Refugee livelihoods in Kampala, Nakivale and Kyangwali refugee settlements: patterns of engagement with the private sector (original) (raw)

Abstract

The Refugee Studies Centre (RSC) Working Paper Series is intended to aid the rapid distribution of work in progress, research findings and special lectures by researchers and associates of the RSC. Papers aim to stimulate discussion among the worldwide community of scholars, policymakers and practitioners. They are distributed free of charge in PDF format via the RSC website. Bound hard copies of the working papers may also be purchased from the Centre. The opinions expressed in the papers are solely those of the author/s who retain the copyright. They should not be attributed to the project funders or the Refugee Studies Centre, the Oxford Department of International Development or the University of Oxford. Comments on individual Working Papers are welcomed, and should be directed to the author/s. Further details may be found at the RSC website (www.rsc.ox.ac.uk). 1 RSC WORKING PAPER SERIES NO. 95 Case study country: Uganda Our primary case study country is Uganda. Unlike many of its neighbours, which encamp refugees, the Ugandan government promotes the 'self-reliance' of refugees; this means that rather than limiting responses to refugees to humanitarian relief, a space is open for a development-based approach to refugee assistance (Betts 2012). We conducted a one-month pilot research study of the livelihoods of refugees in Kampala, the Ugandan capital, between July and August 2012 (see Omata 2012). In order to provide a comparative perspective to our initial Kampala-based findings, our research sites have been expanded to both Nakivale and Kyangwali refugee settlements. The ongoing comparative case studies of three research sites allow us to explore a range of variables (i.e. urban/rural, settlement/non-settlement, regulatory frameworks and nationality) to explain variation in the nature and depth of refugees' engagement with the private sector, innovation and technology. The duration of the whole project is initially two years, until August 2014, with the majority of fieldwork in Uganda expected to take place between March and November 2013. 1 The authors are indebted, in particular, to UNHCR and the Office of the Prime Minister in Kampala, Nakivale and Kyangwali settlements; Settlement Commanders and their support teams; Implementing and Operating Partners of UNHCR; Refugee Welfare Council; and individual refugees who actively participated in our research in the three sites. We are also grateful to both our Ugandan and refugee researchers who contributed to this paper.

Figures (3)

Loading...

Loading Preview

Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.

References (26)

  1. Albu, M. and Griffith, A. (2005) 'Mapping the Market: A Framework for Rural Enterprise Development Policy and Practice,' Markets and Livelihoods Programme, Practical Action, Rugby, UK
  2. Albu, M. and Griffith, A. (2006) 'Mapping the Market: Participatory Market-Chain Development in Practice,' Small Enterprise Development, 17, 2, 12-22
  3. Amisi, B. (2006) 'An Exploration of the Livelihood Strategies of Durban Congolese Refugees,' UNHCR Working Paper No.123, New Issues in Refugee Research, UNHCR, Geneva Andrews, L. A. (2003) 'When is a refugee not a refugee? Flexible social categories and host/refugee relations in Guinea', UNHCR Working Paper No.88, New Issues in Refugee Research, UNHCR, Geneva
  4. Bernstein, J. (2005) 'A Drop in the Ocean': Assistance and protection for forced migrants in Kampala', Refugee Law Project Working Paper No. 6, Kampala, Refugee Law Project Betts, A. (2012) Self-reliance for refugees: a view from Kyangwali settlement, Humanitarian Innovation Project Available at http://www.humanitarianinnovation.com/blog.html
  5. Betts, A, Bloom, L. and Omata, N. (2012) 'Humanitarian innovation and refugee protection', Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper No. 85, Oxford, University of Oxford Brees, I. (2008) 'Refugee businesses: Strategies of work on the Thai-Burma border', Journal of Refugee Studies, 21, 3, 380-397
  6. Brees, I. (2010) 'Burden or Boon: The Impact of Burmese Refugees on Thailand', The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations, Winter/Spring, 35-47
  7. British Red Cross. (2012) Learning from the City, British Red Cross Urban Learning Project Scoping Study, British Red Cross, London, UK
  8. Buscher, D. (2012) 'New Approaches to Urban Refugee Livelihoods', Refuge, 28, 2, 17-29
  9. Campbell, E. (2005) 'Urban refugees in Nairobi: Protection, survival and integration', Migration Studies Working Paper No. 23, Forced Migration Studies Programme, University of the Witwatersrand Carney, D. (2002) Sustainable Livelihood Approaches: Progress and Possibilities for Change, DFID, United Kingdom Chambers, R. and Conway, G. (1991) 'Sustainable rural livelihoods: Practical concepts for the 21 st century', IDS Discussion Paper 296, IDS, United Kingdom Conway, C. (2004) "Mainstreaming livelihoods support: the Refugee Livelihood Project", Forced Migration Review, 20, 4
  10. Crisp, J., Morris, T. and Refstie, H. (2012) 'Displacement in urban areas: New challenges, new partnerships', Disaster, 36, S1, S23-S42
  11. Dathine Agriculture Consult (2013) Comprehensive livelihoods assessment of Kyangwali and Nakivale, Dathine Agriculture Consult, Kampala de Haan, L. and Zoomers, A. (2006) 'Exploring the Frontier of Livelihoods Research', Development and Change, 36, 1, 27-47
  12. de Montclos, M. and Kagwanja, P. (2000) 'Refugee camps or cities? The socio-economic dynamics of the Dadaab and Kakuma camps in Northern Kenya', Journal of Refugee Studies, 13, 2, 205-222 Department for International Development (1999) Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets, DFID, United Kingdom
  13. De Vriese, M. (2006) Refugee Livelihoods: a review of the evidence, EPAU, UNHCR, Geneva Dryden-Peterson, S. (2006) ''I find myself as someone who is in the forest': Urban refugees as agents of social change in Kampala, Uganda', Journal of Refugee Studies, 19, 3, 381-395
  14. Farrington, J., Ramasut, T. and Walker, J. (2002) 'Sustainable Livelihoods Approaches in Urban Areas: General lessons, with illustrations from Indian cases', Working Paper No.162, ODI, United Kingdom
  15. Grabska, K. (2006) 'Marginalization in urban spaces of the global South: urban refugees in Cairo', Journal of Refugee Studies, 19, 3, 287-307
  16. Horst, C. (2006a) 'Refugee livelihoods: Continuity and Transformations', Refugee Survey Quarterly, 25, 2, 6-22
  17. Horst, C. (2006b) Transnational Nomads, Oxford: Berghahn Books Huff, K. and Kalyango, R. (2002) 'Refugees in the city: status determination, resettlement, and the changing nature of forced migration in Uganda', Refugee Law Project Working Paper No. 6, Kampala, Refugee Law Project Hussein, K. (2002) Livelihoods Approached Compared: A Multi-Agency Review of Current Practice, DFID, United Kingdom InterAid (2009) Socio-economic baseline survey for urban refugees in and around Kampala, Kampala, InterAid
  18. Jacobsen, K. (2005) The Economic Life of Refugees. Bloomfield: Kumarian Press Jacobsen, K. (2006) 'Editorial Introduction Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Urban Areas: a Livelihood Perspective', Journal of Refugee Studies, 19, 3, 273-286.
  19. Jacobsen, K. and Landau, L. (2003) 'Researching refugees: Some methodological and ethical considerations in social science and forced migration', UNHCR Working Paper No.90, New Issues in Refugee Research, UNHCR, Geneva Jamal, A. (2000) 'Minimum standards and essential needs in a protracted refugee situation. A review of the UNHCR programme in Kakuma, Kenya', Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit, UNHCR, Geneva
  20. Kaag, M., Van Berkel, R., Brons, J., De Brujin, M., Van Dijk, H., De Haan, L., Nootebom.G. and Zoomers, A. (2003) Poverty is Bad: Ways Forward in Livelihood Research, CERES, Research School for Resource Studies for Development, University of Utrecht Kaiser, T. (2006) 'Between a camp and a hard place: Rights, livelihood and experiences of the local settlement system for long-term refugees in Uganda', Journal of Modern African Studies, 44, 4, 597-621
  21. Kaiser, T. (2007) 'Moving up and down looking for money': Making a living in a Ugandan Refugee Camp', In Livelihoods at the Margins: Surviving the City, (ed.) Staples, J., Walnut Creek: West Coast Press, 302-320
  22. Kaiser, T. Iranya, P. Akello, J. Bernstein, J. and Lubega, E. (2005) 'We are all stranded here together: The local settlement system, freedom of movement, and livelihood opportunities in Arua and Moyo districts', Refugee Law Project Working Paper No.14, Refugee Law Project, Kampala Lindley, A. (2006) 'Migrant remittances in the context of crisis in Somali society', Humanitarian Policy Group, HPG Background Paper 25, ODI, United Kingdom Lindley, A. (2007) 'Protracted displacement and remittances: The view from Eastleigh, Nairobi', UNHCR Research Paper No.143, New Issues in Refugee Research, UNHCR, Geneva Lindley, A. (2010) The Early Moring Phone call, Oxford: Berghahn Books Lubkemann, S.C. (2008) Culture in Chaos, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, Inc.
  23. Monsutti, A. (2005) War and migration: social networks and economic strategies of the Hazaras of Afghanistan, Oxford: Routledge Pavanello, S., Elhawary, S., and Pantuliano, S. (2010) 'Hidden and exposed: Urban refugees in Nairobi, Kenya', HPG Working Paper, ODI, United Kingdom Omata, N. (2012) 'Refugee livelihoods and the private sector: Ugandan case study', Refugee Studies Centre Working Paper No. 86, Oxford, University of Oxford Phillips, M. (2003) 'The role and impact of humanitarian assets in refugee-hosting countries', UNHCR Working Paper No.84, New Issues in Refugee Research, UNHCR, Geneva Porter, G. Hampshire, K., Kyei, P., Adjaldo, M., Rapoo, G. and Kilpatrick, K. (2008) 'Linkages between livelihood opportunities and refugee-host relations: Learning from the experiences of Liberian camp-based refugees in Ghana', Journal of Refugee Studies, 21, 2, 230- 252
  24. Stigter, E. and Monsutti, A. (2005) 'Transnational networks: Recognising a regional reality', in Promoting Livelihoods and Coping Strategies of Groups Affected by Conflicts and Natural Disasters, ILO, Geneva, 267-286 UNHCR (2005) Handbook for Self-Reliance, UNHCR, Geneva UNHCR (2009) UNHCR policy on refugee protection and solutions in urban areas, Geneva, UNHCR UNHCR (2011) Livelihoods & Self-Reliance, Helping Them Help Themselves Accessed on 20 May 2011 via http://www.unhcr.org/pages/4ad2e7d26.html UNHCR (2012) Livelihood Programming in UNHCR: Operational Guidelines, Geneva, UNHCR US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants (2009) Statement calling for solutions to end the warehousing of refugees, Virginia: USCRI
  25. Werker, E. (2007) 'Refugee camp economies', Journal of Refugee Studies, 20 (3): 461-480
  26. Women's Refugee Commission (2011) The Living Ain't Easy: Urban Refugees in Kampala, New York, Women's Refugee Commission Young, H., Osman, A. and Dale, R. (2007) 'Darfurian Livelihoods and Libya: Trade, Migration, and Remittance Flows in Time of Conflict and Crisis', International Migration Review, 41, 4, 826-849