The Nutritional Condition of the Spanish Soldier: “Spain. Nutrition Survey of the Armed Forces, a Report by the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defence 1958” (original) (raw)

Nutritional adequacy of meals offered and consumed by soldiers of the Brazilian Army

Revista de Nutrição, 2014

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research is to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of meals served and consumed by soldiers in a construction unit (army and civil employees) of the Brazilian Army Construction. METHODS: Body mass index, fat percentage (bioimpedance) and the physical activity level were evaluated. Furthermore, the nutritional evaluation of meals offered and consumed by soldiers was evaluated, in relation to the macronutrients, sodium, fibers and total energetic value. RESULTS: Through the results, we verified that 76% of the soldiers were eutrophic, and that the population's energetic requirement was approximately 3.600 kcal. We verified that the energetic consumption of this population was below the required value (3.200 kcal) and with inadequacy regarding the distribution of macronutrients: percentage of carbohydrates above the recommended one, percentage of lipid below the minimum value recommended and percentage of proteins within the recommendation. Moreover, th...

Famine and Malnutrition in Franco's Spain. An Anthropometric Balance

DT AEHE 2103, 2021

This paper examines the effects of hunger and malnutrition on the biological standards of living of the Spanish during the Francoist autarky. With data on adult heights mainly of adolescent men available in the military recruitment records, net nutrition is analysed during the 1940s. The results show that the deterioration of nutritional status was more severe than in other European countries that suffered from famine during the Second World War. Average height decreased in the early 1940s. There are important regional differences, within the same territory and by socioeconomic groups. Recent studies show an increase in rural-urban and social gaps, including differences within large cities, between rich and poor neighborhoods, which reveal the magnitude of the nutritional crisis.

The Effect of Nutrition on the Health Status of Soldiers in Missions

The paper deals with the issue of the influence of soldiers' nutrition in foreign missions on the contents of total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TAG), glucose, and alanine aminotranferase (ALT). Combined rations consisting of the preparation of hot meals on a military base and combat rations of foodstuffs that provide soldier's nutrition, in case of impossibility to deliver the hot meals, are an optimal solution. Adverse effect on consumption had psychosocial factors, i.e. eating in a hurry and stress, about the culture of eating it cannot be spoken at all. Air pollutants of chemical contamination and air contamination of the diet had a significant negative impact. The biochemical tests showed that the prolonged duration of the mission led to deterioration of health, especially in dislipidemic disorders. The increase in levels of TCH is particularly evident with the troops in the KFOR mission. The obtained values are characterized as an increased risk of acute cholesterolemia and are also enhanced by the low average age of evaluated group. The growing trend of increase in cholesterolemia is presented as a general phenomenon by foreign and domestic authors.

Nutritional research in World War 2: the Oxford Nutrition Survey and its research potential 50 years later

The British journal of nutrition, 2000

To investigate the nutritional status of the population of the UK during the Second World War, nutritional surveys were commissioned in 1941. These included surveys of two groups of pregnant women: the first comprised 120 working-class women who were studied in the spring of 1942, and a second group of 253 women in 1944. Both groups were followed up until after delivery. Detailed biochemical assessments were performed on each subject. Our statistical analysis of the haematological data showed that nearly 25% of women from the 1942 group were deficient in protein, over 60% were deficient in Fe and vitamin A, and over 70% had severe vitamin C deficiency. The findings were reported to the Ministries of Health and Food who instigated a food supplementation policy at the end of 1942 that entitled pregnant women in the UK to extra rations of fruit, dairy produce and to a supply of cod-liver-oil tablets. A second group of 253 pregnant women were studied 15 months later which enabled the ef...

Serra-Majem L & Aranceta J: Nutritional objectives for the Spanish population. Consensus from the Spanish Society for Community Nutrition. Public Health Nutr. 4 (6A), 1409-1413

Public Health Nutrition

The objective of this paper is to present the development of the Nutritional Objectives for the Spanish Population. Preparation of draft documents contributed by different working groups was followed by a consensus meeting held in Bilbao on 5±7 October 2000, hosted by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition and sponsored by the World Health Organisation. Establishing nutritional guidelines was conducted by: (1) analysing current food and nutritional data from nutritional surveys, for intermediate objectives; and (2) reviewing current scientific knowledge for final objectives. The objectives include intermediate and ultimate figures, and comprise percentage of energy from macronutrients and fatty acids, fruit and vegetable consumption, frequency of sweets, physical activity and body mass index, folate, calcium, sodium, fluoride and iodine intake, dietary fibre, cholesterol, alcohol and duration of breastfeeding. The nutritional objectives for the Spanish population create a rational framework for the development of dietary guidelines and nutritional policies in Spain, within a Mediterranean context.

Nutritional risks in the Spanish population: results of the eVe study

European Journal of …, 2003

Objective: To determine the vitamin status of different groups within the Spanish population. Design: Pooled analysis of cross-sectional population nutritional regional studies and meta-analysis of smaller studies in population subgroups performed in Spain between 1990 and 1999. Subjects: In total, 10 208 participants in eight random population studies aged 25-60 y and participants in 76 studies included in the meta-analysis. Interventions: The data from different nutritional studies performed on sample populations representative of eight regions of Spain were integrated into a single database. A meta-analysis was also performed on the results of nutritional studies on the Spanish population involving subjects of other ages and status (all published between 1990 and 1999). Results: The mean intakes observed after the integration of the eight regional studies, and in the meta-analysis study, were similar to those recommended, although a considerable percentage of people had insufficient intakes. Conclusions: Further studies are required, but the vitamin status of the Spanish population clearly shows room for improvement, especially with respect to vitamins B 2 , B 6 , A, E, D and folates. Bearing in mind that adequate vitamin intakes are associated with protection from a range of diseases, steps should be taken to correct the imbalances recorded. The support of Roche Vitamins SA and Roche Consumer Health Spain was of great help in the undertaking of this research.

Nutritional objectives for the Spanish population. Consensus from the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition

Public Health Nutrition, 2001

The objective of this paper is to present the development of the Nutritional Objectives for the Spanish Population. Preparation of draft documents contributed by different working groups was followed by a consensus meeting held in Bilbao on 5±7 October 2000, hosted by the Spanish Society of Community Nutrition and sponsored by the World Health Organisation. Establishing nutritional guidelines was conducted by: (1) analysing current food and nutritional data from nutritional surveys, for intermediate objectives; and (2) reviewing current scientific knowledge for final objectives. The objectives include intermediate and ultimate figures, and comprise percentage of energy from macronutrients and fatty acids, fruit and vegetable consumption, frequency of sweets, physical activity and body mass index, folate, calcium, sodium, fluoride and iodine intake, dietary fibre, cholesterol, alcohol and duration of breastfeeding. The nutritional objectives for the Spanish population create a rational framework for the development of dietary guidelines and nutritional policies in Spain, within a Mediterranean context.

Dietary Variability among a Sample of United States Soldiers during the War of 1812

Historical Archaeology, 2008

the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of human bone collagen have been used to determine the diet of a sample of United states soldiers who died during the siege of Fort Erie in the War of 1812. controls were enacted during the analysis to discriminate between well-preserved and contaminated bone. results from a sample of 15 individuals, recruited from diverse regions of the northeastern United states, indicate that the diet of this population was quite varied. statistical analysis was used to explore the relationship between diet and skeletal pathologies. there were no significant differences in means between the individuals exhibiting skeletal pathologies and those not exhibiting skeletal pathologies, suggesting the pathologies are more likely tied to the physical hardships endured in these men's civilian or military lives as opposed to their civilian or military diets.

The Spanish diet: an update

Nutrición hospitalaria, 2013

The Food Consumption Survey, conducted for over 20 years by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Environment (MAGRAMA), is the most reliable source of data to evaluate the food consumption and dietary patterns of Spain. The aim of the present article was to review the diet trends in Spain and its evolution. Food availability assessment per capita per day, which allows the calculation of energy and nutrient intake and comparison with the Recommended Nutrient Intakes for the Spanish population is described. In addition, different markers of the quality of the diet have been also evaluated. The sample consisted of consumption and distribution data, obtained from the nationwide representative Food Consumption Survey for the period 2000- 2012. A two-stage sampling method was applied, where in the first stage the units to be sampled were towns or local entities, and in the second stage households which were going to be part of the final sample from those entities were selected. U...