Socio-Cultural Insight of Gujjar and Bakerwal in Jammu and Kashmir (original) (raw)
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Life Styles of Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir
International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology
This paper deals with life styles of gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir. Here researcher studied about physical appearance, religions, customs, rituals, games and sports of gujjar tribe of Jammu and Kashmir. Researcher conducted interview of various people belong to gujjar tribe of Jammu and Kashmir. Researcher also took the help of previous research studies and literature for gaining information about these particular aspects of gujjar tribe of Jammu and Kashmir.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CONDITION OF TRIBAL (GUJJARS AND BAKERWALS) IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR
International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 2019
Gujjars and Bakerwals constitute more than 11.9% population in the state of Jammu and Kashmir (census 2011). It is the only Schedule Tribes population in the state which preserve their traditional values and culture throughout the ages. They are primarily nomadic in character and moved from one place to another in search of pastures for their cattle. Due to seasonal migration they suffered a lot, it made a great impact on the education of their children, and they face health issue because of unavailability of health facilities, moreover, they lost their cattle during their journey due to bad weather or due to some unavoidable circumstance which shattered the economy of Gujjars and Bakerwals. Different research works and findings reveal that the condition of Gujjars and Bakerwals is not good as compare to other sections of the society. In this Research Paper, an attempt was made to understand the Social, Economic, and Political, condition of Tribal (Gujjars and Bakerwals) in Jammu and Kashmir. This Research paper also recommends some suggestions in order to resolve the issues or challenges faced by the tribal community of the state.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 2021
The present study is prepared for the purpose of modernization and its Impact on the Gujjars tribe. Modernization is a process of transformation from a traditional, rural, agrarian society to a secular, urban industrial society. Gujjar community in the Rajouri district of the Jammu division faces a variety of difficulties and is not aware of modernization. The traditional lifestyle dominates them. They are traditionally different from the other community of the society. Lifestyle. They are living in the primitive lifestyle of culture. Gujjars are totally dependent upon the herders on animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport. They move here and there in search of pasture and water for their livestock. Objectives of the study To find out the socioeconomic profile of the Gujjar tribe of Jammu and Kashmir and examine the extent to which modernization affects the traditional lifestyle of the Gujjars tribes in Jammu and Kashmir. Research Methodology The present study was conducted purposively in the Rajouri district of Jammu and Kashmir. The district needs the study because till now, and not much study has been conducted there. The total size of the sample that constitutes was 100 respondents through a random sampling method. Results The Gujjar tribes have undergone remarkable changes in their education, health, religion and lifestyle of the tribal society.
The Culture and Traditions of the Bakarwal and Gujjar Communities in Jammu and Kashmir
Galaxy International Multidiscipilanary Research Journal, 2024
In Jammu and Kashmir, the Bakarwal and Gujjar populations embody a distinct cultural legacy intricately entwined with the Himalayan terrain. These communities, who are predominantly pastoral and semi-nomadic, have managed to hold onto their customs in the face of increasing modernization, political unrest, and environmental shifts. The Gujjars, who are frequently settled but are still strongly associated with pastoralism, and the Bakarwals, who are renowned for their nomadic lifestyle, have a rich cultural heritage that includes distinctive languages, traditional dress, music, dance, festivals, and religious rituals. With the help of this research paper, which intends to investigate and record these cultural traditions, a thorough knowledge of how these communities have maintained their identities over millennia will be possible. This research paper emphasizes the tenacity and adaptability of the Bakarwal and Gujjar people while highlighting the difficulties brought on by outside factors, such as the loss of grazing areas and industrialization, through a review of prior studies, field observations, and interviews. The results imply that, despite major obstacles, these communities' cultural traditions are still alive and essential to who they are. Recommendations for safeguarding this cultural heritage are included in the study's conclusion, highlighting the significance of policy interventions and community-based programs. This research adds to a greater knowledge of indigenous cultures in the context of a world that is changing quickly by recording and examining the cultural practices of the Bakarwal and Gujjar populations.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 2021
Jammu and Kashmir are known as the crown of our country. Schedule tribe is the third largest community in the State of Jammu and Kashmir. They primarily reside in the hilly and mountainous regions of the state. They are economically and socially poor but culturally sound. The economic poverty among the Gujjar tribe is more than the other population of the state. Their living standard is deficient as compared to the other section of the society. This paper is based on both primary and secondary sources of data. The main objective of this study is to analyze the socioeconomic condition of the Gujjar tribe in the Rajouri district of Jammu and Kashmir.
A Study on Socio-economic Status of Gujjars and Bakerwals of Jammu Division of India
Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology
Gujjars and Bakerwals are the third largest ethnic group in Jammu and Kashmir and constitute more than 11.9 per cent of the total population of the state. The study was conducted in order to access the socioeconomic conditions and migration status of Gujjars and Bakerwals of Jammu division. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed for the selection of districts, blocks, villages and ultimate respondents. The total sample size was 112. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for collection of data. The mean age of the respondents was 49.91±15.50 years and mean education was 2.29±2.09 years. 36.6 per cent of the respondents were illiterate. Majority of the respondents (60.71%) had marginal land holding and 19.64 per cent respondents had small land holding, in case of migration status only 47.3 per cent were migrating. Kacha houses were possessed by 63.4 per cent of the respondents. Further, it is concluded that the number of sheep, goat and buffalo affected the migration status of gujjars and bakerwals significantly (R 2 =0.580) followed by sheep, goat and cow (R 2 =0.556). This study gives a concrete fact about the background of "Tribal Developmental schemes" their impact on tribal people and social change came in their life due to it.
Cultural Study of Gujjar Tribe Community: A Mind-mapping Through Practices and Beliefs
Cultural Study of Gujjar Tribe Community: A Mind-mapping Through Practices and Beliefs, 2023
The world's tribal communities are found in India and there are 705 distinct ethnic tribal groupings inside Pakistan, and they are spread across more than thirty states and union territories. The concept of tribal communities in India is covered under Article 342 of the Indian Constitution. Since the beginning of time, tribal societies have been a mostly segregated and isolated segment of society; their way of life, culture, and traditions are completely distinct from those of other societal social groups.One of them, the Gujjar community, currently calls Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan home. After the Ladakhi and Kashmiri communities, it is the third-largest community in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). The present study is examiningthe social cultural practices and beliefs ofGujjar tribe in Jammu and Kashmir.The data collected with the help of primary as well secondary source through primary observation and interview, besides, secondary sources use the websites, etc. Initially, results shown the societal cultural and literacy rate among Gujjar community is low as comparison to other schedule tribe community in this state. But, the commissioner for schedule caste and schedule tribe asserts that unless exploitation among the tribes is combated and eliminated through education and with education welfare and NGO's can uplift their social pattern.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF GUJJARS TRIBE IN SARAJ AREA OF JAMMU REGION
IJARW, 2019
The present paper deals with the detail analysis of social conditions of Gujjars tribe of Saraj area of Chenab valley in Jammu region. The socio-cultural and economic statuses of Gujjars have witnessed a strong social exclusion in the area. This community is deprived of social prestige and government initiatives for their upliftment as compare to other communities. They have a backward economic activities and strong traditional cultural hierarchy. Regional issues, hard life style and traditional professions have isolated this community from the mainstream society. Eating habits, dresses and other social rituals are the barriers in the path of integration with other castes and communities in this region. Their semi-nomadic settlement and cattle rearing activities have created problems for women and children on health and education parameters. On the basis of participant observations, pilot survey and data collected from concern community development block, it is found that Gujjars tribe have remained backward and no any government enhancement initiative have been taken to up lift these tribe in this hilly region.
Social Exclusion of Gujjar Tribes in Anantnag District of Jammu and Kashmir
Social exclusion describes the process by which certain groups are systematically disadvantaged because they are discriminated against on the basis of their ethnicity, race, religion, caste, gender, disability etc. social exclusion have become the central focus in India today. India is home to tribal population of about 85 million, with more than 700 groups each with their distinct cultures, social practices, religions, dialects and occupations and are scattered in all States and Union Territories in India. The scheduled tribes are the most socially, economically and educationally disadvantaged, marginalized and excluded groups in our country. The widespread discrimination against scheduled groups has long histories in India. The Constitution of India had recognized tribal population as weaker section of society based on their socioeconomic backwardness and the age-old social discrimination and physical isolation that they had been subjected to. The Gujjar and Bakerwal tribes form the third largest ethnic group in Jammu and Kashmir after Kashmiri and Ladakhi constitutes 11.9 per cent of the total population of the state and 1.3 per cent of total tribal population of the country. They are nomadic, practice transhumance or seasonal migration with their livestock. The Gujjars mainly raise buffaloes and are pastoral in Jammu and Kashmir. Hence, they live mostly in primitive conditions, suffering from dismal poverty, illiteracy, political marginalization, backwardness etc. These Scheduled Tribes experience passive indifference that takes the form of exclusion from economic, political, educational opportunities and social participation. They are lacking the basic facilities of food, shelter, healthcare, education etc. most of the tribal hamlets in the farflung areas are yet to be electrified and are without road connectivity. For this study data from both primary as well as secondary sources was used. The primary data was collected from 420 household of four villages in Anantnag district by using Multistage Random sampling method with the help of interview schedules. With this background, the purpose of this paper is (i) to examine the exclusion of Gujjar tribes from social aspects and economic benefits. (ii) To access the awareness about the different welfare programmes among these tribals.