Chilean Antarctic krill fishery (2011-2016) (original) (raw)
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Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research
Krill (Euphausia superba) catch is currently the most relevant fishery industry in Antarctic waters. This resource is a keystone species in the Antarctic food web, sustaining the contribution to the trophic ecology of many invertebrate and vertebrate species. To catch krill, part of the fleet in this fishery uses large mid-water nets that also retain a diversity of other organisms like plankton, meroplankton, and fish species as bycatch. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and evaluate the magnitude of this incidental catch, as well as the potential interactions between krill fishing gear with seabirds and mammals. To estimate the composition and extent of bycatch for this fishery included 784 samples of 25 kg and an equal number of 1 kg sub-samples obtained from Antarctic krill catches in Subarea 48, between years 2012 and 2016. A total of 15 fish species were identified along with the record of five other taxa and other unidentified specimens. The most relevant fish species b...
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) has a circumpolar distribution and is central to the food chain of the Southern Ocean. The current annual catch (ca. 120,000 tonnes) is well below the precautionary catch limits set by CCAMLR of 4,000,000 tonnes in Statistical Area 48 and 890,000 tonnes in Statistical Area 58. In this paper, a brief review of the harvesting techniques for Antarctic krill is presented along with the results of harvesting operations for Antarctic krill in Fishing Area 58 in the India Ocean Sector of Southern Ocean, during the First Indian Antarctic Expedition (FIKEX) (27 December 1995 - 10 March 1996) onboard FORV Sagar Sampada. During FIKEX, 18 hauls were made using a 2.5 m Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl (IKMT) in the area 50o00’ - 61o08’ S lat and 30o04’ - 40°04’ E long, from 27 January to 12 February 1996. In the area of operations using IKMT, krill was caught in waters south of 60o parallel (60°43’-61°00’S), between 32°00’-34°05’E long. Krill were present in 33.3% o...
Feeding of the Antarctic Krill Euphausia Superba
Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1984
Antarctic krill resources were previously abundant and the total allowable amount of Antarctic krill caught is roughly equal to fishery production around the world. Thus exploiting Antarctic krill is one of the best approaches to pelagic fishing in China. Antarctic krill is a high-quality protein source with low fat content compared to other fishery products. Therefore, products and by-products of the krill were widely applied. However, problems still hindered development of the Antarctic krill. The aim of this article is to assess the nutritional value, existing products and potential benefits of Antarctic krill. Relevant problems and strategies were implemented, according to the recommendations in the paper. These recommendations were guided by the high value products and focused on research of processing equipment and technology. From here we built long-term plans based on markets. Lastly, support is provided for the strategies utilized to process Antarctic krill in China.
Antarctic Krill: a reappraisal of its distribution
Polar Record, 1976
The past ten years have seen a greatly increased interest in the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba Dana (Fig 1). In particular there have been several Russian expeditions whose main aim has been the evaluation of krill as an exploitable resource (Burukovskiy and Yaragov, 1965) and, more recently, Japanese expeditions have ventured into the Southern Ocean with similaraims (Nemoto and Nasu, 1975). It is obviously vital that international agreement should be reached soon to control this potential exploitation of Southern Ocean fisheries. The problem is at present receiving careful consideration by the SCAR Group of Specialists on Living Resources ofthe Southern Ocean.
Gambling with Krill Fisheries in the Antarctic: Large uncertainties equate with high risks
2009
Krill effectively underpin Southern Ocean food webs as illustrated by . Food webs in this ocean realm are simpler than those found in many other ecosystems. Although there are fewer species, however, they are present in large numbers. Hence, it has been estimated that the crabeater seal is the second most abundant large mammal on the planet after humans (Siniff 1991). Although precise numbers are currently the subject of some debate, estimates of krill consumption by this species range from 50 to 130 million tonnes annually. In addition to the seal species, a variety of seabirds including Adélie, chinstrap, macaroni and gentoo penguins feed extensively on krill. The seven species of baleen whale present in the Southern Ocean all feed on krill. Finally, krill are an important component of the diet of various fish species.
Climate Change and Management of Antarctic Krill Fisheries
Marine Resources, Climate Change and International Management Regimes
Climate Change and Management of Krill Fisheries 241 measures to implement the objectives of the Convention, including by establishing assessment criteria and methods, analysing direct and indirect effects of harvesting, and evaluating the effects of proposed conservation measures (Art. XV). This advice derives from assessments conducted by five working groups, including those on Ecosystem Management and Monitoring (EMM, responsible for krill, including predator-prey interactions and how they relate to environmental features) and Fish Stock Assessment (FSA, responsible for targeted finfish resources, mostly toothfish). Other working groups and subgroups evaluate new assessment methods and models. The Standing Committee on Inspection and Compliance (SCIC) advises the Commission on ways to improve adherence to conservation measures. Important compliance mechanisms include the System of Inspection, which ensures access for inspectors designated by non-flag states to fishing vessels and logbooks at sea as well as in port, and the System of International Scientific Observations. The latter was established primarily for scientific monitoring purposes, but now also provides information on the compliance of specific vessels; the required observer coverage in the krill fishery has increased gradually, achieving full coverage by 2020 (CCAMLR 2018a: 8). The CAMLR Convention applies south of a line that approximates the Antarctic Polar Front (Art. I), a natural and dynamic boundary for the regional marine ecosystem (see Ch. 11), and forms part of a larger institutional complex (Oberthür and Stokke 2011) that includes the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) (Stokke and Vidas 1996). The centrepiece of that system is the 1959 Antarctic Treaty with its annual Consultative Meeting (ATCM), advised by the Scientific Committee for Antarctic Research (SCAR) and, after the adoption of the 1991 Environmental Protocol, by the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP). Other major components of the ATS are the 1972 Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Seals, as well as all measures in force under these various agreements, such as the Agreed Measures for Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora (including birds and mammals) (Vidas 1996). The CAMLR Convention's spatial ambit and placement in a larger institutional complex are conducive to ecosystem-based management: among the major krill predators, only whales are managed by an institution that is not a formal part of the ATS-the International Whaling Commission. CCAMLR cooperates with that institution through regular exchange of scientific information, as it also does with the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna, which manages a stock with some occurrence in northern parts of the CCAMLR area. Rising attention to climate change A recent review of responses to climate change by regional fisheries management bodies (Rayfuse 2019) found that CCAMLR has been more explicit than other organizations on the need to take climate change into consideration, adding, however, that none of the organizations studied had advanced substantially toward integrating climate impacts into their research and regulatory activities. References to climate change and its potential impacts on the Southern Ocean ecosystem can be found in Scientific Committee reports since 1989 (SC-CAMLR 1989: Annex 2) but their frequency and prominence remained low, well into the early 2000s.
Setting a precautionary catch limit for Antarctic krill
…, 2002
Watkins, J. L.; Naganobu, M.; Tshernyshkov, P.; Brierley, A. S.; Demer, D. A.; Kasatkina, S.; Takao, Y.; Goss, C.; Malyshko, A.; Brandon, M. A.; Kawaguchi, S.; Siegel, V.; Trathan, P. N.; Emery, J. H.; Everson, I. and Miller, D. G. M. (2002). Setting a precautionary catch limit for Antarctic krill. Oceanography, 15(3), pp. 26-33.