Histological impact of nutritional style alteration in mice (original) (raw)
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Food and Chemical Toxicology, 1995
Among the findings that are entirely new are the adverse effects of the high fibre (LM) diet on the incidence of the uterine and mesenteric lymph node tumours, and the significant effect of restricting intake of SM diet to 80% ad lib. in reducing the incidence of lung adenomas and adenocarcinomas to zero. The findings are considered in the light of earlier studies of the effects of dietary composition and calorie intake, and also in relation to the genetically determined characteristics of the Wistar strain of rats used in the study. Finally, the implications of the results of the study in relation to testing chemicals for chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity are discussed. All six interrelated aims of the study were achieved. However, the relative paucity of in-life measurements, particularly for circulating hormones, resulted in less being obtained from the study than had been hoped with respect to identifying in-life predictors of survival and disease. Many other analyses could be undertaken on the mass of data from this large study. The investigators would welcome requests for access to the data, which are stored on computer. Key as for Table 4C except that comparison is with SMA instead of SBA. Also (-) and (+) indicate significance at the P < 0.1 level. N.S. = not significant.
Nutrition Research, 2008
This study evaluates the effects of age and chronic dietary restriction (DR) on nonneoplastic diseases in rats that were fed the American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93M purified diet. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into an ad libitum (AL) group and a DR group that was fed the AIN-93M diet with intake reduced by 31%. Nonneoplastic disease profiles were developed to clarify whether the AIN-93M diet fulfills long-term nutritional requirements of rats. Subsets of rats were killed at 58 and 114 weeks of age, and histopathology was performed. At 58 weeks of age, the 2 main types of nonneoplastic diseases in AL rats were liver vacuolization and cardiomyopathy. Dietary restriction reduced the severity and incidence of both lesions. At 114 weeks of age, the most common lesions in AL rats were cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, liver vacuolization, and degeneration with renal failure and genitourinary infections causing the greatest mortality. Dietary restriction reduced the incidence and severity of these lesions. Nonneoplastic diseases accounted for 28.9% and 0.0% of total mortalities in the AL and DR groups, respectively; however, there was a higher incidence of unknown deaths in the DR rats (52.6%) compared to AL rats (28.9%), which may have limited the success of DR to improve survival. Although the AIN-93M diet supported chronic rat growth, alterations in some dietary component concentrations may be required to lower body weight in chronic rodent and human studies. Factors such as diet composition and digestibility may alter nonneoplastic diseases and mortality in rats and humans in a similar fashion. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Hematological impact in mice due to alteration in their nutritional style
Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
It is well established that alteration of diet style from plant-based to fat-rich diet lead to many complications including cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and as well as anemia. According to our previous researches, changing in nutritional style from a conventional diet to fat-rich diet caused disturbance in the histology and function of different organs. So this work aims to study the effect of transition from a completely plant-based diet to 10% animal products on different hematology parameters in mice by using two groups of adult male Balb/c mice (n=8 mice for each). The first group represents restricted group that fed on conventional diet containing 10% sheep brain homogenate, while the second group represents control group that fed ad libitum on conventional diet only. The mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after 7 days. Blood samples were collected from the eyes in sterile tubes and immediately used to determine complete blood count (CBC). The results showed that platelets count, platelets/Lymphocytes ratio, and the total count of white blood cells particularly monocytes in restricted group are significantly higher than those in control group. However, Red blood cells RBCs, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, RDW-SD level are significantly lower in restricted group in comparison with those of control group. In conclusion, these results indicate that nutritional style alteration can affect cellular elements of blood and may provoke anemia, thromboembolism and immune response which need further investigation.
Biogenesis: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 2021
Researchers attempted to obtain animal models that experienced hypercholesterolemia and led to liver damage to determine the performance of the liver. Rats were chosen because of the ease of handling, collecting organ and blood samples. Still, their high price and availability that are more difficult to find have made some researchers look for alternatives to other animal models such as mice. This study aims to determine the role of a modified high-fat diet as an alternative diet for mice to experience hepar damage. Male mice treated for four and eight weeks with a modified high-fat diet were sacrificed for their liver, then they were tested for histopathology using the paraffin method and HE staining. The characterization of hepar damage traits was carried out to score the degree of parenchymal degeneration, hydropic degeneration, and necrosis. The results showed that the control group, four and eight weeks of atherogenic diet had more than 50% cell damage, presumably due to the ro...
Influence of Diet on Survival of Mice
Proceedings of The National Academy of Sciences, 1976
The longevity of mice of the (NZB X NZW)Fj (B/W) strain and the DBA/2f strain of mice is dramatically prolonged by dietary restriction. B/W mice are susceptible to, and die at an early age from, immunocomplex nephritis. Mice of the DBA/2f strain are also relatively shortlived. Restriction of caloric intake prolonged life of B/W mice more than did protein restriction. DBA/2f mice showed prolongation of life when the diet was restricted only with respect to protein. Calorie restriction alone prolonged life less in DBA/2f mice than in B/W mice. These observations show that dietary manipulations have profound effects on immunity functions, including inhibition of the development of life-shortening autoimmune disease.
Toxicological Sciences, 2000
A 2-year study was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats to compare the effects of ad libitum (AL) feeding and dietary restriction (DR) on body weight, survival, cause of death, and clinical pathology parameters. Three groups of 120 rats/sex each received the following daily rations of a maintenance rodent diet: ad libitum (AL group); 75% of adult AL food consumption (25% DR group); and 45% of adult AL food consumption (55% DR group). Among the 3 groups, there were generally no differences in relative (food intake per gram of body weight) food consumption. Compared to the AL group, decreased body weight gain occurred in DR groups and was associated with an increase in survival proportional to the DR rate. The main cause of death was pituitary adenomas in all groups. Decreases in total leukocyte, segmented neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts occurred in the 55% DR group. In serum biochemistry, there were decreases in total protein, albumin, total and HDL cholesterol, and total calcium, and increases in alkaline phosphatase activities and chloride in 55% DR females, as well as decreases in triglycerides in the 55% DR group and in 25% DR females. Results of urinalyses showed decreases in urine volume and protein, and increases in urinary pH in both DR groups. In conclusion, a DR rate of approximately 25% appears to be appropriate for Sprague-Dawley rats in toxicity and carcinogenicity assays to improve survival without impairing growth and routine clinical pathology parameters.
Nutrition Research, 2008
The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of age and long-term dietary reduction on neoplastic diseases in rats fed the AIN-93M purified diet. Second, pathologic profiles are critical to comprehensive dietary evaluation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats assigned to 2 groups, ad libitum (AL) and dietary restricted (DR), were fed the AIN-93M (casein protein) diet free choice and reduced in amount by 31%, respectively. At 58 weeks of age, the predominant types of lesions in AL and DR rats were pituitary and skin tumors. At 114 weeks of age, the most common lesions were pituitary, adrenal gland, skin, mammary, brain, and pancreatic tumors and mononuclear cell leukemia. However, DR had no significant effect on these lesions. Primary findings demonstrate that DR significantly reduced the total number of tumors per rat and incidence of benign and primary tumors (all organs) but did not reduce the incidence of malignant tumors (all organs). Dietary restriction increased the percentage of unknown deaths. These results may explain why survival rates for AL and DR rats were not significantly different at 114 weeks (43.3 vs 57.5%, respectively). These findings differ from previous studies using NIH-31 cereal diet (Aging Clin Exp Res 16:448) where neoplastic lesions rather than nonneoplastic lesions were linked to a significant increase in survival rate among cohorts of DR-fed rats (J Nutr 2002;132:101). Factors such as diet composition and digestibility, although not independent of body weight, may have contributed to differences in rat mortality and may affect humans in a similar manner. Published by Elsevier Inc.
The effect of western diet on mice brain lipid composition
Nutrition & Metabolism
Background The appropriate fatty acids composition of brain lipids is critical for functioning of this organ. The alterations of brain fatty acids composition may lead to neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Methods The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of western diet containing high fat content on fatty acid composition of brain lipids. In this study we used mice fed high fat diet (HFD) for 19 weeks. Brain lipids were separated by SPE extraction and fatty acid composition in chow, mice serum, brain and other tissues was analyzed by GC-MS method. Results The body weight and adipose tissue weigh of mice after HFD increased significantly. The concentrations of most of fatty acids in serum of mice after HFD increased, due to their higher delivery from food. Unexpectedly the serum eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentration was lower in mice after HFD than in controls. Also the brain, and other tissue EPA content was lower. Among studied groups of brain lipids EPA was s...
The Journal of Nutrition, 1997
Overfeeding by ad libitum (AL) food consumption is the most significant, uncontrolled variable affecting the outcome of the current rodent bioassay. The correlation of food consumption, the resultant adult body weight and the 2-y survival in Sprague-Dawley rats is highly significant. Feeding natural ingredient diets that varied in protein, fiber and metabolizable energy content did not improve low 2-y survival if Sprague-Dawley rats were allowed AL food consumption. Moderate dietary restriction (DR) of all diets tested significantly improved survival and delayed the onset of spontaneous degenerative disease (i.e., nephropathy and cardiomyopathy) and diet-related tumors. By 2 y, moderate DR resulted in an incidence of spontaneous tumors similar to that seen with AL consumption; however, the tumors were more likely to be incidental and did not result in early mortality. There was a decreased age-adjusted incidence in pituitary and mammary gland tumors, but tumor volume and growth time were similar in the AL and DR groups, indicating a similar tumor progression with a delay in tumor onset. Moderate DR did not significantly alter drug-metabolizing enzyme activities or the toxicologic response to five pharmaceuticals tested at maximum tolerated doses (MTD). However, moderate DR did require higher doses of compounds to be given before classical MTD were produced with four pharmaceutical drug candidates. Toxicokinetic studies of two of these compounds demonstrated steady-state systemic exposures that were equal or higher in moderate DR-fed rats. These and other data indicate that moderate DR is the most appropriate method of dietary control for rodent bioassays used to assess human safety of candidate pharmaceuticals.
Diet, caloric restriction, and the rodent bioassay
Toxicological Sciences, 1999
The diet can significantly alter the results of toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. Ad libitum (AL) overfeeding of excessive calories to sedentary adult rodents is one of the most poorly controlled variables affecting the current rodent bioassay. AL-overfed rodents develop an early onset of adverse metabolic events, endocrine-disruptive degenerative diseases, and tumors that result in early morbidity and mortality. AL food consumption is extremely variable, but has a strong correlation with adult body weight, obesity, and survival. AL feeding of diets with modified protein, fiber, and energy content are not as effective as simple, moderate dietary (caloric) restriction (DR) in controlling these study variables. Moderate DR (70 -75% of adult AL) is operationally simple and controls adult body weights, prevents obesity, and improves health and survival by reducing or delaying diet-related endocrine, renal, and cardiac diseases. Moderate DR provides a uniform rodent model, increases treatment exposure time, and increases the statistical sensitivity of these chronic bioassays to detect true treatment effects. Feeding a balanced diet by a moderate DR regimen of 70 -75% of the maximum, unrestricted adult AL food intake is recommended for conducting well-controlled toxicity and carcinogenicity studies.