"Impact of climate change on socio-economic development of bangladesh" (original) (raw)
Climate change is an important issue in the effort of global peace. Average global temperature and sea levels are changing every day. The whole world is worried about the climate change. Climate change is affecting the daily life and economy in Bangladesh. Every year the country faces unexpected rain, dry spells, temperatures and other symptoms of changes in global weather pattern. Bangladesh is experiencing frequent severe weather pattern in the form of floods, cyclones, heavy rains, droughts, river erosion, salinity intrusion, tsunami, Aila due to climate change. Bangladesh is vulnerable to climate change due to dense population and low lying coastal areas. An increasing world population and harmful industrial worldwide is the main causes of climate change. Severity of storms, droughts, rainfall, floods and other natural disaster has been increasing in Bangladesh due to climate change. Global warm threatens our agriculture which is backbone of Bangladesh. Every year natural disaster has widespread effects in Bangladesh, touching every corner of the country. Due to limited resources Bangladesh does not have capacity to ensure appropriate measures to mitigate the damage. Bangladesh is losing ponds, lakes, dams, forestry. National and regional varieties of fish are being lost. Scientists have reported that 54 varieties of fish in Bangladesh have already been lost due to climate change. Forests animals are also being lost. Human health, agriculture and natural ecosystem, coastal areas and temperatures are sensitive to climate change. Due to climate change, the weather in Bangladesh has changed, water level has fallen, temperatures have risen and incidence of floods, dry spells and cyclones have increased, affecting life styles and the crops. At least 30 rivers including the Padma, Gumti and the Teesta have dried up. Most of the others river is being lost due to filled with soil. North Bengal of Bangladesh becoming desserts. Bangladesh is likely to be among the countries that will be worst affected by climate change. In the last few decades, extensive floods, cyclones, tidal surges, tsunamis, droughts, river bank erosion etc have been attacked our country frequently. UNDP identified Bangladesh to the most vulnerable country in the world to natural disaster. In the 1991 cyclone, death amounted to a figure of 1, 40,000. In the 2007 sidre, the total number of death was only 3,500. In the Aila total death was recorded 179. This was because of intensive disaster management program. Bangladesh needs to technological and economic support to survive the effects of changing climate. We have to learn to live with this change. Cyclone warning system should be strengthen, coastal embankment has to be build, cyclone shelter is to be established, navigate the rivers, ensure smooth flow of rivers. Last of all, we have to be environment friendly.
IMPACTS AND MITIGATION OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DIFFERENT SECTORS OF BANGLADESH
2017
Due to climate change and reduced biodiversity, Bangladesh is already experiencing the effects of serious environmental damage. Water, land and soil degradation, biodiversity loss and natural disasters are negatively impacting the lives of Bangladeshi people across the country, from everyday challenges to threatening livelihood and life. The paper seeks to discuss the impact of Climate Change on Bangladesh on sectoral issues from various perspectives such as Agriculture, Fisheries, Urban Areas, Forestry, and Biodiversity. It commences with an introduction highlighting the general information about the topic. The second part focuses on both natural and artificial causes and effects of climate change on sectoral issues while the last part discusses mitigation strategies. Findings provided in this paper can constitute a baseline for future analysis as it elaborates tools and strategies for citizen information, training them about climate change and sustainability.
Climate change impacts and adaptation assessment in Bangladesh
Climate Research, 1999
Bangladesh is likely to be one of the most vulnerable countries in the world to climate change. This paper discusses the possible impacts of climate change in Bangladesh through tropical cyclones, storm surges, coastal erosion and back water effect. The possible increase in cyclone frequency in the Bay of Bengal, lying south of Bangladesh, due to climate change is looked at by analyzing the cyclone data for 119 yr. Both qualitative and quantitative discussions are made on cyclone intensity increase for a sea surface temperature rise of 2 and 4°C. Different scenarios of storm surges under different climate change conditions are developed by using a numerical model of storm surges for the Bay of Bengal. Possible loss of land through beach erosion due to sea level rise on the eastern coast of Bangladesh is examined. Some discussions are also made on the impacts of back water effect due to sea level rise on flood situations in the country. Finally, a few remarks are made on the adaptation options for Bangladesh in the event of climate change.
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN BANGLADESH
Cl imate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (i.e., more or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes (such as oceanic circulation), variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced alterations of the natural world; these latter effects are currently causing global warming, and "climate change" is often used to describe human-specific impacts. Bangladesh is already vulnerable to many climate change related extreme events. It is expected that climate change will bring changes in characteristics of extreme events and gradual changes phenomenon of the physical and natural systems. Due to higher level of dependency on natural resource base, overall impacts of climate change on Bangladesh would be significant. It is estimated that climate change could affect more than 70 million people of Bangladesh. Poor people are generally most vulnerable to climate change because they live in areas more prone to flooding, cyclones, droughts etc., The Probable Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty and Economic Growth and the Options of Coping with adverse Effect of Climate Change in Bangladesh and have little capacity to adapt to such shocks. They are also more dependent on ecosystem services and products for their livelihoods. Bangladesh is also among the most disaster prone countries in the world. It has suffered 170 large scale disasters between 1970 and 1998. A natural disaster survey group recorded 137 cyclones and 64 floods with the estimated loss to those affected was worth US$30 billion which is equivalent to four years national budget of Bangladesh (Ahammad & Baten, 2008) and disasters like these are predicted to increase in number and severity.
High population density, inadequate infrastructure and low adaptive capacity have made the urban population of Bangladesh highly vulnerable to climate change. Trends in climate and climate-related extreme events in five major cities have been analyzed in this paper to decipher the variability and ongoing changes in urban Bangladesh. An analysis of 55 years (1958-2012) of daily rainfall and temperature data using nonparametric statistical methods shows a significant increase in annual and seasonal mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures in all five cities. A significant increase in climate-related extreme events, such as heavy rainfall events ([20 mm), hot days ([32°C) and hot nights ([25°C), is also observed. Climate model results suggest that these trends will continue through the twenty-first century. Vulnerability of urban livelihoods and physical structures to climate change is estimated by considering certainty and timing of impacts. It has been predicted that public health and urban infrastructures, viz. water and power supply, would be the imminent affected sectors in the urban areas of Bangladesh. Adaptation measures that can be adopted to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change are also discussed.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI), 2018
In the perspective of Climate Change, Bangladesh is likely to be one of the most vulnerable countries of the world. Now tropical cyclone, flood and tidal surge, salinity intrusion, rising temperature, decreasing rainfall, irregular weather pattern are the common phenomena in Bangladesh. As this is a sociological study, the focus is given on climate change induced socioeconomic vulnerability. In the theoretical part, a strong relationship between climate change and poverty is shown where Ribot (2011) interrelated vulnerability and livelihood approaches and Blaikie (1994) defining vulnerability in the term of human dimension along as "the capacity to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural hazard". Poor are the most vulnerable due to climate change because their livelihoods are most affected due to their dependence on natural resources. The study made use of qualitative methods including in-depth interview (IDI), key informants interview (KII), focus group discussion (FGD), case study and observation. The main focus of this study is to overview of climate change pattern in the study area and elicit the socioeconomic vulnerability of local people due to climate change.
International Journal of Environment and Climate Change
There have been tremendous impacts of climate change on a rural area in their socioeconomic in terms of environmental events. Even though the agriculture sector has been adversely affected and decreased productivity due to climate change. Moreover, rural development and conservation policies have been influenced by climate change likewise natural disasters, migration, poverty, diseases, and food security. Thus, adopt the impact of climate change, stakeholders and experts suggest and develop various practices and solutions. Additionally, they develop integrated problem-solving action and adaptation strategies for the long term which can be directly related to the climate problems. 87 Upazila in 36 districts were selected on the basis of the largest surface areas where tuber crops were cultivated, strong and leading position as crop production. For evaluation the socio-economic condition of the project areas that affected by climate change, it was emphasized on three main point: demog...
Climate Change in Bangladesh: Evidence from Temperature, Precipitation, and Rainfall
International Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, 2020
Lying on the Bay of Bengal most of the area of Bangladeshis less than 10 m above sea level and ranked 160 out of 181 countries for climate vulnerability to climate change. Nowadays climate change is a great challenge for most countries in the world and Bangladesh has already faced significant challenges to climate change although making only a small contribution to global emissions. The impact of climate change in Bangladesh is severe by already affecting livelihoods, food, and water security, ecosystems, and infrastructure, etc and climate-related hazards will be severe in the future. Bangladesh has already been facing a gradual increase in temperature and precipitation, while overall weather patterns erratic and less predictable than before. The rainfall pattern has also changed significantly due to climate change. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the changing pattern of temperature, precipitation and rainfall patterns due to climate change. The study of this paper tries to build an overall climate scenario in Bangladesh by analyzing the temperature, precipitation, and rainfall changes over time. The result of this study finds that the overall temperature tends to increases by 1 0 C, 1.6 0 C, 2 0 C, and 2.4 0 C in the year 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. Precipitation also projected to increases in 2030, 2050 and 2070. The rainfall pattern will change significantly in the last half of the century.
Climate change and Bangladesh: policy and institutional development to reduce vulnerability
Bangladesh is predicted to be adversely affected by climate change and climate variability. A number of climate induced hazards are already affecting many people especially in the coastal zone, low-lying areas and north-west part of the country. The government has taken a number of policy and institutional initiatives to adapt with the impacts of climate change. About 300 Million USD has been allocated for three year (
Climate change impats in Urban Bangladesh
High population density, inadequate infrastructure and low adaptive capacity have made the urban population of Bangladesh highly vulnerable to climate change. Trends in climate and climate-related extreme events in five major cities have been analyzed in this paper to decipher the variability and ongoing changes in urban Bangladesh. An analysis of 55 years (1958–2012) of daily rainfall and temperature data using nonparametric statistical methods shows a significant increase in annual and seasonal mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures in all five cities. A significant increase in climate-related extreme events, such as heavy rainfall events ([20 mm), hot days ([32 C) and hot nights ([25 C), is also observed. Climate model results suggest that these trends will continue through the twenty-first century. Vulnerability of urban livelihoods and physical structures to climate change is estimated by considering certainty and timing of impacts. It has been predicted that public health and urban infrastructures, viz. water and power supply, would be the imminent affected sectors in the urban areas of Bangladesh. Adaptation measures that can be adopted to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change are also discussed.
Climate Change in Bangladesh: Confronting Impending Disasters
The AAG Review of Books, 2015
Climate change is not an event in our children's future. It is bearing down on us now, and there is little we-or anyone else-can do to prevent the hit. We are staring down a climate bubble that poses enormous risks to both environment and economy. The warning signs are clear and growing more urgent as the risks goes unchecked. Harun Rashid and Bimal Paul provide a fascinating, rich, and engrossing account of climatic disasters and climate change in Bangladesh, existing coping strategies, and potential adaptation measures. Nearly 166 million people, the equivalent of about half the U.S. population, live packed in an area the size of Iowa and about as flat. Home to where the mighty Brahmaputra, Ganges, and Meghna rivers meet, most of Bangladesh is a vast delta of alluvial plains that are barely above sea level, making it prone to flooding from waterways swollen by rain, snowmelt from the Himalaya, and increased infiltration by the sea.
Impacts of Climate Change on the Livelihoods of The People in Tanguar Haor, Bangladesh
Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management, 2016
Bangladesh is widely recognized as one of the most vulnerable countries in the world due to climate change. Previous studies reveal that Surma-Kushiyara rivers system known as Haor basin is projected to be under additional stress due to changes in temperature and rainfall pattern. Tanguar Haor, which is located in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh, is characterized by large round shaped floodplain depressions and marshy lands. This paper attempts to analyze the various climatic vulnerabilities with main concentration on climate change impacts on the livelihoods of Tanguar Haor people. Primary data has been collected through field level questionnaire survey and from various government and non-governmental agencies. Secondary data has been obtained from peer-reviewed articles, books, research documents and databases. The findings suggest that the rainfall of Tanguar Haor is decreasing that affects the crops production and fisheries. It also reveals that the average temperature is...
Climate Change and Vulnerability in Bangladesh
It is predicted that climate change will aggravate the presence of sudden (e.g. cyclones, floods etc.) and chronic (e.g. drought, erosion) hazards to agrarian communities in Bangladesh. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2001) the exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity to climate change determines the degree of vulnerability for a social or ecological system. The agrarian population in Bangladesh is ranked by many studies to be one of the most vulnerable in the world due to the poor socio-economic constituents, the unique geophysical location and its high exposure to climate change impacts (Ramamasy and Bass, 2007).
Impact of climate change in Bangladesh: Role of two governments
Journal of Ecology and the Natural Environment, 2014
Bangladesh is a very low energy consuming country; it is pursuing a low carbon growth path, while building its resilience to climate change, and reducing the risk of climate change, which represents national development. Bangladesh is one of the top 10 nations; mostly vulnerable to climate change and by the end of the century, Bangladesh is set to disappear under the waves. Both Bangladesh and India are parties to the convention that obliges them to maintain natural water flow in river catchment areas to conserve regional ecology and biodiversity. There are many Transboundary Rivers and ecological issues between Bangladesh and India that needs to be resolved. India, being the neighboring country, will also be affected, if the ecology and economy of Bangladesh collapses under the weight of climate and environmental crises. It is therefore in the interest of both India and Bangladesh to work together in directions that will enable Bangladesh to withstand the climate and economic challenges that it faces. Bangladesh and India should take into consideration during their discussions and reach ecology-friendly, win-win solutions, which are common ecological issues. Both the nations should be united in the campaign for protection of the nature, ecology, and environment.
Response to Climate Change: Bangladesh Experience
2012
Due to the anticipated adverse global effects of climate change and consequent sea level rise (SLR) Climate refugees are the inevitable reality of our time. The management and resettlement of these climate refugees will exert a serious pressure on already dense urban centers of Bangladesh. Assuming the climate change forecasts to be true it calls for immediate action to limit the impacts of change; to reduce the vulnerability and to help the affected populace to adapt in place. The paper is a review on autonomous and planned adaptive measures taken at local and national level of the country in response to the current and anticipated geo-climatic risk. Review shows that, the GOB launched its National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) in 2005 which highlights the main adverse effects of climate change and identifies adaptation needs. Adaptation measure in agriculture is already in progress which in fact widens the opportunity for socio-spatial adaptation in vulnerable area. To date, adaptation in human settlements motivated by climate change has been observed to be minimal and mostly limited to coastal afforestation and construction of community and family shelters by the government and non government organization. Both short term and long term strategies are required for sustainable development. Embedding adaptive measures within the urban settlement infrastructure is either very costly or very slow. It is likely to be easier if action is taken in rural areas where development is still sparse as opposed to the dense urban area. In early 90's attempt had been taken for the development of cyclonic surge resistant settlement at Urir Char but the concept was not widely implemented. Urir Char experience proved its resilience and responsiveness to the context. The study concludes that, adaptation is the most viable and manageable of the responses to climate change especially for the least developed country like Bangladesh. The local coping measures to reduce vulnerability to existing climate related hazards (erosion, water logging, flooding, surge, cyclone) can also serve as means and guide for adapting to climate change.
Climate Change and Development Impacts in Bangladesh
Climate Change and Development Impacts in Bangladesh
There are other factors also variable in nature. These are considered 'external' forcing factors and it includes sun, Earth orbital parameters, land-ocean distribution, Earth topography (land and ocean), and basic composition of the atmosphere and ocean. Climate Change: Climate change means variation of weather. It is the most pressing issue at the moment over the world. It is also called global warming. Climate change refers to significant changes in global temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other measures of climate that occur over several decades or longer. Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns. Such shifts can be natural, due to changes in the sun's activity or large volcanic eruptions. ii