Social Entrepreneurship Strategies by the Middle Eastern Governments: A Review (original) (raw)
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Social Entrepreneurship: Focus on the Middle East
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MENA J. of Cross-Cultural Management, 2020
How is social enterprising pursued in Europe and MENA? A representative sample of 92,208 adults in Europe and MENA was surveyed for the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Participation in social entrepreneurship is wider in Europe than in MENA. Society and environment are valued in social enterprises more in MENA than in Europe. Informal sources of financing prevail in MENA whereas formal sources dominate in Europe. Market orientation is enhanced when economy of enterprising is valued rather than society and environment. Reinvestment is pursued by women more than by men. Innovation in social enterprises is higher in MENA than in Europe. Expectation for growth is coupled with use of formal and informal sources of financing. Assessment of impact is extensive for female-led enterprises and promoted by market orientation. The study contributes to knowledge about social entrepreneurship as organised and pursued as a social institution in society, but differently in Europe and MENA.
An exploratory study on social entrepreneurship in Egypt
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to add to the existing wealth of knowledge on the benefits and challenges of social entrepreneurship in Egypt, a challenging emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach The research combines secondary and primary research with the latter including interviews across the public, private and social entrepreneurship sectors, together with surveys to gather Egyptian and international perspectives. Findings The study addresses several political, cultural and economic themes that significantly influence the emergence and growth of social entrepreneurship organisations in Egypt. Research limitations/implications Egypt is undergoing significant change at present; hence, this research provides a snapshot of what may be considered a very dynamic environment. Practical implications Recommendations are made that have practical implications for each of the public, private, development and non-profit sectors in Egypt. It is suggested that the public sector ou...
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The social entrepreneurship theory is still in the conceptualization phase, as each country has individual specifics and approaches to define social entrepreneurship initiatives. The main objective of this paper is to explore the characteristics and backgrounds of social entrepreneurship from Azerbaijan's perspective, especially its importance in achieving Sustainable Development Goals. To fulfill the objective, there are a few main research questions defined: How do local social entrepreneurs use both business acumen and philanthropic principles to address social, cultural, and environmental challenges? How can Social Entrepreneurship contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals in Azerbaijan? A qualitative research method was used to gather data through a semi-structured questionnaire. It was found that local social enterprises change the structures and systems that create the conditions for poverty, and the development processes need to consider the link between social entrepreneurship and sustainable development. This paper has significant implications, especially for the stakeholders and policymakers. It indicates the current position of local social ventures about sustainable development and offers some global practices and experiences to improve and facilitate the process and attracts the attention of policymakers on the performance of social enterprises.
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The present paper discusses the different theories on entrepreneurship in general and social entrepreneurship in particular to investigate the different determinants of social entrepreneurship in the context of Saudi Arabia. The present research is a conceptual study. The data were collected to analyze the entrepreneurship theories in Saudi Arabia’s context. The data related to entrepreneurship spirit, perception of society towards entrepreneurship, and other macroeconomic indicators are collected from different research journals, websites of different corporate houses, and government sources to analyze the social entrepreneurship theories, such as failure thesis, interdependence theories, welfare state theory, supply-side theory, entrepreneurship education, etc.. The theoretical hypothesis of interdependence theory, entrepreneurship spirit, and general education and the theoretical analysis of this paper in light of Saudi Arabia are in line with the theory. But the hypothesis gener...
Social entrepreneurship (SE) can be defined, according to Nicholls 1 , "as any venture that has been creating social value as its prime strategic objective and which addresses this mission in a creative and innovative fashion."Sustainable development is one of the goals which could be attained through SE. Iran needs a comprehensive SE strategy to embrace sustainable development .This article has benefited from both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. A strategy based on a customized new theory in SE , which should be taken out of ontological , epistemological and suitable paradigmatic view points to prepare a solid foundation for effective SE strategy in sustainable development of the country(hence, qualitative).The Customized SE Theory is a Grounded Theory which has surveyed 500 relevant articles in SE. Then, accordingly a new strategy, which we called "Customized SE Strategy ", was set to be responsive to the social problems of Iran for sustainable development (Hence, quantitative).