Recent highlights of biosynthetic studies on marine natural products (original) (raw)
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Compounds from macro marine organisms are presumed to owe their biosynthetic origins to associated microbial symbionts, although few definitive examples exist. An upsurge in the recent literature from 2012 to 2013 has shown that four compounds previously reported from macro marine organisms are in fact biosynthesized by non-photosynthetic Gram-negative bacteria (NPGNB). Structural parallels between compounds isolated from macro marine organisms and NPGNB producers form the basis of this review. Although less attention has been given to investigating the chemistry of NPGNB sources, there exists a significant list of structural parallels between NPGNB and macro marine organism derived compounds. Alternatively, of the thousands of compounds isolated from Gram-positive actinomycetes, few structural parallels with macro marine organisms are known. A summary of small molecules isolated from marine NPGNB sources is presented, including compounds isolated from marine myxobacteria. From this assemblage of structural parallels and diverse chemical structures, it is hypothesized that the potential for the discovery of inspirational molecules from NPGNB sources is vast and that the recent spike in the literature of macro marine compounds owing their biosynthetic origin to NPGNB producers represents a turning point in the field.
Immense essence of excellence: marine microbial bioactive compounds
Marine drugs, 2010
Oceans have borne most of the biological activities on our planet. A number of biologically active compounds with varying degrees of action, such as anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-microtubule, anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, photo protective, as well as antibiotic and antifouling properties, have been isolated to date from marine sources. The marine environment also represents a largely unexplored source for isolation of new microbes (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, microalgae-cyanobacteria and diatoms) that are potent producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. Extensive research has been done to unveil the bioactive potential of marine microbes (free living and symbiotic) and the results are amazingly diverse and productive. Some of these bioactive secondary metabolites of microbial origin with strong antibacterial and antifungal activities are being intensely used as antibiotics and may be effective against infectious diseases such as HIV, conditions of multiple bacterial infections (penicillin, cephalosporines, streptomycin, and vancomycin) or neuropsychiatric sequelae. Research is also being conducted on the general aspects of biophysical and biochemical properties, chemical structures and biotechnological applications of the bioactive substances derived from marine microorganisms, and their potential use as cosmeceuticals and nutraceuticals. This review is an attempt to consolidate the latest studies and critical research in this field, and to showcase the immense competence of marine microbial flora as bioactive metabolite producers. In addition, the present review addresses some effective and novel approaches of procuring marine microbial compounds utilizing the latest screening strategies of drug discovery.
Natural product biosynthesis in bacteria associated with marine organisms
Records of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences
Because antibiotics are becoming less effective and there is an increase in the number of cases of cancer, it is critical that researchers continue their search for novel natural antimicrobials and anti-cancer medicines. Screening marine organisms for the purpose of developing new medications is still in its infant stages especially from nudibranchs. Many Polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenes, and post-ribosomal peptides are synthesized by marine organisms' symbiotic bacteria. In this review, we summarized the sum of the previous works done on bacteria associated with marine organisms for identifying bioactive metabolites. We discussed whether the host is responsible for the production of these metabolites or its symbiotic bacteria. Also, factors that may affect the abundance of symbiotic bacteria and bioactive compounds such as different habitats and environmental circumstances like food and location have been shown and discussed. We also discussed why nudibranchs deserve more studies for mining secondary metabolites in their symbiotic bacteria.
Current Status and Future Prospects of Marine Natural Products (MNPs) as Antimicrobials
Marine Drugs
The marine environment is a rich source of chemically diverse, biologically active natural products, and serves as an invaluable resource in the ongoing search for novel antimicrobial compounds. Recent advances in extraction and isolation techniques, and in state-of-the-art technologies involved in organic synthesis and chemical structure elucidation, have accelerated the numbers of antimicrobial molecules originating from the ocean moving into clinical trials. The chemical diversity associated with these marine-derived molecules is immense, varying from simple linear peptides and fatty acids to complex alkaloids, terpenes and polyketides, etc. Such an array of structurally distinct molecules performs functionally diverse biological activities against many pathogenic bacteria and fungi, making marine-derived natural products valuable commodities, particularly in the current age of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we have highlighted several marine-derived natural products (and their synthetic derivatives), which have gained recognition as effective antimicrobial agents over the past five years (2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017). These natural products have been categorized based on their chemical structures and the structure-activity mediated relationships of some of these bioactive molecules have been discussed. Finally, we have provided an insight into how genome mining efforts are likely to expedite the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds.
Biosynthetic origin of natural products isolated from marine microorganism …
Proceedings of the …, 2008
In all probability, natural selection began as ancient marine microorganisms were required to compete for limited resources. These pressures resulted in the evolution of diverse genetically encoded small molecules with a variety of ecological and metabolic roles. Remarkably, ...
Natural Bioactive Compounds and Biotechnological Potential of Marine Bacteria
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2007
Adaptation of marine bacteria to the harsh environments has led to a rich biological and genetic diversity. Marine bacteria are attracting attention as new biotechnological resources. These bacteria can be a potential source of new bioactive compounds for industrial, agricultural, environmental, pharmaceutical and medical uses. The present paper reveals the potential of the marine bacteria with biotechnological applications related to antimicrobial drug discovery, environmental remediation, and developing new resources for industrial processes.
From Ocean to Medicine: Pharmaceutical Applications of Metabolites from Marine Bacteria
Antibiotics
Oceans cover seventy percent of the planet’s surface and besides being an immense reservoir of biological life, they serve as vital sources for human sustenance, tourism, transport and commerce. Yet, it is estimated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) that eighty percent of the oceans remain unexplored. The untapped biological resources present in oceans may be fundamental in solving several of the world’s public health crises of the 21st century, which span from the rise of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, pathogenic fungi and parasites, to the rise of cancer incidence and viral infection outbreaks. In this review, health risks as well as how marine bacterial derived natural products may be tools to fight them will be discussed. Moreover, an overview will be made of the research pipeline of novel molecules, from identification of bioactive bacterial crude extracts to the isolation and chemical characterization of the molecules within the framework of the...
MARINE BACTERIA AND FUNGI AS SOURCES FOR BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS: PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE TRENDS
Marine organisms undergo a vast range of chemical and physical conditions in the marine environment, thus a high diversity is reported in the bioactive compounds they produce. With the development of marine biotechnology, a considerable number of researches are focused on marine bacteria and fungi-derived bioactive compounds. As a result, marine bacteria and fungi are ranked on the top of the hierarchy of all organisms, as they are responsible for producing a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites with potential pharmaceutical applications. Thus, they have the potential to provide future drugs against important diseases, such as cancer, a range of viral diseases, malaria, and inflammations. This review aims at describing some of the most highly cited reviews of the last decade on marine bacteria and fungi -derived bioactive compounds and the most promising substances extracted and isolated from these for pharmaceutical applications.
Marine microorganisms as an untapped source of bioactive compounds
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 2021
The search for novel biologically active molecules has extended to the screening of organisms associated with less explored environments. In this sense, Oceans, which cover nearly the 67% of the globe, are interesting ecosystems characterized by a high biodiversity that is worth being explored. As such, marine microorganisms are highly interesting as promising sources of new bioactive compounds of potential value to humans. Some of these microorganisms are able to survive in extreme marine environments and, as a result, they produce complex molecules with unique biological interesting properties for a wide variety of industrial and biotechnological applications. Thus, different marine microorganisms (fungi, myxomycetes, bacteria, and microalgae) producing compounds with antioxidant, antibacterial, apoptotic, antitumoral and antiviral activities have been already isolated. This review compiles and discusses the discovery of bioactive molecules from marine microorganisms reported from 2018 onwards. Moreover, it highlights the huge potential of marine microorganisms for obtaining highly valuable bioactive compounds.
REVIEW PAPER-MARINE MICROBIAL BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS
Oceans have borne most of the biological activities on our planet. A number of biologically active compounds with varying degrees of action, such as anti-tumor, anti-cancer, anti-microtubule, anti-proliferative, cytotoxic, photo protective, as well as antibiotic and antifouling properties, have been isolated to date from marine sources. The marine environment also represents a largely unexplored source for isolation of new microbes (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, microalgae-cyanobacteria and diatoms) that are potent producers of bioactive secondary metabolites. Extensive research has been done to unveil the bioactive potential of marine microbes (free living and symbiotic) and the results are amazingly diverse and productive. Bioactive compounds from marine flora and fauna have extensive past and present use in the treatment of many diseases and serve as compounds of interest both in their natural form and as templates for synthetic modification. Several molecules isolated from various marine organisms (microorganisms, algae, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates) are currently under study at an advanced stage of clinical trials, some of them have already been marketed as drugs. This article gives an overview of current trends in screening and the activity analysis of metabolites from marine resources. Recent years have seen the introduction into clinical trials of new classes of chemotherapeutic agents, which are derived from marine sources and have novel mechanisms of action. Among other biological activities, the marine ecosystem is increasingly being acknowledged as a source of potential antimicrobial agents. Available treatments for many infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses are limited. Research on new antimicrobial substances must therefore be continued and all possible strategies should be explored. In this review, we will present the structures and antimicrobial activity of natural compounds isolated from marine sources