Modeling of an industrial naphtha isomerization reactor and development and assessment of a new isomerization process (original) (raw)
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Recently, the isomerization of light naphtha has been increasingly significant in assisting refiners in meeting sternness specifications for gasoline. Isomerization process provides refiners with the advantage of reducing sulfur, olefin, and benzene in the gasoline basin without significantly victimizing the octane. The mathematical modeling of a chemical reaction is a critical tool due to it can used to optimize the experimental data to estimate the optimum operating conditions for industrial reactors. This paper describes light naphtha isomerization reactions over a Pt/Al 2 O 3-Cl catalyst at the Al-Dura Oil Refinery (Baghdad, Iraq) using a newly developed universal mathematical model. The proposed kinetic model involves 117 isomerization reactions and 90 cracking reactions to describe 52 real components graded from methane to n-octane. A Genetic Algorithm stochastic optimization technique applied in MATLAB R2020a software was employed to estimate the optimal set of kinetic parameters. The calculated activation energies for hydrocracking reactions was found to be higher than the other reactions because of hydrocracking reactions occur at higher range of temperatures. By benchmarking between the experimental and theoretical results for all 117 data sets, the mean absolute error was obtained to be 0.00360 for all 52 components. Also, a positive effect of increasing reaction temperatures was recognized on enhancing the research octane number (RON).
Model and simulation of a pentane isomerization reactor for naphtha stream in oil refining
Contemporary Engineering Sciences, 2017
Nowadays, the development of oil refining processes has taken a great importance in the industry, on account of new legislation which requires environmentally sustainable fuels. To complete these requirements, the refinery plants had been introducing processes to different streams to decrease their pollutant load. One of them is the isomerization used to increase the octane number in the stream. The reaction carries out in this process was achieved in a reactor catalyzed by Pt / SO4 2-/ ZrO2, which is in charge of isomerizing the n-pentane (RON: 61.7) to i-pentane (RON: 92.3). The process was modelled using the Chao Seader model for hydrocarbon mixtures and subsequently simulated. In the reactor, it was necessary the hydrogen and the naphtha streams, which were adapted to reactor conditions. It was studied two variants of the process, the first one where the outlet reactor stream was not treated, while in the latter variant, the stream was cooled and sent to a flash separator, in order to obtain a hydrogen stream to recycle to the process and an isomerized product. The isomerization plant was optimized to achieve an adequate temperature in the reactor and in the separator to increase conversion and hydrogen purity for recycling. It was acquired 510 K and 310 K for temperature respectively. The conversion achieved was higher than 95% for the alkane.
Revista Principia - Divulgação Científica e Tecnológica do IFPB
This paper describes a dynamic mathematical model developed to simulate a diolefin reactor currently used in an existing naphtha hydrotreating process. Diolefins polymerize at temperatures above 200°C, which is reached in a reactor of hydrotreatment of naphtha. Therefore, the diolefins must be removed before they reach the hydrotreating reactors. This hydrotreating unit has an essential role in modern refineries as it specifies the naphtha of different units, such as distillation and delayed coker. A mathematical model of a three-phase reactor was developed, and it was used to obtain the kinetics of the diolefin and olefin saturation reaction in a range of temperature of 180-200°C, and pressure of 3.5-4 MPa. The kinetic model was developed by the experimental data from a Brazilian refinery. The reactor model includes correlations for determining mass-transfer coefficients, kinetics reaction rates, and properties of the compounds under process conditions. The kinetic model predicted the temperature profile along the reactor length with a minor absolute error. The developed model offers reliable simulated results when compared to experimental data.
Mathematical Modeling of an Industrial Naphtha Reformer with Three Adiabatic Reactors in Series
Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition, 2009
A mathematical model for commercial naphtha catalytic reformer of Tehran refinery was developed. This model includes three sequencing fixed beds of Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalyst at the steady state condition using detailed kinetic scheme involving 26 pseudo-components connected by a network of 47 reactions, in the range of C6 to C9 hydrocarbons. The reaction network consisted dehydrogenation, hydrogenation, ring expansion, paraffin and iso-paraffin cracking, naphthene cracking, paraffin isomerization and hydrodealkylation of aromatics. The kinetic model was fine tuned against industrial plant data using a feed characterized by PIONA (Paraffin, Iso-paraffin, Oleffin, Naphthene and Aromatics) analysis. The final outlet results of the reformer such as RON (Research Octane Number), yield and outlet reformate compositions have shown good agreement with actual conditions of Tehran Refinery reforming unit.
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Steady state and dynamic modelling and simulation of catalytic reforming unit of Kaduna Refining & Petrochemical Company, NNPC (Nigeria) was carried to find out the behaviour of the reactions under both steady and unsteady state conditions. The basic model together with kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and properties were taken from the literature but is developed in gPROMs (an equation oriented modelling software) model building platform for the first time rather than in MATLAB or other modelling platform used by other researchers in the past. The simulation was performed using gPROMs and the predictions were validated against those available in the literature. The validated model was then used to monitor the behaviour of the temperature, concentrations of paraffins, naphthenes and aromatics with respect to both time and height of the reactor of the industrial refinery of Nigeria. Hydrogen yield, Research octane number (RON) and temperature profiles are also reported. The compo...
Process system engineering (PSE) analysis on process and optimization of the isomerization process
Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering-international English Edition, 2019
Oil refineries are facing the ever strict restriction in terms of fuel specification in view of the several policies by environmental impact agency (EIA). Strict rules have been enforced on the gasoline product specification. Isomerization is one of the key processes for increasing the octane number of gasoline. Hence a case study has been performed using the concept of hydrogen once-through technology to analyze the process constraints for optimal operation of the process using Aspen HYSYS. In addition to this, a rigorous process model of isomerate stabilizer was also used to compare the results of stabilizer model and optimize those various variables affecting the octane number of gasoline. The model was validated by observing the effects of constraints on the efficiency of the process by comparing it with the operational isomerization unit to further verify the authenticity of the case study. Furthermore, a calculator has been generated for the reactor temperature with respect to...
Simulation of a Naphtha Reforming Reactor
Chemical and Process Engineering Research, 2017
Mathematical models for the reforming reactors of a Catalytic Reforming Unit were developed. The models were developed from first principles (conservation of mass and energy). The developed models were ordinary differential equations; were solved using ODE 45 solver of MATLAB and validated using plant data from the Catalytic Reforming reactor of the Port-Harcourt Refinery Company, Nigeria. The results gave a minimum percentage absolute error (deviation) between model predictions and industrial plant results of 0.0026% for inlet temperature, a maximum of 5.8% for Naphthene concentration; 2.1%, 2.2% and 1.6% for the concentrations of Aromatics, Paraffin and Hydrogen respectively. These shows that the model developed predicted the output of the catalytic reforming reactor very closely. The models were used to study the effect of process parameters such as inlet feed temperature, reactor pressure and the feed flow rate on the performance of the reforming reactor. Keywords : Catalytic Na...
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h i g h l i g h t s " Production of isophorone incorporating multiple reactions was modelled. " A dynamic non-equilibrium model of reactive distillation was developed. " The model was used to understand influence of various parameters on a key mass ratio. " Simulated results will be useful for improving performance of isophorone reactor.