Stigma and Discrimination towards People Living with HIV in the Context of Families, Communities, and Healthcare Settings: A Qualitative Study in Indonesia (original) (raw)
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Frontiers in Medicine, 2021
Stigma and discrimination are major challenges facing People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) globally due to their HIV status. As part of a larger qualitative study in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia, using in-depth interviews with 92 PLWHA (52 women, 40 men) and 20 healthcare providers, this paper describes perspectives and personal experiences of the 20 healthcare providers, relating to HIV stigma and discrimination toward PLWHA in both study settings. The healthcare providers were recruited from healthcare facilities providing HIV-related healthcare services, using a snowball sampling technique. A qualitative framework analysis was used to guide data analysis. Health stigma and discrimination framework guided the conceptualisation and discussion of the findings. The findings presented the views and perspectives of healthcare providers that HIV stigma and discrimination toward PLWHA still occurred within families, communities and healthcare settings. These were reflected in negative l...
Social Support, Stigma and Discrimination for People Living with HIV in Indonesia, 2012
This study use data collected directly from 996 PLHIV households (the target group) and 996 non-PLHIV households (the control group). The sample is spread across 13 cities in 7 provinces with different levels of HIV prevalence to determine the impact of HIV and AIDS on households. Due to a lack of data and sampling frameworks, this study used quota sampling, and cannot be considered statistically representative of PLHIV households in Indonesia. Stigma and discrimination were found to be serious problems which need to be followed up immediately since it often results in a failure by PLHIVs to disclose their HIV status to health service providers, the community, their families and their life partners. This has hindered access to proper services and assistance by such PLHIV. The main causes of stigma and discrimination were found to be a lack of comprehensive knowledge about HIV. Despite this, the study found that most respondents had received positive support from their families, even though many PLHIV were still discriminated against even by them, with discrimination within families more prevalent for female PLHIV compared to male PLHIV. Some discrimination was also apparent within the community, although most stigma and discrimination was experienced by respondents at the hands of health service providers and patients.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020
It is well acknowledged that human immunodeficiency virus stigma (HIV stigma) challenges people living with HIV globally. There is a scarcity of information about determinants of HIV stigma and discrimination among married men in the Indonesian context. This study aimed to explore factors that contribute to stigma and discrimination against HIV-positive men married to women in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data from participants using a snowball sampling technique. A framework analysis was used to guide the analysis of the data. HIV stigma framework was also applied in the conceptualisation and the discussion of the findings. The findings indicate that participants experienced external stigma within healthcare facilities, communities and families. This external stigma was expressed in various discriminatory attitudes and behaviours by healthcare professionals and community and family members. Similarly, participants experienced ant...
The Indonesian Journal of Public Health
Introduction: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) face bio-psycho-socio-spiritual problems. The stigma against PLWHA exists in more than 65 countries. Indonesia occupied the highest position in the Pacific with a case rate of 62.8%. Stigma has contributed to the failure of HIV and AIDS epidemic-control programs. Aims: To determine the stigma against PLWHA in Indonesia. Method: This study used the 2017 IDHS dataset with a cross-sectional design. The study sample comprised 47.233 people. The variables studied included age, sex, marital status, educational level, economic status, employment status, mass media exposure, type of residence, knowledge about HIV and AIDS, and stigma against PLWHA. The data analysis technique was the chi-square test and logistic regression with α 0.05 (5%). Result: Factors that determined the stigma of PLWHA include age 15-19 (OR 1.611), age 20-24 (OR 1.438), age 25-29 (OR 1.131), age 30-34 (OR ...
HIV-related stigma and discrimination: a study of health care workers in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia, 2013
Latar belakang: Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat stigma dan diskriminasi tenaga kesehatan terhadap orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) serta menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Zainoel Abidin Banda Aceh, Indonesia dengan menggunakan metode potong lintang. Delapan puluh sembilan tenaga kesehatan diikutsertakan dalam penelitian yang dipilih secara purposif. Analisis korelasi, analisis varian (Anova) dan analisis t-test digunakan sesuai dengan jenis data. Model analisis linier berganda digunakan untuk menentukan faktor prediktor munculnya stigma dan diskriminasi pada tenaga kesehatan. Hasil: Didapatkan bahwa stigma dan diskriminasi masih tinggi pada tenaga kesehatan. Analisis bivariat didapatkan bahwa jenis tenaga kesehatan, pendidikan, status perkawinan, pengetahuan tentang penularan dan pencegahan HIV dan ketakutan irasional terhadap penularan HIV berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap tingkat stigma (p < 0,05). Jenis tenaga kesehatan, status perkawinan, umur, pengetahuan tentang penularan dan pencegahan HIV dan ketakutan irasional terhadap penularan HIV berpengaruh secara bermakna terhadap tingkat disriminasi (p < 0,05). Model regresi linier berganda mendapatkan bahwa jenis tenaga kesehatan, dan ketakutan irasional terhadap penularan HIV berhubungan dengan stigma (R 2 = 0,230), sedangkan pengetahuan tentang penularan dan pencegahan HIV berhubungan dengan disriminasi (R 2 = 0,119). Kesimpulan: Ketakutan irasional terhadap penularan HIV dan jenis tenaga kesehatan merupakan faktor prediktor munculnya stigma sedangkan pengetahuan tentang penularan dan pencegahan HIV merupakan faktor prediktor munculnya diskriminasi pada tenaga kesehatan terhadap ODHA.
Stigma of People Living with HIV/AIDS and Its Related Factors among Health Students in UIN Jakarta
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Health Science, ICHS 2020, 26-27 October 2020, Jakarta, Indonesia, 2021
The challenge of HIV/AIDS problems in Indonesia is stigma and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study was aimed to determine factors related to stigma to PLWHA among health student in UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia. This research used a cross sectional study design involving 155 health students that were selected randomly as respondents. Data were collected utilizing questionnaire through google form then analyzed by performing Chi-square test. Results showed that 60.6% of respondents still had stigmatize against PLWHA. Poor knowledge (p value = 0.035), influence of peer attitudes (p value = 0.002), and parent's attitude (p value = 0.003) had significantly associated with stigma to PLWHA. It is recommended that health students have to improve their knowledge about HIV/AIDS with reliable and valid source of information in order not to be easily influenced by the attitude of parents and peers regarding stigma of PLWHA.
Japan Journal of Nursing Science, 2020
AimThis study aimed to describe the level of HIV stigma experience and the HIV stigma management strategies used by persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Bali, Indonesia.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted from March to May 2019. In total, 215 respondents were recruited using purposive sampling from hospitals and HIV private clinic. The research tools consisted of the demographic characteristics form, the 28‐Item Internalized HIV Stigma Scale, and the Stigma Management Strategies Checklist. This study used descriptive statistics and non‐parametric statistics to analyze the data.ResultsOverall, the transformed mean score of HIV stigma experience was at a low level (mean = 42.88, SD ± 17.59). There was no statistically significant difference between demographic characteristics and HIV stigma (p > .05). Of the 38 stigma management strategies, prayer (70.7%) was reported as the most common, whereas forgiving one's spouse (4.1%) was the least utilized strategy of ...
Kesmas: National Public Health Journal
Health-related stigma causes a negative impact on the lives of affected people and undermines the effectiveness of public health programs. This study aimedto explore experiences and consequences of stigma among people affected by four health conditions relevant in Indonesia– HIV (Human ImmunodeficiencyVirus), leprosy, schizophrenia and diabetes. In this qualitative study 40 people affected by the four health conditions in Jakarta and West Java, Indonesia–,were interviewed between March and June 2018. Data were analyzed thematically by following an integrative inductive-deductive approach. The experiencesand consequences of people with stigma were similar, but such experience were more severe among people affected by HIV, leprosy, and schizophrenia.Those with diabetes either experienced no or less severe stigma. The participants revealed that they experienced enacted stigma in healthcare, employment,and social interactions in the structural and interpersonal levels. They also experie...
Polish Annals of Medicine, 2015
Introduction: Study of HIV-related stigmatized and discriminatory attitudes is predominantly conducted in the regions with high HIV prevalence; therefore, understanding about stigmatized and discriminatory attitudes dynamic in the region with a very low HIV prevalence is needed. Aim: To identify the levels of stigmatized attitudes toward people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their predictors among health care providers (HCPs) in Aceh, the lowest HIV prevalence province in Indonesia. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven regencies in Aceh. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 589 HCPs (doctors, nurses, midwifes and supporting staffs). Univariate analyses including one-way analysis of variance, ttest and correlation test were performed according to data type. Multiple linear regression was conducted to identify the predictors of stigmatized attitudes. Results and discussion: The level of HIV-stigmatized attitudes among HCPs in Aceh was high. Univariate analysis revealed that location, experience of direct contact with PLHIV, knowledge on HIV transmission and prevention, value-driven stigma and overestimated risk to HIV transmission were associated significantly with stigmatized attitudes levels (P < 0.05).
Stigmatization of Household Mother with HIV/AIDS in Tulungagung District, East Java, Indonesia
2020
Stigma is an assessment of behavior or character that is not fair or gives a negative title to a particular person or group that aims to isolate. The study aimed to explore the experience of housewives with HIV AIDS about the stigma experienced by health workers. A qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was applied in this study. Eleven informants were selected from Tulungagung Regency area. We conducted the data collection using the in-depth interview; data analysis was carried out according to Collaizi's steps. The results of this study are information about the stigmatized experience of PLWHA, namely 1) Writing identity with a specific code, 2) HIV status of informants was discussed by nurses at the hospital, Using gloves and masks when handling, even if only limited to checking body temperature, 3) Separation of hospitalization rooms while undergoing hospitalization, 4) Not given health services because of the unavailability of drugs when sick, This research sho...