Effective Parameters in Extraction of Sulfuric Acid by Trioctylamine ( TOA ) as Organic Extractant (original) (raw)
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Experimental and Modeling Studies on the Extraction of Glutaric Acid by Trioctylamine
Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, 2009
The reactive extraction equilibria for aqueous solutions of glutaric acid, with trioctylamine (TOA) in various diluents, including isoamyl alcohol, octan-1-ol, nonan-1-ol, decan-1-ol, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), hexan-2-one, toluene, kerosene, and n-hexane, were determined at various TOA concentrations. Experimental results of batch extraction experiments are calculated and reported as distribution coefficients (K D ), loading factors (Z), and extraction efficiency (E). All measurements were carried out at 25°C. Kerosene was found to be the most effective diluent with the highest value of K D (7.88). The complexation constants K 11 and K 21 were calculated for each diluent. The results of the liquid-liquid equilibrium measurements were correlated by a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model which takes into account physical interactions and modified Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Experimental results of the glutaric acid extraction are compared to model results.
Reactive extraction of phenols using sulfuric acid salts of trioctylamine
Chemical Engineering Science, 1999
An experimental study of phenol and o-cresol reactive extraction using sulfuric acid salts oftrioctylamine, via emulsion liquid membrane is presented. The effects of carrier concentration and of the volume ratio of phases were investigated. Two models, one proposed by and the second proposed by Van (1993) were tested. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Liquid-liquid extraction of mineral acids using Tri-n-octylamine
Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 2019
The present work reports the extraction behaviors of mineral acids: HClO4, HNO3, HCl and H2SO4 (commonly found in acidic bleed solutions from the hydrometallurgical route of metal extraction processes) by tri-n-octylamine (TOA) dissolved in distilled colorless kerosene. The systems have been investigated as functions of various experimental parameters, such as time, [acid], [TOA], temperature, extraction stage and the organic to aqueous phase volume ratio (O/A). Strippings was also examined. Equilibration time is less than 60 min. The acid concentration in the organic phase at equilibrium is increased with increasing initial acid concentration in the aqueous phase for all systems. However, the is after %extraction decreased with increasing initial acid concentration in the aqueous phase. The % extraction increased remarkably with increasing [TOA] for all cases. Being the ratio of the [acid] in the organic to aqueous phase at equilibrium equal to extraction ratio, D; the log D vs. log [TOA] plot is almost a curve with slope 1 at lower concentration region and with slope ~2 at higher concentration region. The extraction efficiency of TOA varies in the order: HClO4> HNO3> HCl > H2SO4. The acid-base-neutralization (extraction) reactions are exothermic with ΔH value much higher than -57 kJ/mol obtainable for of a strong acid - strong base neutralization. The loading capacity of extractant (g per 100 g TOA) for acids varied in the order: HClO4 (30.69) > HNO3 (20.49) > H2SO4 (17.87) > HCl (10.31). On using lower organic to aqueous phase volume ratio (O/A), the organic phase saturated with acid can be obtained on stage-wise extraction. The extracted organic phase, for all systems (excepting H2SO4-system) under investigation, can be stripped effectively in a single stage by 0.10 g eq/L NaOH solution to the extents of more than 96%. However, for H2SO4-system, two-stage stripping will be found effective.
Extraction of Sulphur Species Using Deep Eutectic Solvent
2015
The burning of fuel containing sulphur compound produce sulphur oxides (SO2) and can be considered a major source of pollution. Therefore, many research has been conducted to reduce the sulphur content in the fuel to meet the regulation requirement. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DES) are synthesized using choline chloride and glycerol. The prepared DES are characterized using density meter. Then, performance of the DES for deep desulphurization of model oil via liquid-liquid extraction are monitored. The performance DES indicated by the extraction efficiency by measure the concentration sulphur using gas chromatography. The extraction conducted by mixing n-dodecane containing sulphur as model oil and synthesized DES. The experiment conducted at room temperature, the mixture stirred at 400rpm for 3hrs. Lastly, the extraction efficiency of recycle DES without regeneration monitored. The parameters interested in the experiment are effect of initial concentration of model oil, ...
The extraction of sulfate sulfur from coals by organic acids
Fuel Processing Technology, 1999
Determination of sulfate sulfur in coal has been done by using organic acids, namely: acetic acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid. The results have been compared with those of the ASTM HCl method. It is found that 0.5 M tartaric acid is a suitable reagent by which sulfate sulfur can be effectively extracted. Minor increases of sulfate sulfur in the tartaric acid extraction over that of HCl extraction may be correlated with the solubility of sulfate minerals which seem to be unleached with the mineral acid. This has been verified by studying the solubilities of gypsum and pyrite in the tartaric acid solution. Increased solubilities of gypsum and of sulfate obtained from pyrite have been found as the concentration of tartaric acid is increased. The variation of sulfate sulfur content in the extractions of 0.5 M tartaric acid and 4.8 M HCl is not significant. As the Ž mineral acid could degrade the organic sulfur which can affect its determination, calculated by . difference , the use of tartaric acid is strongly recommended for the determination of sulfate sulfur in coal. q
Recovery of Glutaric acid by Reactive Extraction using Tri-n-Octylamine in Different Biodiesels
Oriental Journal of Chemistry
This paper is aimed to recover glutaric acid from aqueous solution by using Tri-n-octyl amine in different biodiesels through an experimental investigation by reactive extraction. Here glutaric is extracted by reversible complexion reaction with tri-n-octylamine extractant present in three types of biodiesel-sunflower, sesame and rice bran. The distribution coefficients (K D) for experimental investigation system comes out to be (9.38-25.37) for sunflower biodiesel, (9.61-30.88) for sesame biodiesel and (10.62-29.92) rice bran diesel. The determined loading ratios (Ø) were in the range (0.27-4.05) for sunflower biodiesel, (0.27-4.02) for sesame biodiesel and (0.27-4.05) rice bran biodiesel, indicating overloading of the extractant. A very high average extraction efficiency (%E) is in the range of (90.36-96.20) for sunflower biodiesel, (90.57-96.86) for sesame biodiesel and (91.40-96.30) rice bran biodiesel) were obtained in the present investigation.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Crud formation during reactive extraction hinders phase separation and makes the application of conventional extraction equipment more challenging. This study investigates the influence of amines as a reactive extractant, pH value, and temperature on the crud formation and extraction efficiency for the reactive extraction of lignosulfonates from the Ca−lignosulfonate model solution and spent sulfite liquor. The overall extraction efficiency for different amines dissolved in 1-octanol increased in the order quaternary < tertiary < secondary < primary amines for both the model solution and the spent liquor. Phase equilibria for dioctylamine and trioctylamine showed that the temperature increase from 25 to 50°C had no effect on the extraction efficiency but clearly reduced the crud formation in the extraction step. No crud was observed during back extraction into deionized water, 0.3 M NaOH, or 0.3 M NaHCO 3. The pH value highly influences the phase equilibrium; the extraction step has to be performed at low pH values and the back extraction step at high pH values.
Extraction of sulfite for wastewater treatment and for analytical determination
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT, 2019
Due to the international demand for fresh agricultural products, especially fruits, which result in long travel times from the production centers to the final markets, the preservation of these products becomes very important. Within the most common conservation methods, sulfite stands out. However, to preserve the ecosystem and the environment, it is the great interest to remove this substance from residual waters of preservation treatments and to prevent the contamination of layers of water and soils. Due to the great importance of the fruit industry in our country is necessary to develop techniques that allow treating this kind of wastewater to avoid affecting environmental and human conditions. For that reason, in this work we describe a system specially designed to carry out tests of absorption of sulfite by membranes, using a Celgard Liquicel® module, which puts in contact indirect two solutions, a feeding solution with the sulfite to extract and a solution NaOH receptor. The sulfite transferred from the feeding solution to the NaOH solution in the form of sulfur dioxide reacts with NaOH. Later, sulfite can be sensed via electrochemistry using modified reticular carbon electrodes. The best extraction results were obtained for a sodium hydroxide of 0.2 mol/dm 3 and a concentration of 1,500 mg/dm 3 sodium sulfite for the feeding, obtaining about 78% extraction, at a constant flow rate of 0.0083 dm 3 /s. By varying the flow rates keeping both concentrations constant, in the levels earlier mentioned, an increase in the extraction was observed from the flow of 0.0042 dm 3 /s to 0.0083 dm 3 /s, but no appreciable difference between the maximum of 0.0083 dm 3 /s and 0.0125 dm 3 /s was achieved. In addition, these results can lead to a marketable prototype that includes the separation and removal of sulfite from wastewater from the fruit and agricultural industry quickly and effectively.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2011
Interest in pyruvic acid has been growing due to the increase in its potential areas of use and its importance in metabolic reactions. These reasons along with the limitations on recovery have prompted researchers to consider novel recovery techniques. Reactive extraction has been proposed as a promising approach to the recovery of carboxylic acids. In this study, equilibrium and kinetic data were obtained for reactive extraction of pyruvic acid using trioctylamine (TOA) or Alamine 336 in 1-octanol or oleyl alcohol. The results showed that, without pH adjustment in the aqueous phase, and without the use of an extractant, 1-octanol extracted more pyruvic acid than oleyl alcohol with a distribution coefficient (K D) of 0.30. This trend remained the same when tertiary amines were used as an extractant. The K D values did not significantly differ with TOA or Alamine 336. The recovery of pyruvic acid was observed to increase as a function of TOA concentration and the stoichiometry of the reaction was mainly 1:1. As tertiary amines react only with undissociated acids, an increase in the initial pH of the aqueous phase lowered the K D values. When the pH was 4.0, the effect of TOA concentration on pyruvic acid extraction disappeared and for all concentration levels a distribution coefficient of 0.10 was obtained. Kinetic measurements showed that the reaction between pyruvic acid and TOA in 1-octanol is first order with respect to the two reactants with a rate constant of 0.94 L mol À1 s À1. The enhancement factor was calculated as 25.
Kinetics of the Extraction of Succinic Acid with Tri-n-octylamine in 1-Octanol Solution
Biotechnology Progress, 2005
Kinetic studies for the extraction of succinic acid from aqueous solution with 1-octanol solutions of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) were carried out using a stirred cell with a microporous hydrophobic membrane. The interfacial concentrations of species were correlated and thus the intrinsic kinetics was obtained. The overall extraction process was controlled by the chemical reaction at or near the interface between the aqueous and organic phases. The formation reaction of succinic acid-TOA complex was found to be first order with respect to the concentration of succinic acid in the aqueous phase and the order of 0.5 with respect to that of TOA in the organic phase with a rate constant of (3.14 (0.6) × 10-8 m 2.5 ‚mol-0.5 ‚s-1. The dissociation reaction of succinic acid-TOA complex was found to be the second-order with respect to that of succinic acid-TOA complex in the organic phase and the order of-2 with respect to that of TOA in the organic phase with a rate constant of (1.44 (1.4) × 10-4 mol‚m-2 ‚s-1 .