ARCHTHEO '16 X. INTERNATIONAL THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE CONFERENCE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE (original) (raw)
Related papers
A SURVEY ON THE SOCIAL AND SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GATED COMMUNITIES IN ANKARA1
Like in any other city, "they" became a very popular housing style in Turkey over the last decades. Although Istanbul holds the first place among the other cities where gated communities are mostly built, "gated" settlements are observed in every large and medium sized cities of Anatolia. This new kind of dwelling, which is totally separated from the rest of the city by walls, fences and security installations, is seen as a result of social and economic changes in community. Although private investors design gated residential complexes mainly for higher-income households, gated housing settlements are built for upper-middle and middle income groups, as well. This paper focuses on the gated communities in Ankara, the capital of Turkey, and attempts to analyse the main reasons of the inhabitants living in a gated settlement. In this empirical study, two gated communities from different parts of Ankara are chosen and a survey was conducted with the inhabitants. Besides their physical characteristics, the social and economic features are examined.
ENHR CONFERENCES 2012, Lillehammer, NORWAY, 2012
This paper aims to analyze the changing urban fabric of Istanbul, emphasizing the discrepancies and contradictions between older housing patterns and the gated communities in plot, a significant part of the recent typology of habitation. The neighborhood of Feneryolu, which is a district on the Anatolian side of Istanbul, is selected as the research field. It is observed that there have been five different housing types since the beginning of settlement in this neighborhood.
GATED COMMUNITIES: PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION OR SOCIAL DESTRUCTION TOOL?
2005
The Congress theme: "The Dream of a Greater Europe" combined with themes of some tracks such as: "Housing and community development", have both encouraged us to present this paper. The social blend which we are gaining by the birth of The Greater Europe ; the big variety of social classes living together on the new European community ; and the mobility freedom all over the Continent, may launch again the desire to be enclosed in settlements with homogeneous social fabric, with people of the same nationality, culture and standard of living. This may re-launch the movement of gated communities in Europe. This is why we are trying here to explore possible forms and effects of gated communities on the societies. In order to avoid its bad effects on our growing European Community. The main task of this paper is to explore the effects of gated communities as an urban paradigm on the:
Urban and Spatial View of Gated Communities as Transformation Products: An Experimental Study
Journal of Architecture, Arts and Heritage, 2023
In every era of history architecture has been formed under the influence of social, political and economical changes, and the change of social life has also affected its spatial formations. In line with the multiple transformations in economical, political, socio-cultural contexts and the strategies of the capitalist system on urban space, cities have entered a restructuring process by becoming the focal points of global capital. After 1980, in many cities around the world, starting to move to housing estates which are formed as residence groups in and outside the city limits, gated communities emerged as a controlled way of living areas. In this study, the settlements referred to as gated communities in the literature have been interpreted as a spatial expression of socioeconomic inequality. In this direction, the emergence of gated communities, which are considered as the appearance of urban and spatial segregation, and the tension it creates in the society are examined over the city of Ankara, for the example of Ankara Park Vadi, a survey study was conducted with the participants living around the gated housing complex, questioning the social sustainability qualities of the space and the house. According to the survey data obtained, it was claimed that there was a 'tension' created by the gated settlements. As a result of this tension, the sense of belonging to the place where people live decreases, social habits and relations in the settlements are broken, and the social sustainability quality of the spaces disappears.
Like in any other city, "they" became a very popular housing style in Turkey over the last decades. Although Istanbul holds the first place among the other cities where gated communities are mostly built, "gated" settlements are observed in every large and medium sized cities of Anatolia. This new kind of dwelling, which is totally separated from the rest of the city by walls, fences and security installations, is seen as a result of social and economic changes in community. Although private investors design gated residential complexes mainly for higher-income households, gated housing settlements are built for upper-middle and middle income groups, as well. This paper focuses on the gated communities in Ankara, the capital of Turkey, and attempts to analyse the main reasons of the inhabitants living in a gated settlement. In this empirical study, two gated communities from different parts of Ankara are chosen and a survey was conducted with the inhabitants. Besides their physical characteristics, the social and economic features are examined.
Development of the Urban Periphery and Issues Related to Urban Landscape Due to Gated Communities
Journalism and Mass Communication, 2015
Due to the industrialisation and rapid urbanisation after 1950's, housing demand has increased together with an insufficient housing production to meet the need in Turkey. As a consequence of the large deficit between the annual housing demand and supply, squatter housing construction was the major means for shelter of low income families who can not have their place in the housing market as buyers. Squatter houses are located either on the peripheries of the cities or mostly outside of the urban boundaries on public land or illegally subdivided land by creating many physical, social and environmental problems. After 1990's, depending on the globalisation wind and neo-liberal policies that enriched the new elites who have new life styles, the housing capital focused on these group. After 1999 earthquake in Turkey, the fear of possible earthquake has also changed the housing preference as from the high-rise apartment buildings to the lower detached houses. As a consequence of this supply-demand chain, the private housing investment was directed to the gated communities which are isolated settlements with restricted access, so that public spaces are privatised or their use is prohibited or controlled on the edge of the metropoliten cities. These settlements also have physical and social problems. This paper will analyze the change of urban periphery, location and relation with the natural thresholds and the main transportation system of these settlements of Turkey in the light of literature review and some development plans and interview with real estate developers and users.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss the change in the phenomenon of gated communities in Istanbul and their impact on the city. The paper will consist of three sections. In the first one, the concept of Gated Community will be introduced and its situation in the world and in Istanbul will be explored. In the second part, the differentiation between the Gated Communities /settlements in Istanbul during Eighties and Nineties will be explained. Their situation in the city today and the change process during 20 years the condition they generated will be examined. In the last (third) part, change in the gated community with their site and house plans and number of houses and their population, their social and physical properties will be examined to discover how they have changed during in the new millennium. With this aim in mind, literature review and internet search will be the tools of methodology. They will support the physical and social characteristics of settlements.
Gated communities leading the development on the periphery of Istanbul metropolitan area
az.itu.edu.tr
Increasing interest on gated communities has occurred especially in the literature on the big cities in the world related to the globalization process. Istanbul Metropolitan Area has indicated the impacts of globalization process not only with the changes on capital and business areas, but also with the new housing trends. While the new housing trends which display the features of gated communities, has been directing towards the northern periphery of Istanbul, the developers have an active role on the accelerating of this process. Further, it has significant impacts on the transformation of the metropolitan periphery in terms of land use pattern and land values. In this paper, occurrence of gated communities is examined regarding their typologies, marketing strategies, locational preferences and the impacts of metropolitan periphery. After the evaluation of the impacts of globalization process on the gated communities in Istanbul Metropolitan Area, a case study is conducted in Gokturk settlement in terms of its development process as a hosting environment for gated communities and real estate developers. The findings highlighted the similarities of features of all gated communities, identifying lifestyle and prestige, while the existing projects play an important role on locational decisions of developers and changes on the land use pattern and density of the periphery.
REFLECTION OF FORTIFIED SEGREGATION ON URBAN SPACES: A CRITICAL APPROACH TO THE THRESHOLDS IN ANKARA
Theory and Research in Architecture, Planning and Design II - book, 2020
Segregation is the separation of social groups into particular roles and/ or spaces (Norton&Mercier, 2019; Ritzer, 2007). Also, urban segregation is a concept used to indicate the fragmentation between different social groups in an urban environment. Design is an important indicator of social life, since there is a strong relationship between spatial arrangements and lifestyles of people. With the support of right design decisions, it is pos- sible to achieve a social integration which contributes to the sustainable community. The city is a place of highest concentration of power and culture of a community which composes a social entity. Density and heterogeneity are the main features of the social and cultural spaces (Simmel, 1950). And neighburhoods as the smallest representative unit of the city integ- rates people through the development of social practices in everyday life (Roitman, 2005). The selection of living territories results in a fragmenta- tion in the city which constitutes a clustering as places of different groups. These groups, which based on the homogeneity of the neighbourhoods start to define themselves in terms of “us” and “them” (Rapaport, 1977). Moreover these places differ in lifestyles, symbol systems and environ- mental quality although they stay near each other. Although the tendency of similar people to live together is rejected in the theory, settling in this way have been a reality of our cities (Rapaport, 1977). The most obvious and clear example of this segregation can be ob- served on neighborhood scale. Neighborhoods are one particular type of homogeneous area. People choose their neighborhoods related to shared images and a desire to preserve a lifestyle, religion or culture. Reasons of clustering in neighborhoods can be differentiated in time. For examp- le, even in the medieval cities of the West and in the traditional Ottoman city, the neighborhoods display a heterogeneous socio-economic structure, although they include religious and ethnic groups. With the emergence of capitalist society, the capital accumulation is concentrated in the cities; instead of being attached to religious and ethnic identity, it started to dif- ferentiate depending on income and class identity (Kurtuluş, 2003). In to- day’s world, the essence of people’s economic, social and cultural relations determine their consumption and activity patterns. The individual is at the forefront of what he or she consumes as mentioned by Erich Fromm (1976) with the sentence “I am what I have and what I consume”. Moreover, the reflection of this lifestyle can directly be observed on the spatial articulati- on. For this reason, economic restructuring triggers changes in the global city’s structure (Maloutas, 2004). As a consequence, while the city is being spatially fragmented; at the same time, society is fragmented by socio-e- conomic and cultural divisions. Process of fragmentation in physical and social structure are mutually interdependent (Bilsel, 2006). As a result, the city becomes segregated, consisting of countless walled-islands with divi- ded social groups. In this study, it is aimed to answer the questions of why socio-spatial segregation come into life in order to mediate a change for the future and reveal the consequences of this fragmentation within the city. Additionally, the spatial segregation process of Ankara and the formation of walled is- lands by the upper income group has been discussed and the fictions of these habitats have been examined through the Merkez Ankara Project.