Evaluation of Root Canal Obturation: A Three-dimensional In Vitro Study (original) (raw)
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Evaluation of the quality of four root canal obturation techniques using micro-computed tomography
Iranian endodontic journal, 2013
One of the key factors in successful endodontic therapy is to adequately fill the root canals. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the quality of four different root canal obturation techniques: cold lateral condensation (CLC), warm vertical condensation (WVC), Obtura II (OII) and Gutta Flow (GF) by using micro-computed tomography (micro CT). A total of 20 extracted maxillary first molars prepared with ProTaper files, were randomly divided into four groups. Micro CT was used to measure the internal volume of root canals. Following application of AH26 sealer to canal obturation, new micro-CT images were taken and the volume percentage (VP) of voids, gutta-percha and sealer at different levels were calculated with CT software. Data was statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The highest percentage of filling material was observed in GF group followed by OII with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). These two groups had a signific...
Brazilian Dental Journal, 2010
The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of voids, gutta-percha and root canal sealer using 4 different filling techniques. Fifty-two extracted maxillary lateral incisors were prepared using the crown-down pressureless technique. The teeth were randomly divided in 4 groups (n=13): Lateral compaction (LC), Tagger's hybrid (TH), MicroSeal (MS) and GuttaFlow (GF) techniques. Horizontal cross-sections were made at the 2, 10 and 15 mm levels from the apex. Digital images of the root canal areas were acquired using a stereomicroscope and examined using the Image Tool 3.0 software. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05). In general, a significant decrease in the gutta-percha filled area and increase of sealer area were observed at the apical level for all the evaluated techniques (p<0.05). With regard to the presence of voids, no significant difference was found. MS and TH techniques showed a larger gutta-percha filled area than LC and...
2011
The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of gutta-percha-filled area (PGFA) in the apical third of root canals after filling with either System B or cold lateral lateral condensation techniques. Sixty-six recently extracted human maxillary central incisors were prepared with ProTaper NiTi rotary files and randomly divided into two groups of 33 teeth each. Root canal obturation was carried out as the following: Group 1: Cold lateral condensation technique; Group 2: System B. The teeth were sectioned horizontally at 1, 2, 3, 4 mm from the working length. The total cross-sectional area of each canal was measured and the areas of gutta-percha, sealer and voids were calculated and converted to percentages of total surface area. Data were subjected to the Independent t test. At all levels, System B produced significantly higher gutta-percha filled areas (P < 0.001) and lower sealer and void-filled areas (P < 0.001) than lateral condensation technique. System B exhibited better complete obturation with minimal sealer thickness compared to cold lateral condensation.
Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 2021
Objective: The aim of this article is to evaluate the quality of filling in endodontically treated root canals using the lateral condensation technique and modified lateral condensation technique. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two single-rooted teeth were divided into two groups that were assigned by simple randomization according to the filling technique. Once the endodontic treatment was performed, a periapical radiograph was taken to assess the quality according to the radiographic density and tomography was taken to evaluate the quality according to the tomographic volume of spaces, compared with the post-preparation biomechanical tomography. Finally, we performed a statistical analysis (Student’s t-test) to evaluate whether there were differences between the types of filling. Results: Radiographic radiodensity was 182.89 ± 9.81 and 186.72 ± 6.97 HU for teeth treated with the lateral condensation technique and modified lateral condensation technique, respectively. The void volum...
Saudi Endodontic Journal, 2014
Background and objective: Root canal treatment (RCT) has a high rate of success, when performed by properly trained dental surgeons. However, the failure rate is inappreciably high when the same procedure is done by less experienced dental graduates having no specialization on endodontics. This study was conducted to evaluate the technical quality of RCT performed by practicing dental graduates on Bangladeshi patient. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Dentistry of BIRDEM General Hospital Dhaka over a period of 6 months from January to June 2019. Radiographs of patients who had undergone RCT in last 6 months were included in the study. Parameters used to evaluate the obturation of the root canal were presence of root-filled, posts and voids. The RCT was assessed for filling at the end of the root with radiographic apex, the density of the filling material and taper from the orifice to apex. The quality of RCT was evaluated as totally unacceptable (score: 0-2), poorly acceptable (score: 3-4), acceptable (score: 5) and perfect (score: 6) based on the treatment score. Post-treatment complications were determined by furcation and cavity wall perforation, transportation, root perforation, instrument breakage, ledge formation, voids and missed canal. Result: A total of 180 postoperative readable radiographs with post root-canal treatment were evaluated. Evaluation of the technical quality of RCT revealed that 56% of the RCTs were of standard quality (41.7% were of perfect quality and 14.4% were of acceptable quality). The rest 23.3% were poorly acceptable and 20.6% were totally unacceptable. Majority (92.8%) of the obturation of the root canal revealed that roots were filled with sealing materials; however, 8.9% exhibited posts and 36.7% demonstrated voids. A sizable portion of the root canal obturation was unacceptable in terms of its length (12.2%), density (20%) and tapering (16.7%). Total 132 (73.3%) teeth developed at least one complication. Under filling and voids were predominant complications (42.8% and 41.1% respectively) followed by root perforation (12.2%), transportation (11.7%), ledge formation (5%), instrument breakage (2.8%) and missed canal (3.3%). Conclusion: The study concluded that over forty percent of the RCTs performed by dental graduates having no specialization on endodontics are of substandard quality and hence not acceptable.
European Journal of Research in Dentistry
Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to compare the volumes of unfilled areas in oval-shaped root canals filled with five different obturation techniques after minimally invasive root canal shaping using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: 50 extracted mandibular premolars with oval-shaped root canals were used. Root canals were instrumented with K3 files (Kerr, USA) to size #30.04. Then, the samples were randomly distributed into five groups and obturated with different techniques; single cone technique with AH plus (Group A), single cone technique with BIO-C® SEALER (Group B), modified lateral condensation technique with AH Plus using 0.04 GP (Group C), conventional lateral condensation technique with AH Plus using 0.02 GP (Group D) and continuous warm compaction with AH plus (Group E). All teeth were scanned using CBCT before and after obturation. Volume of voids was calculated in each third of the root canal using 3D Doctors software. Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn tests were used for statistics (p<0.05). Results: Group E showed the least mean volume percentage of voids, whereas Group A showed the highest mean volume percentage of voids in the coronal third, the middle third and overall. However, in the middle and apical thirds, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the mean volume percentage of voids (p>0.05). Conclusion: The obturation technique effected the quality of obturation minimally in the middle and apical thirds of oval-shaped root canals. The single cone techniques had a higher percentage volume of voids than the continuous wave compaction technique.
Comparison of Adaptability of Three Different Root Canal Obturation Materials
World Journal of Dentistry
Objective: The aim was to evaluate and compare the adaptability of the three obturation materials: gutta-percha, GuttaFlow, and Soft-Core to the root canal walls. Materials and methods: Totally 30 mandibular premolar teeth were selected. The teeth were standardized and prepared with ProTaper rotary files. The teeth were randomly and equally divided into three groups-gutta-percha group: obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer using lateral compaction technique; Soft-Core group: obturated using Soft-Core system; and GuttaFlow: obturated with GuttaFlow. The roots of the teeth were sectioned at three levels (apical, middle, and coronal) and were observed under a stereomicroscope at 40× magnification. Area of voids (AVs), frequency of voids, and location of the voids were analyzed using image analysis software. Results: The lowest mean of AV was obtained by GuttaFlow 1.25% ± 1.93, followed by gutta-percha 1.33% ± 2.16, and Soft-Core 1.74% ± 2.23. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference among the three groups and the levels of the root. The frequency of voids in the coronal and the middle levels was more than the apical for all groups. The highest frequency of voids was detected in Soft-Core, followed by GuttaFlow and gutta-percha respectively. The voids were located in the interphase between sealer and obturation material as well as sealer and root canal walls in the gutta-percha and Soft-Core groups, whereas it was almost confined to the core for GuttaFlow group. Conclusion: GuttaFlow has a better adaptability to the walls compared with Soft-Core system and laterally compacted gutta-percha with AH Plus sealer. Clinical significance: GuttaFlow is an appropriate obturation material to enhance endodontic treatment.
International Endodontic Journal, 2009
Souza EM, Wu M-K, van der Sluis LW, Leonardo RT, Bonetti-Filho I, Wesselink PR. Effect of filling technique and root canal area on the percentage of gutta-percha in laterally compacted root fillings. International Endodontic Journal. Aim To determine the influence of filling technique and root canal area on the percentage of gutta-percha (PGP) in laterally compacted root fillings. Methodology Sixty extracted canine teeth were accessed and the root canals instrumented to the same size. They were then divided in three groups and filled with laterally compacted gutta-percha cones and AH Plus using different techniques. A variation of cold lateral compaction using a sequence of spreaders prior to accessory cone placement was compared to two commonly-used techniques. Twenty additional canines with prepared root canals were used as negative controls in which gutta-percha was introduced into the canals but no compaction applied. The roots were sectioned horizontally at 3 and 6 mm from the apex and micro-photographs taken. Using software, the area of the canals and gutta-percha at each level were measured and PGP calculated. A Multivariate analysis was used to determine the variables influencing PGP. A linear regression test was used to verify the variation in PGP explained by canal area. Results At each level the largest canal was two to three times wider than the smallest. Canal area significantly influenced the PGP at both levels (P < 0.05), however, the variation in PGP was only partially explained by canal area (r 2 = 0.154, 6 mm; r 2 = 0.119, 3 mm). The PGP at the 3 mm level was lower than at 6 mm (P = 0.003). The spreader-sequence technique achieved a higher PGP than the other two techniques (P = 0.00002). The control group had the lowest area of GP. Conclusions Variations in root canal filling technique and canal area influenced the percentage of gutta-percha of laterally compacted root fillings. The percentage of gutta-percha was lower at the 3 mm level compared to the 6 mm level.
Dentistry Journal
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to compare the quality of the root canal obturation obtained with two different techniques, i.e., thermoplastic gutta-percha introduced through a carrier (GuttaCore) and fluid gutta-percha (GuttaFlow2). Materials and Methods: The study included 40 permanent single-rooted human teeth, divided into two groups and obturated with Guttaflow (group G) and with GuttaCore (group T). The teeth were fixed and transversely sectioned, they were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The dentin–cement–gutta–percha interface and the percentage of voids produced by the two techniques were statistically analyzed. Results: GuttaCore showed a better filling in the apical third of the canal with a percentage of voids equal to 5%. GuttaFlow showed a lower percentage of voids in the middle and coronal thirds of the canal, 1.6% of coronal voids. Statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the percentage of voids in the two groups...
Scanning, 2015
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the presence of voids in oval root canals filled with different root canal sealers (EndoSequence BC Sealer, Smartpaste bio, ActiV GP) and to compare those with root canals filled with AH Plus sealer using micro-CT. In total, 40 freshly extracted human single-root maxillary premolars were used. Specimens instrumented with the EndoSequence NiTi rotary instrument were assigned randomly into four groups. In each group, root canals were filled with single-cone gutta-percha and one of the tested sealers. Each specimen was then scanned using micro-CT at a voxel resolution of 13.47 mm. Proportions of sections with voids in cross-sectional images and void volumes for each sealer were calculated in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds. Differences according to root canal sealers were evaluated statistically using the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U-test at a significance level of 5%. The analysis showed a decrease in void formation in the apical third, with a significant difference between the apical and coronal thirds among bioceramic sealers, ActiV GP, and AH Plus (p < 0.05) but no significant difference between the apical and middle thirds or between the middle and coronal thirds was found for the sealers tested (p > 0.05). All root canal sealers tested resulted in voids. The bioceramic sealers (EndoSequence BC Sealer, Smartpaste bio) produced similar voids which had the fewest in the apical third of root canals among the sealers tested which can be related due to root canal anatomy variations. SCANNING 38:133-140, 2016.