A REVIEW ON FUEL CELL AND ITS APPLICATIONS (original) (raw)

Fuel Cell and Its Applications: A Review

Energy is the most fundamental requirement of today's era. Energy is consumed very rapidly. The energy requirements are very increasing. Our population, abundant energy resources and industrial diversity make our self proficient enough in producing and consuming energy. This will definitely leads in contributing to the national economy. It is the fact that initially there is a cost issue with every new technology but gradually developing mind we can cope up with it. The need for optimization in cost and efficiency can create systems which are cost effective, non-hazardous in nature, commercially available, clean fuel, compete with regular ongoing systems, inherently safe in handling, having renewable power and sustainable to nature. We envision a future where industries can fulfil the growing demands in an environmentally sustainable way. Hydrogen fuel cells have the real potential to be the future technology in terms of applicability. This technology has the solution to the problem of increasing requirements in an environmentally viable option. This review article presents the working operation of Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Classification of fuel cell in a comparable way, applications, new developments, future technologies and economic growth. Fuel cell is very much similar to the electrochemical cell or an ordinary dry cell. There are basically three components in each and every fuel cell. They are cathode, anode and electrolyte. They are connected with the electrical circuit. This construction has no rotating parts in its design. Hence, they are pretty simple and efficient in design. The classification is based on the type of electrolyte used.

Comparative study of different fuel cell technologies

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012

Fuel cells generate electricity and heat during electrochemical reaction which happens between the oxygen and hydrogen to form the water. Fuel cell technology is a promising way to provide energy for rural areas where there is no access to the public grid or where there is a huge cost of wiring and transferring electricity. In addition, applications with essential secure electrical energy requirement such as uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), power generation stations and distributed systems can employ fuel cells as their source of energy. The current paper includes a comparative study of basic design, working principle, applications, advantages and disadvantages of various technologies available for fuel cells. In addition, techno-economic features of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV) and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) are compared. The results indicate that fuel cell systems have simple design, high reliability, noiseless operation, high efficiency and less environmental impact. The aim of this paper is to serve as a convenient reference for fuel cell power generation reviews. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111004709

Fuel Cell Technologies and Applications

This paper provides a review of the various technologies of fuel cells based on the publications throughout the past century. It also highlights the various applications of the fuel cell technology in day to day life resulting in the development of a viable option to the existing energy production techniques. As a clean fuel is used in the fuel cell technology to produce electricity, it results in almost zero emissions, thus being environment friendly and also offering high efficiencies and a constant source of power. Although the fuel cell technology seems to be an impressive alternative to the traditional technologies, certain challenges hinder the commercialization of this technology which has also been discussed in this review. Thus a lot of R&D needs to go into this technology until it becomes a large scale reality.

Review on the Development of Fuel Cells and Its Future Prospects

2021

Fossil fuels are unsustainable energy storage medium with pollution problems. With the limitation of fossil fuels, fuel cells, which are known as effective electrochemical converters, has attracted much attention. Present review paper provides a complete information on fuel cell technology and history which includes competing technologies, current status of research-and-development and its future direction. Fuel cell plays an important role in stationary applications from 1990s till now due to its efficiency upon reducing emissions.

Fuel Cells-A Signpost to Future

IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering

In a few decades, fuel cells have gained moreinterest as a zero emission source of energy. Fuel cells are intensive sources that extrude power from hydrogenand oxygen directly at low voltage. Fuel cells have passed demonstration stage, have been marketable because of the remarkable worldwide research and development. Fuel cells offer a promising alternative to conventional energy conversion technologies for a wide range of applications. Fuel cells can also be an interesting solution for many power sources. This paper presents an overview of different fuel cells and their applications emphasizing that fuel cells is a sign post to the future.

A Review: Fuel cell a sustainable future

The paper discuss about the environmental, sustainable aspects, renewable energy and fuel cell technologies as one of the potential things to continuously growing pollutants, hazards, natural resources degradation, human health, risks and climatic changes. From a basic house hold work to huge industrial tasks every part requires the supply of energy. Energy production is the major issue. Every process needs energy to get accomplished. For our energy requirements we are polluting environment along with the depletion of conventional sources and fossil fuels. We need to look for the reliable source of fuel and renewable energy. The fuel cell technology is a way to greener cities. The paper includes Sustainable development, key factors and criteria that are essential for sustainable development, fuel cells as hydrogen energy systems, sustainable development and thermodynamics, hydrogen safety and myths about hydrogen.

Fuel Cell: Survey and Analysis

This paper reviews fuel cell technology status and some of its challenges worldwide. Fuel cells have emerged as an important technology in various non-linear loads in industrial, commercial and residential sectors. A mathematical model of hydrogen fuel cell is described with control parameters. A hydrogen fuel cell design is simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are discussed.

Technology up date and new strategies on fuel cells

Journal of Power Sources, 2001

This paper reports the state of art on fuel cells technology, outlines the most significant results reached all over the world and summarises the strategies developed by researchers and producers to get the commercialisation of these systems. In particular, the authors have examined three potential application fields for fuel cells: (i) stationary power plant for electricity production; (ii) portable power applications; (iii) electric vehicles.

Fuel cells, an alternative to standard sources of energy

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2002

Three E's are the national energy policy drivers of any country of the world, Energy security, Economic growth and Environmental protection. A fuel cell is an energy conversion device that produces electricity by electrochemically combining fuel (hydrogen) and oxidant (oxygen from the air) gases through electrodes and across an ion conducting electrolyte. The principal characteristic of a fuel cell is its ability to convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy giving much higher conversion efficiencies than any conventional thermo-mechanical system thus extracting more electricity from the same amount of fuel, operate without combustion so they are virtually pollution free and have quieter operation since there are no moving parts. The emission of fuel cells running on hydrogen derived from a renewable source will be nothing but water vapour. Fuel cells are presently under development for a variety of power generation applications in response to the critical need for a cleaner energy technology. This paper reviews the existing or emerging fuel cells technologies, their design and operation, their limitations and their benefits in connection with energy, environment and sustainable development relationship. Few potential applications of fuel cell will be discussed. 