Mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of water extracts from gac fruit (Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng) (original) (raw)
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Analysis of Phytonutrients, Anti-Mutagenic and Chemopreventive Effects of Tropical Fruit Extracts
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Thailand is located in the tropics and a wide variety of fruits are grown commercially. However, studies regarding the phytonutrients, anti-mutagenic and chemopreventive effects of these fruits are limited. Thus, phytochemical profiles and inhibition of key enzymes involved in obesity and diabetes, together with anti-mutagenic and chemopreventive properties of eight tropical fruit extracts cultivated in Thailand, including Psidium guajava ‘Kimju’, Psidium guajava ‘Keenok’, Ananas comosus ‘Pattavia’, Ananas comosus ‘Phulae’, Durio zibethinus ‘Chanee’, Durio zibethinus ‘Monthong’, Carica papaya ‘Khaekdum’ and Mangifera indica ‘Namdokmai’ were investigated. Different cultivars were also compared. Results showed that M. indica ‘Namdokmai’ was the most antioxidant-rich extract containing abundant 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and its derivative, gallic acid, as the main phenolics. M. indica ‘Namdokmai’ also exhibited high inhibitory capacities (>60% inhibition under studied conditions) agains...
Study of antioxidant and mutagenic activity of different orange juices
Food Chemistry, 2004
The mutagenic effects of in natura and processed (fresh and frozen) orange juices were evaluated by the Salmonella /microsome assay (Ames Test). Antioxidant potential was determined by deoxyribose degradation, as well as by the nitro blue tetrazolium reduction test. The juices inhibited degradation of deoxyribose and were able to trap the superoxide anion. At concentrations up to 1% they acted as pro-oxidants in lipid peroxidation in a concentration-dependent manner. However, this activity was less effective at 10% juice concentration. The sweetened processed juice was not able to decrease peroxidation nor to trap superoxide anions. Significant correlation between total phenolics and the inhibition of deoxyribose degradation was observed; also, a significant correlation between lipid peroxidation and total phenolics was found. Vitamin C was a pro-oxidant in tests employing transition metals. Mutagenicity was observed in the Ames test, particularly for fresh, in natura, juice samples. The highest responses were observed in strains TA97a and TA98. Fresh processed juice, which had the best antioxidant potential, was not mutagenic in any of the strains tested. Positive results for mutagenesis in TA97a, with metabolization, were correlated with total phenolics and vitamin C.
Food Science and Technology (Campinas), 2012
As frutas são importantes fontes de nutrientes na dieta humana e a Acerola (Malpighia glabra L.) é de particular interesse devido ao seu alto teor de antioxidantes. Dietas ricas em frutas e legumes protegem os indivíduos contra doenças e câncer, mas a ingestão excessiva de vitaminas pode atuar como pró-oxidante e gerar alterações no DNA. Para avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações da polpa in natura da Acerola (BAN) e congelada (BAF), e da vitamina C sintética na forma líquida (VC), em nível cromossômico e sobre o ciclo de divisão celular, foram utilizadas células meristemáticas de raiz de Allium cepa L. e células da medula óssea de ratos Wistar, Rattus norvegicus, como sistema teste. Em Allium cepa L., BAN, na maior concentração (0,4 mg.mL -1 ) e BAF, na menor concentração (0,2 mg.mL -1 ), houve inibição da divisão celular, e apenas para BAN houve recuperação da divisão celular após o período de recuperação em água. Em ratos Wistar, todos os tratamentos com Acerola, agudo ou subcrônico, não foram citotóxicos e mutagênicos, apenas a maior concentração de VC aumentou significativamente o percentual de anormalidades cromossômicas. Os dados obtidos são importantes porque reforçam o uso das frutas de Acerola na dieta. Palavras-chave: antioxidantes; citotoxicidade; mutagênese.
2012
Introduction and Objective: Malva nut (Scaphium scaphigerum (G. Don) Guib. & Planch.) belongs to Sterculiaceae family that is cultivated in Eastern part of Thailand. This plant is useful for medicines and beverages. At this moment, free radicals have been reported to be responsible for several diseases including they can generate the mutagenesis from DNA mutation. Therefore, this study aimed to measure antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of malva nut juice. Methods: The juices were examined for total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power and Ames test for antimutagenicity. Results: Total phenolic content of malva nut juice had 177.47+0.90 µg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of sample, respectively. Total flavonoid content had 418.69±13.89 µg quercetin equivalent (QE)/g of sample, respectively. Moreover, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of malva nut juice increased in dose-dependent manner over 5-100 mg/ml then attenuated until 500 mg/ml (IC 50 of malva nut juice was 7.47± 0.17 mg/ml). In addition, the reducing power of malva nut juice was also observed in dose relationship during 5-25 mg/ml and then decreased until the final concentration (500 mg/ml). Additionally, its mutagenic activity did not markedly observe both in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. Moreover, most nitrite-treated malva nut juice did not show the mutagenic effect on both tester strains in the absence of metabolic activation in acidic condition (pH 2.0-2.4). Then, malva nut juice was also examined for antimutagenicity against the nitrosated product between 1-aminopyrene and nitrite. The results revealed that malva nut juice exerted the most effective to inhibit such mutagenic product (85% of inhibition) towards strain TA98 whereas it showed the moderate effect in TA100. However, the inhibitory potency of malva nut juice on the formation between 1aminopyrene and nitrite was also observed. Conclusion: In conclusion, the malva nut juice may be used as an antioxidative purpose. Moreover, it may be useful to human health for the chemoprevention against direct-acting mutagen in a gastric-like condition.
Screening of In-Vitro Anti-Mutagenic Activity of Selected Plants
Any agent, which increases DNA damage or cell proliferation, can cause increased rate of mutation also increase the probability of cancer. A mutagen is considered an agent capable of destroying the integrity of hereditary mechanism of the cell or organism. Majority of known cancer causing agents are mutagens. The rate of tumor evolution and progression is accelerated by mutagenic agents. Mutation is now a day's increase in human being. Here screening of in vitro anti-mutagenic activity of selected plants Spheranthus indicus, Asteracantha longifolia, Jateorhiza palmata, Mucuna Pruriens, Tecomella undulate, Picrorhiza kurroa, Grewia tiliifolia, Myristica fragrans, Oroxylum indicum, Gymnosporia montana were investigated. The activity was assayed by Ames Salmonella mutagenicity test using histidine mutants of Salmonella typhimurium tester strains, MTCC 98, MTCC 1251 and MTCC 1252. The hydroalcoholic extract of the plants significantly inhibited (P < 0.001) the in vitro by direct ...
Mutagenicity and Anti Mutagenicity of Thai Traditional Medicine: Ya-Rid-Si-Duang-Mahakal
The mutagenic and anti-mutagenic effects of Thai traditional medicine (Ya-rid-si-duang-mahakal) were evaluated. The drug was prepared by mixing authentic plant materials according to the traditional recipe, extracted by ethyl alcohol and water respectively. The alcohol extract, the water extract and the whole extract (the mixture of alcohol and water extract) were studied for their mutagenicity on Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 and TA100 of the Ames test in an acidic condition (pH 3 - 3.5) without enzyme activating system. None of them exhibited direct mutagenicity whilst all showed mutagenic effect on both strains after nitrosation. Alcohol extract showed higher mutagenic activity than whole extract and water extract respectively. All extracts expressed dose dependent inhibitory effect against nitrite treated 1- aminopyrine (except water extract at 1.125 milligram per plate) on both strains. The anti- mutagenic activity of alcohol extract was higher than whole extract and water...
Mutagenicity study of weeds and common plants used in traditional medicine and for animal feed
The Southeast Asian journal of tropical medicine and public health, 2006
Mutagenicity and antimutagenicity potentials were tested using Ames' test in crude distilled water and absolute ethanol extracts from the stems and leaves of Peperomia pellucida (Linn.) Kunth, Eichhornia crassipes Solms, Colocasia esculenta Schott and Brachiaria mutica (Forssk.) Stapf, and the stems of Musa sapientum Linn. No mutagenic effect was found in any of the 10 mg/plate crude extracts of these plants for either TA98 or TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium, in a direct test and a mutagenic induced test by S-9 mix. Both distilled water and absolute ethanol extract of 0.5-10 mg/plate B. mutica showed strong antimutagenicity to AFB1, B(a)P and 4NQO in two tester strains. Ethanol extract of 0.1-0.5 mg/plate C. esculenta also showed antimutagenicity to AFB1, B(a)P and 4NQO in two tester strains, but the 0.5-10 mg/plate water extract had an antimutagenic effect only for B(a)P in TA98. The ethanol extracts of 5 mg/plate B. mutica and 0.5 mg/plate C. esculenta are cytotoxic, as indica...
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016
Garcinia mangostana,popularly known as “mangosteen fruit,” originates from Southeast Asia and came to Brazil about 80 years ago where it mainly grows in the states of Pará and Bahia. Although mangosteen or its extracts have been used for ages in Asian folk medicine, data on its potential genotoxicity is missing. We, therefore, evaluated genotoxicity/mutagenicity of hydroethanolic mangosteen extract [HEGM, 10 to 640 μg/mL] in established test assays (Comet assay, micronucleus test, andSalmonella/microsome test). In the Comet assay, HEGM-exposed human leukocytes showed no DNA damage. No significant HEGM-induced mutation in TA98 and TA100 strains ofSalmonella typhimurium(with or without metabolic activation) was observed and HEGM-exposed human lymphocytes had no increase of micronuclei. However, HEGM suggested exposure concentration-dependent antigenotoxic potential in leukocytes and antioxidant potential in the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae. HEGM preloading effectively protected again...
Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016
Garcinia mangostana, popularly known as "mangosteen fruit," originates from Southeast Asia and came to Brazil about 80 years ago where it mainly grows in the states of Pará and Bahia. Although mangosteen or its extracts have been used for ages in Asian folk medicine, data on its potential genotoxicity is missing. We, therefore, evaluated genotoxicity/mutagenicity of hydroethanolic mangosteen extract [HEGM, 10 to 640 g/mL] in established test assays (Comet assay, micronucleus test, and Salmonella/microsome test). In the Comet assay, HEGM-exposed human leukocytes showed no DNA damage. No significant HEGM-induced mutation in TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium (with or without metabolic activation) was observed and HEGM-exposed human lymphocytes had no increase of micronuclei. However, HEGM suggested exposure concentration-dependent antigenotoxic potential in leukocytes and antioxidant potential in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. HEGM preloading effectively protected against H 2 O 2-induced DNA damage in leukocytes (Comet assay). Preloading of yeast with HEGM for up to 4 h significantly protected the cells from lethality of chronic H 2 O 2-exposure, as expressed in better survival. Absence of genotoxicity and demonstration of an antigenotoxic and antioxidant potential suggest that HEGM or some substances contained in it may hold promise for pharmaceutical or nutraceutical application.
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis
Fresh and processed cashew (Anacardium occidentale) apple juice (CAJ) are among the most popular drinks in Brazil. Besides their nutritional benefits, these juices have antibacterial and antitumor potential. The chemical constituents of both the fresh juice and the processed juice (cajuina) were analyzed and characterized as complex mixtures containing high concentrations of vitamin C, various carotenoids, phenolic compounds, and metals. In the present study, these beverages exhibited direct and rat liver S9-mediated mutagenicity in the Salmonella/microsome assay with strains TA97a, TA98, and TA100, which detect frameshifts and base pair substitution. No mutagenicity was observed with strain TA102, which detects oxidative and alkylating mutagens and active forms of oxygen. Both CAJ and cajuina showed antioxidant activity as determined by a total radical-trapping potential assay. To test whether this antioxidant potential might result in antimutagenesis, we used a variation of the Sa...