Antidiabetic Activity of Cactus Acid Fruit Extracts: Simulated Intestinal Conditions of the Inhibitory Effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase (original) (raw)
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Current Nutrition & Food Science, 2012
Aqueous extracts of different seasonal as well as less popular but edible indigenous fruits of West Bengal, India were studied for their-glucosidase and-amylase inhibitory properties. Of the 22 different species of fruits, sixteen fruits inhibited both the carbohydrate digesting enzymes. Concentrations of the extracts are presented as fresh weight of fruit used to make extract / ml. Very high-amylase (IC 50 value = 5.0 g/ml) and-glucosidase (IC 50 value = 9.0 g/ml) inhibitory activity was shown by extracts of Phoenix sylvestris. Achras sapota also showed high-amylase (IC 50 value = 53.0 g/ml) and-glucosidase (IC 50 value = 56.0 g/ml) inhibitory activities. During the present study, no correlation could be established between total phenol / flavonoid content and-amylase /-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Unweighted pair-group average (UPGA) dendrogram showing interrelationships between the investigated species shows that the fruits can be grouped into two high level clusters. The cluster I brought together Borassus flabellifer and Physalis peruviana having very low-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The cluster II included fruits with moderate to highglucosidase inhibitory activity.
Journal of medicinal plant research
In the present study various extracts of ten medicinal plants, collected in Iran, were examined for α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition using an in vitro model. Also total phenol content and antioxidant activity of the extracts were investigated. Various extracts of the plants (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Crataegus oxyacantha, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Morus alba, Portulaca oleracea, Rubus fruticosus, Syzygium aromaticum, Teucrium polium, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Vaccinium arctostaphylos) were prepared using n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Methanol, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of S. aromaticum exerted high in vitro inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase with ranging from 0.3 to 1.1 and 36.2 to 41.9 µg/ml, respectively. The mentioned extracts possessed the highest total phenolic contents (139.8, 119.6 and 136.1 mg GAE/g of extract). The antioxidant activities of the extracts, measured in terms of IC50 values were 2.2, 3.9 ...
Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2013
In the present study various extracts of ten medicinal plants, collected in Iran, were examined for αglucosidase and α-amylase inhibition using an in vitro model. Also total phenol content and antioxidant activity of the extracts were investigated. Various extracts of the plants (Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Crataegus oxyacantha, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Morus alba, Portulaca oleracea, Rubus fruticosus, Syzygium aromaticum, Teucrium polium, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Vaccinium arctostaphylos) were prepared using n-hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Methanol, dichloromethane and n-hexane extracts of S. aromaticum exerted high in vitro inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase and α-amylase with IC 50 ranging from 0.3 to 1.1 and 36.2 to 41.9 µg/ml, respectively. The mentioned extracts possessed the highest total phenolic contents (139.8, 119.6 and 136.1 mg GAE/g of extract). The antioxidant activities of the extracts, measured in terms of IC 50 values were 2.2, 3.9 and 0.7 µg/ml, respectively. C. zeylanicum was another traditionally used medicinal plant, which its extracts exhibited high hypoglycaemic effect by inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase (IC 50 ranged from 0.5 to 8.7 and 37.1 to 52.5 µg/ml, respectively). The obtained results support the traditionally use of a number of the analyzed species.
Journal Biomedical and Biopharmaceutical Research, 2021
There is a great diversity of plants which are grown in the Atlantic Forest region of Brazil that produce small, colorful, edible fruit that are used in empiric mode to treat several diseases, such as diabetes, as fruits are a rich source of dietary phenolic antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of methanolic fruit extracts from the Myrtaceae family - Psidium cattleianum (araçá), Syzygium cumini (jambolão), Campomanesia xanthocarpa (guabiroba), Eugenia uniflora (pitanga) and Eugenia pyriformis (uvaia) - against α-amylase and intestinal α-glucosidase (maltose and sucrose). The antioxidant activities were evaluated using two different in vitro assays: the 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) test and the 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test. The extracts of P. cattleianum, S. cumini, E. pyriformis inhibited α-amylase activity between 13% and 60% (p<0.05). The extracts of P. cattleianum also inhibited α-glucosidase activity wi...
Phytotherapy Research, 2013
Pomegranate has been documented for the management of diabetes in Unani and Chinese medicine. This study compared the effects of the extracts of different pomegranate parts, including juice, peels, seeds and flowers, on carbohydrate digestive enzymes (a-amylase and a-glucosidase) in vitro. The methanolic flower extract inhibited a-amylase and a-glucosidase, while the methanolic peel extract inhibited a-glucosidase selectively. The most active flower extract was subjected to water-ethyl acetate partition. The ethyl acetate fraction was more potent than the water fraction in inhibiting both enzymes. Gallic acid and ellagic acid also showed selective inhibition against a-glucosidase, and their presence in the ethyl acetate fraction was confirmed by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-HESI-MS. Our findings suggest that the inhibition of carbohydrate digestive enzymes and their phenolic content may contribute to the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of pomegranate flower and peel, and support their claims in diabetes.
Kumar V and Prakash O, α-Glucosidase inhibitors from plants: A natural approach to treat diabetes
Pharmacognosy Reviews
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease characterized by abnormally high plasma glucose levels, leading to major complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. One of the effective managements of diabetes mellitus, in particular, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to decrease postprandial hyperglycemia, is to retard the absorption of glucose by inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase, in the digestive organs. α-Glucosidase is the key enzyme catalyzing the final step in the digestive process of carbohydrates. Hence, α-glucosidase inhibitors can retard the liberation of d-glucose from dietary complex carbohydrates and delay glucose absorption, resulting in reduced postprandial plasma glucose levels and suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia. In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify effective α-glucosidase inhibitors from natural sources in order to develop a physiologic functional food or lead compounds for use against diabetes. Many α-glucosidase inhibitors that are phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids,anthocyanins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and so on, have been isolated from plants. In the present review, we focus on the constituents isolated from different plants having α-glucosidase inhibitory potency along with IC50 values.
Journal of Ethnic Foods, 2015
Background: Studies have supported the protective effect of high fruit consumption in the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Methods: Thirteen fresh tropical fruits were sourced for and the fruits juices were extracted, freeze dried, and then reconstituted for analysis. The sugar, starch, amylose, and amylopectin contents as well as glycemic indices, antioxidant properties, and the ability of the fruits to inhibit starch-hydrolyzing enzymes were determined. Also, the phenolic constituents of the fruits were characterized using highperformance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector. Results: The starch, sugar, amylase, and amylopectin contents were 3.01e3.89 g/100 g, 35.34e60.91 g/ 100 g, 0.84e1.46 g/100 g, and 1.68e2.86 g/100 g, respectively, while the glycemic indices were 28.01 e68.34, with African star apple (28.01) having the lowest and watermelon (68.34) the highest. Furthermore, the fruits exhibited high antioxidant properties as exemplified by their DPPH, ABTSþ, OH, and NO radical scavenging abilities. Likewise, the fruits also demonstrated a-amylase and a-glucosidase inhibitory property with Soursop (IC 50 ¼ 18.52 mg/mL), guava (IC 50 ¼ 19.77 mg/mL), and African star apple (IC 50 ¼ 20.86 mg/mL) showing the highest inhibitory potential among the 13 fruits. Similarly, the same trend was followed for a-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Conclusion: The fruits' low glycemic indices, strong antioxidant properties, and inhibition of a-amylase and a-glucosidase activities could be possible mechanisms for their use in the management and prevention of type-2 diabetes.
Active compounds of plants have potency as antidiabetic that can be used in diabetes mellitus treatment. One of the strategies is maintaining postprandial glucose level through inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase and preventing the hydrolysis of Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) through inhibition of Dipeptidyl peptidase IV. So that pre-prandial and post-prandial glucose levels can be controlled properly. The aim of this study was to determine in vitroinhibitory activity of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and Dipeptidyl peptidase IV from 42 ethanolic extracts of selected Indonesian plants. Inhibitory activity was measured using spectrophotometric method. α-amylase activity was measured at λ= 540 nm, α-glucosidase activity and the DPP-IV activity were measured at λ= 405 nm. Eight extracts inhibit both α-glucosidase and α-amylase better than acarbose as a positive control. These extracts are Camelia sinensis(white, green, fermented), Pometia pinnata, Syzygium polyanthum, Artocarpus heteropyllus, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Persea Americana. The ethanolic extracts have DPP-IV inhibitory activity between 10-20%, lower than Diprotin as positive control, except Camelia sinensis (white) which gave the inhibition more than 30% at 62.5 µg mLG 1 . This study showed us that some extracts have inhibition activity of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and DPP-IV.
α-glucosidase inhibitors from plants: A natural approach to treat diabetes
Pharmacognosy Reviews, 2011
Diabetes is a common metabolic disease characterized by abnormally high plasma glucose levels, leading to major complications, such as diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases. One of the effective managements of diabetes mellitus, in particular, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) to decrease postprandial hyperglycemia, is to retard the absorption of glucose by inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as α-glucosidase and α-amylase, in the digestive organs. α-Glucosidase is the key enzyme catalyzing the final step in the digestive process of carbohydrates. Hence, α-glucosidase inhibitors can retard the liberation of d-glucose from dietary complex carbohydrates and delay glucose absorption, resulting in reduced postprandial plasma glucose levels and suppression of postprandial hyperglycemia. In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify effective α-glucosidase inhibitors from natural sources in order to develop a physiologic functional food or lead compounds for use against diabetes. Many α-glucosidase inhibitors that are phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids,anthocyanins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, and so on, have been isolated from plants. In the present review, we focus on the constituents isolated from different plants having α-glucosidase inhibitory potency along with IC50 values.