Injury Epidemiology: The Neglected Chapter (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a model of hospital-based injury surveillance and describe the epidemiology of injuries in adults. One-year prospective surveillance was conducted in two hospitals in Hetauda, Nepal. Data were collected electronically for patients presenting to emergency departments (EDs) with injuries between April 2019 and March 2020. To evaluate the model’s sustainability, clinical leaders, senior managers, data collectors, and study coordinators were interviewed. The total number of patients with injuries over one year was 10,154, representing 30.7% of all patients visiting the EDs. Of patients with injuries, 7458 (73.4%) were adults aged 18 years and over. Most injuries (6434, 86%) were unintentional, with smaller proportions due to assault (616, 8.2%) and self-harm (408, 5.5%). The median age of adult patients was 33 years (IQR 25–47). Males had twice the rate of ED presentation compared with females (40.4 vs. 20.9/1000). The most common causes were roa...
Injury in the Developing World—From Prevention to Care
The International Journal of Emergency Medicine publishes abstracts from various international meetings as a means to highlight ongoing international emergency medicine research. The following abstracts are from the meeting "Injury in the Developing World-From Prevention to Care" held in Karachi, Pakistan on 26-28 August 2008. Injuries are a major public health problem in Pakistan and across the globe. Burden of disease analysis has shown injuries to be one of the leading causes of loss of healthy life. Injuries rank 11th in terms of mortality and second in terms of disability in Pakistan. The abstracts are organized into four main topic areas: (1) traffic accidents and injuries (2) domestic violence (3) public health and disaster medicine, and (4) general medicine.
Injury prevention and health promotion: A global perspective
Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 2018
Since its inception 27 years ago (1990), the Health Promotion Journal of Australia has featured many articles on aspects of injury prevention, particularly noticeable during the past five years. With this issue, it will be only the second time the journal has launched a Special Issue on injury prevention, the first one appearing in Volume 1, issue 2, in 1991. 1 As editors of the current issue, we felt the dedicated emphasis on injury prevention and health promotion in the journal is long overdue, given that our careers in injury prevention have changed considerably since the first Special Issue was published (and that a new cadre of health promotion professionals have entered the field). Therefore, we believe it is timely and important to feature some of the recent research focusing on injury prevention and health promotion. 2 | INJURIES AND VIOLENCE In addition to the many preventable diseases that are seen in the practice of health promotion, there is one health threat that the public still accepts as a fait accompli-injuries. Injuries, which include both unintentional injuries and violence, are a major public health problem impacting individuals, families and the communities in which they live. Injuries and violence are widespread, affecting populations across the world. 2 Every day, around the world, almost 16 000 people die from an injury-this accounts for 10% of the world's deaths, 32% more than the number of fatalities that result from malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS combined. Nearly one-third of the 5.8 million deaths from injuries are the result of violence and nearly another one-quarter are the result of road traffic crashes. Almost twice as many men than women die as a result of injuries and violence each year and traffic crashes are the main cause of death among young men worldwide. For every person who dies, thousands more are nonfatally injuredmany of them are permanently disabled. 2 Injury rates are also generally higher in rural areas, as compared with urban settings. 3,4 This is often related to poverty, remoteness and residents' exposure to different hazards (eg, violence in large urban centres, pesticides in rural and agricultural areas and access to water bodies). The built environment can be protective (such as bridges for pedestrians over roads or rives); however, environmental factors can also contribute to higher injury rates in rural areas, for example higher speed limits on rural roads, poorer road conditions,
BMC Health Services Research
Background Globally, injuries cause more than 5 million deaths annually, a similar number to those from HIV, Tuberculosis and Malaria combined. In people aged between 5 and 44 years of age trauma is the leading cause of death and disability and the burden is highest in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Like other LMICs, injuries represent a significant burden in Nepal and data suggest that the number is increasing with high morbidity and mortality. In the last 20 years there have been significant improvements in injury outcomes in high income countries as a result of organised systems for collecting injury data and using this surveillance to inform developments in policy and practice. Meanwhile, in most LMICs, including Nepal, systems for routinely collecting injury data are limited and the establishment of injury surveillance systems and trauma registries have been proposed as ways to improve data quality and availability. Methods This study will implement an injury surveil...
A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study on the Epidemiology of Injuries in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh
Cureus, 2023
Background: Globally, injuries are a major public health concern. An injury is a physical damage that results when the human body is suddenly or briefly subjected to intolerable levels of energy. Objectives: The objectives of this study are to describe the nature and mechanism of injuries and their association with age and gender and to assess the health-seeking behavior and cost incurred due to mortality and morbidity related to injuries. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study focused on the community was conducted in 10 chosen wards of Raipur City. The sample size was 310 injured individuals. The recall period was for a full year. Information was gathered by using a questionnaire that had been pretested. The results were given as percentages, and the association was determined using the chi-square test and Fischer's exact test. Results: The majority (30.1%) of the study subjects suffered from cut/bite/open wound injuries, followed by fractures (17.3%). The leading type of injury was caused by falls (38.8%) and road traffic injuries (34.9%), followed by burns (7.1%) and dog bites (5.4%). Ninety percent of the study subjects had taken medical care. Half of them (51.3%) visited a private hospital, and 23.1% did not visit any hospital for treatment. Fifty percent of the study subjects or their family had expenses less than Indian National Rupee (INR) 500. A significant association was found between age and fracture and the sprain type of injury. The burn type of injury was more among females, which is significantly associated. A significant association was found between age and injury caused by a dog bite, fall, and traffic. The association between gender and injury caused by traffic, burn, and fall was significant. Conclusions: Focusing on reducing injury-related morbidity may be crucial in injury prevention techniques including behavioral changes, health education, and the urgent need for the proper implementation and oversight of a road safety act.
Journal of Safety Research, 1998
Due to the lack of valid injury data, the objective of this study was to assess the injury morbidity and mortality in a local community of Bangladesh. A population-based survey of 3,258 households was conducted in 1996. The information was collected by trained field-level health workers using three pretested structured forms. The estimated crude morbidity from injuries was 311 per 1,000 population per year, and injury accounted for 13% of all morbidity. The children and old-age groups experienced higher injury rates than others, and male children aged 5-15 years had the highest incidence rates (546/1,000 person-years). Falls and cutting injuries tended to be the most frequently (62.4%) observed types of injuries in this survey. The home (42%) and workplace (42%) were where most of the injuries occurred, and the majority (70.7%) of the injuries were minor. Of all deaths, mortality from injuries was 2.9%, and drowning (27.8%) and homicide (16.7%) were found as common forms of injury-causing deaths. This study invites more detailed investigation on injury morbidity and mortality.
Burden of injuries in Nepal, 1990–2017: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Injury Prevention
BackgroundNepal is a low-income country undergoing rapid political, economic and social development. To date, there has been little evidence published on the burden of injuries during this period of transition.MethodsThe Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) is a comprehensive measurement of population health outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality. We analysed the GBD 2017 estimates for deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from injuries to ascertain the burden of injuries in Nepal from 1990 to 2017.ResultsThere were 16 831 (95% uncertainty interval 13 323 to 20 579) deaths caused by injuries (9.21% of all-cause deaths (7.45% to 11.25%)) in 2017 while the proportion of deaths from injuries was 6.31% in 1990. Overall, the injury-specific age-standardised mortality rate declined from 88.91 (71.54 to 105.31) per 100 000 in 1990 to 70.25 (56.75 to 85.11) per 100 000 in 2017. In 2017, 4.11% (2.47% to 6.10%) of a...
Injuries, Injury Preventionand Public Health
American Journal of Health Behavior, 2004
To introduce the readers to the field of injury prevention and comprehensive public health intervention approaches. Methods: A review of injury epidemiology, statistics, definitions, intervention approaches, and the importance of health promotion is provided. Results: Behavioral, environmental, and technological solutions will be necessary to reduce or eliminate the factors that lead to injury. Conclusions: Reductions in injury and their costs will need the support, collaboration, and partnering of several disciplines. The use of sound behavioral and social science theories and methods will be an essential component of intervention effectiveness.