English for police officers (original) (raw)

Police stops, decision-making and practice

Police Research Series Paper, 2000

This is the fourth report produced from a programme of research on stops and searches carried out by the Home Office's Policing and Reducing Crime Unit (Research, Development and Statistics Directorate). This programme was developed following the Report of the Inquiry into the Death of Stephen Lawrence. That report highlighted minority ethnic communities' lack of trust and confidence in the use of stops and searches and recommended that the police should make a record of all stops and all searches of the public.

Policing and Police text road.pdf

Police system and policing are diverse concepts having multiple specifications and complexities in association with law implementation. However, the current study has been delimited to the attitude of community concerning police and policing in District Dir Lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The sample for the current study has been drawn from diverse community classified into three main categories i.e. lawyers, offenders and general community members of age 20 and above. The empirical data was collected from 200 using convenient/purposive sampling approach because the exact population of the three strata was unknown. Further, structured interview schedule was used as a tool of data collection. Besides, apart from the manual handling of the data, computer and statistical package especially SPSS was carefully utilized to process and analyze the data. The information reveal that police and policing have been influenced by elite class have been held responsible for negative perception of people. The study suggest that if police perform their due role and function for collective benefits, public will be satisfied and expect more from police positively in spite of fear and hesitation.

Gone fishing: The Operation of Police Vehicle Stops in England and Wales

Criminology and Criminal Justice, 2023

This article analyses the operation of police vehicle stop checks in England and Wales. In contrast to other common police powers, vehicle checks are remarkably under-regulated and have received little academic attention, but they are regularly used coercive powers supported by criminal sanction. Based upon a 6-year ethnographic study, including observations of 205 vehicle stops, this article sets out how stop checks are used as part of routine policing. We consider their effectiveness in reducing crime and assess their link to stop and search. Our data cast doubt on the effectiveness of self-generated vehicle stop checks for identifying crime and indicate that they may play a role in driving racial disproportionality in stop and search. We conclude that stop checks should be recorded by officers, which will improve the accountability of the power and could provide important data for uncovering the reasons for racial disproportionality in the use of stop and search.

Requests and counters in Russian traffic police officer-citizen encounters

Benjamins current topics, 2018

Full bibliographic details must be given when referring to, or quoting from full items including the author's name, the title of the work, publication details where relevant (place, publisher, date), pagination, and for theses or dissertations the awarding institution, the degree type awarded, and the date of the award.

Police Stops and Searches – The Case of Bulgaria

Polic. sigur. (Zagreb) broj 4, str. 415 - 424, 2022

The article presents the results of a study on police stops and searches in the Republic of Bulgaria. Initially, the authors reflect on the relevance of the subject of police stops and searches. Despite the fact that this police practice attracts significant public interest both at the national and international levels, it has not been subject to constant research attention in Bulgaria. Existing studies are occasional and date back more than ten years ago. Further, the text takes a comprehensive snapshot of the phenomenon: it summarizes the historical context created by the development of the national police, traces the legal framework regulating police stops and searches in the country, and gives an analysis of the practical implications in the implementation of the formal rules. The application of gender and ethnic profiles by police officers when stopping and searching citizens is also discussed. In conclusion, some perspectives regarding the development of the stop and search practice in the authors' country are also outlined.

A Question of Police Role

2016

Listening to National Public Radio, the discussion concerned how the police must change, acquire new training, adopt a different philosophy, demonstrate more tolerance, and other "police only" issues. No conversation about contributing factors and people who are part of all incidents being examined. The debate focused on conjecture about police; however, there are others whose presence at the table is critical for a change to occur.

Document Title: Police Officers' Decision Making and Discretion: Forming Suspicion and Making a Stop

There are two units of analysis in this study, each based on a stage in the officer's decision-making process: (1) the officer becoming suspicious of an individual, and (2) the officer making a stop based on the suspicion. First, we examine the decision to form a suspicion in relation to the characteristics of the areas patrolled, the persons encountered, the days and times suspicion was formed, and finally, the characteristics of officers. We next analyze the officer's decision to stop a citizen in relation to our independent variables. Lastly, we discuss factors associated with the various alternative outcomes of a stop (e.g. use of force, searches, tickets, and arrests). Findings Officers formed suspicion when they observed something unusual, became curious or otherwise distrustful of an individual. During 132 tours where officers were accompanied by observers, officers formed suspicion 174 times. On average, an officer would form suspicion once (X = 1.32; S.D. = 1.27) during a tour of duty (or shift). Officers did not form suspicion on 60 of these tours,. However, on one tour, an officer formed seven suspicions. In the majority of cases, individuals were driving vehicles, opposed to being on foot, at the time suspicion was formed or stops were made (70% and 73.8%, respectively). The majority of persons who aroused the suspicion of officers, or who were stopped by police, were male (74%) minority group members (71%) who averaged thirty-two years of age. However, Blacks constituted a slightly higher percentage of suspicions (71.0%) than stops (68.9%), while whites had an inverse pattern (they constituted 29.0 % of the suspicions and 31.1 % of the stops. Bases for Suspicion When an officer was curious about a citizen or became suspicious, observers asked the officer to provide them with the reason(s) for this concern. The reasons provided by observers were coded according