.5, %31.9 ve %8.6 olarak belirlenmiştir. Aynı hastada sağ ve sol tarafta aynı anda Tip 1, Tip 2 ya da Tip 3 sonlanma şekli dağılımları ise sırasıyla %1.8, %17.2 ve %45.5 olarak bulunmuştur. Sağ ve sol tarafta kadınlar ve erkekler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir. Sonuç: KIBT; mental sinirin inferior alveolar sinirden ayrılıp mental foramene ulaşmak için izlediği yolu üç-boyutlu olarak değerlendirmek için güvenle kullanılabilir. Foramenler arası bölgeyi ilgilendiren bir çok cerrahi operasyon öncesinde, mental foramenin meziyalinde mental sinir dalına ait olası bir lup varlığı kolaylıkla tanımlanabilir. Anahtar sözcükler: Konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi, mandibular kanal, inferior alveoler sinir, mental foramen, anterior lup ABS TRACT Anterior loop of the mental foramen in a Turkish subpopulation with dentate patients: a cone beam computed tomography study Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the frequency and types of the mental foramen's anterior loop in a Turkish subpopulation on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: 279 dentate patients (138 females, 141 males, age range 20-69 years) were evaluated for both side of mandible. Type 1 was described as the mental branch leaved the inferior alveolar nerve posterior to the opening of the mental foramen. Type 2 was described as the mental branch leaved the inferior alveolar nerve perpendicular to the opening of the mental foramen. Type 3 was described as the mental branch leaved the inferior alveolar nerve anterior to the mental foramen. It was assumed that there was no loop in type 1 and 2. Type 3 indicated the presence of anterior loop. Results: The distribution of type 3, type 2 and type 1 were noted 59.5%, 31.9% and 8.6% respectively. If the type was same on both sides distribution of type 1, type 2 and type 3 were noted 1.8%, 17.2% and 45.5% respectively. There was no statistically significant difference on the left side and right side between males and females. Conclusions: CBCT can be used safely to observe three-dimensionally the track of mental nerve from the inferior alveolar nerve to the mental foramen. Thus the divergence of mental nerve can be evaluated if there is a loop mesially from the mental foramen for various surgical operations involving interforaminal area.
Dental Journal of Advance Studies
Purpose The present in vivo study aimed to estimate the prevalence and variation in anterior loop of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) in relation to mental foramen to assess the safe zone in anterior part of mandible for implant placement with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in North Indian population. Materials and Methodology To conduct this study, 70 patients were selected and radiographically evaluated. All CBCT scans were made from Genoray Papaya 3D Plus. CBCTs were evaluated in CDSee software for anterior loop and height measurement anterior to mental foramen. Four parameters of prevalence of loop length and height anterior to mental foramen on right and left side each and four parameters of variation in loop length and height on right and left side each were recorded with the help of descriptive statistical analyses (mean, median, mode, and range) and paired t-test. Level of significance (p) was also calculated. Result Paired t-test value for comparison on both the right an...
Objectives: Interforaminal implant surgery requires anatomical knowledge of the area and adequate information on the location of the various landmarks of significance such as the mental foramen, the anterior loop of the inferior orbital nerve and the mandibular incisive canal using Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). This information may be used to provide recommendations to the surgeon without access to a 3D scan of the dento-alveolar region. Materials and methods: 65 patients scanned with 'i-CAT' device for a variety of clinical indications were included. Using the device's software the gender prevalence and length of the anterior loop was assessed. Results: The results show that an anterior loop was present with a mean of 3.40 mm in males and 2.85 mm in females as identified in an Indian sub-population. There was no significant difference in the loop length between the right and left side of the mandible. Conclusion: As the anterior loop length shows a high degree of variability, these findings suggest that a CBCT for each patient is recommended in order to visualise a safety zone before placing implants close to the mental foramen.
Tomographic Evaluation of the Position and Form of the Mental Foramen in a Brazilian Subpopulation
2016
The present study evaluated the position and shape of the mental foramen through Computed Tomography study. A total of 191 examinations of adult male and female toothed patients with an age range of 20 to 60 years were analyzed. The images were obtained through the I-Cat® tomography equipment and later analyzed with the device program itself, on a computer with a Microsoft Windows operating system. The data were organized into frequency tables and a descriptive analysis using the chi-square test, significance level of 5%. There was no statistical difference between genders and sides regarding the position and shape of the mental foramen. The mental foramen observed in this study was more frequently located at apex level in the vertical position and between the premolars in the horizontal position. The oval shape was the most frequent. It is expected that this work has a contribution to the dental surgeon in the knowledge of the form and the correct positioning of the mental foramen ...
Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences, 2017
Background and Objective: Knowing the position of the inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen is very important in periapical surgeries, administration of local anesthesia and implantation. The aim of this study is to compare the position and view of the inferior alveolar canal and mental foramen in panoramic radiography and CBCT images. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, concurrent panoramic radiography and CBCT images of patients who visited a private radiology clinic for one year were examined. In panoramic radiographs, the indices of canal visibility, mental foramen visibility, proximity of mental foramen to mandibular premolar teeth, canal diameter, mental foramen diameter and distance from mental foramen to alveolar crest were examined. Then all these cases were evaluated and compared in CBCT radiographs (as gold standard). Findings: In this study, concurrent CBCT and panoramic radiographs of 41 patients including 23 men (56.1%) and 18 women (43.9%) with a mean age of 51±13 years were analyzed. The mean values of variables of inferior alveolar canal diameter and distance from mental foramen to alveolar crest in panoramic images were significantly higher than CBCT images (p<0.001). The average diameter of mental foramen in panoramic images (3.9±1.3) was lower than CBCT images (4.2±1.3), but the difference was not significant (p=0.074). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, although panoramic radiography can be used in routine treatments and general examination of the mandible, it is necessary to use the CBCT technique in dental practices that require higher accuracy in terms of measurement.
International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2019
The aim of this study was to analyse anatomical characteristics of the most posterior alveolar canal (PAC) on computed tomography (CT) images and the posterior superior alveolar foramen (PSAF) physically identified in cadaveric samples, to avoid injuring the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) during surgery in the maxillary tuberosity region. The study included 125 hemi-heads of 64 Japanese cadavers. Simple CT data of the maxillary bone region of the samples were obtained and analysed using measurement software. The alveolar crest (AC) and the PAC were identified to calculate the shortest distance between the AC and the PAC (AC-PAC). Then the samples were dissected to measure physically the shortest distance between the AC and the PSAF (AC-PSAF). The data were analysed statistically. The mean value and standard deviation were 20.7 AE 4.2 mm for AC-PAC and 20.7 AE 4.3 mm for AC-PSAF. The intraclass correlation coefficient between AC-PAC and AC-PSAF was 0.98. The CT-measured PAC locations were found to be almost identical to the PSAF positions identified physically in the samples. Preoperative CT localization of the PAC aids in avoiding injury to PSAA, while preoperative CT evaluation is important for each case due to significant individual variability in the anatomical PAC and PSAF locations.
RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia
Objective: To evaluate the frequency of medial lingual foramina present in the cortex of the mandible using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A total of 953 CBTC exams of the mandible were evaluated to determine the presence of canals in the mandibular midline, canal location in relation to the mental spine, canal diameter, distance to the base and alveolar crest of the mandible, trajectory of the canal, and coincidence measurements of the panoramic image containing the location of the canal in relation to the mental spine. Results: Foramina were located in three positions: above the mental spine (FSS) 89.2%, below the mental spine (FIS) 67.9%, and other positions (FOP) 21.3%. Non-edentulous individuals had a significantly higher number of FSS than did edentulous individuals (P<0.001). Male individuals presented a significantly greater distance from the FSS (P=0.001), FIS (P=0.045) and FOP (p=0.002) to the base of the mandible than female individuals. Younger individ...