Various Promising Biological Effects of Cranberry Extract: A Review (original) (raw)
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Cranberries and Their Bioactive Constituents in Human Health
Advances in Nutrition
Recent observational and clinical studies have raised interest in the potential health effects of cranberry consumption, an association that appears to be due to the phytochemical content of this fruit. The profile of cranberry bioactives is distinct from that of other berry fruit, being rich in A-type proanthocyanidins (PACs) in contrast to the B-type PACs present in most other fruit. Basic research has suggested a number of potential mechanisms of action of cranberry bioactives, although further molecular studies are necessary. Human studies on the health effects of cranberry products have focused principally on urinary tract and cardiovascular health, with some attention also directed to oral health and gastrointestinal epithelia. Evidence suggesting that cranberries may decrease the recurrence of urinary tract infections is important because a nutritional approach to this condition could lower the use of antibiotic treatment and the consequent development of resistance to these ...
A review on bioactive metabolites and great biological effects of Cranberry
ERU Research Journal
The Cranberry (Genus Vaccinium) is characterized by its high content of acids, sugars, and antioxidants. Some of the latter have been studied for their potential action against the adhesion of bacteria and many microorganisms to the mucous membranes of the body. The effect observed is "mechanical" and not "bactericidal", so there is no risk of developing resistance phenomena. Cranberry and its juice were thus the first plant extracts in the world used to prevent the adhesion of Escherichia coli bacteria on the uro-epithelial cells lining the genitourinary tract and treat recurrent cystitis. It prevents stomach ulcers through prevention the attachment of Helicobacter Pylori bacteria to the stomach wall. Cranberry is used against dental plaque due to its anti-adhesion effect and has positive repercussions on the formation of dental plaque and gum inflammation. Cranberry products, made from the North American cranberry, have long been thought to be effective in helping prevent urinary tract infections (is one of the most common infections in women, requiring antibiotic treatment.). The American cranberry, which is mainly consumed in the form of cranberry juice (CJ), is regarded as a promising functional food for the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart diseases, type 2
Oral Health Benefits of Cranberry: A Review
IOSR Journals , 2019
Cranberry has a unique combination of phytochemicals which are used for treatment of various systemic diseases including oral diseases like caries,periodontitis and oral cancer. Many in vitro studies have outlined the potential health benefits of cranberry but in vivo studies are still inconclusive. Cranberry inhibit acid production, attachment and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans thereby being an effective anticaries agent. It also inhibits host inflammatory response and adherance of periodontal pathogens on tooth surfaces. Proanthocyanidins in cranberries demonstrate significant cancer prevention. The review aims to well into the potential benefits of cranberry in improving oral health as well as a peep into the still unexplored facets of natural medicaments in oral disease prevention.
POTENTIAL SYSTEMIC AND ORAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF CRANBERRY: A REVIEW
Past few decades have witnessed a drastic resurgence towards herbal medicines. Amongst them, cranberries have attracted numerous researchers owing to their phytochemical content. The unique combination of phytochemicals found in cranberry fruit may produce synergistic health benefits. Recent in vitro and animal studies have demonstrated potential health effects of cranberry consumption; however in vivo data only partially supports this. This mixed outcome may be the result of variations in forms, dosage, regimens, patient compliance, etc. The present article is an attempt to review the existing research on the health effects of cranberry.
Health Benefits of Cranberries: An In-Depth Overview
Health Science Journal, 2023
Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon), small red berries with a distinctive tart flavour, have captivated human attention for centuries due to their potential health benefits and culinary versatility. This abstract provides a concise overview of the comprehensive exploration of cranberries, including their nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, health-promoting properties, potential therapeutic applications, and culinary uses. Cranberries boast a rich nutritional profile, containing essential vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and an array of bioactive compounds such as antioxidants, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins. These compounds contribute to the antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects of cranberries, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases and supporting overall well-being.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007
This study assessed the effect of an 8 week consumption of dried cranberry juice (DCJ) on 65 healthy young women. Basic biochemical and hematological parameters, antioxidant status, presence of metabolites in urine, and urine ex vivo antiadherence activity were determined throughout the trial. A 400 mg amount of DCJ/day had no influence on any parameter tested. A 1200 mg amount of DCJ/day resulted in a statistically significant decrease in serum levels of advanced oxidation protein products. This specific protective effect against oxidative damage of proteins is described here for the first time. Urine samples had an inhibitory effect on the adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, but no increase in urine acidity was noted. Hippuric acid, isomers of salicyluric and dihydroxybenzoic acids, and quercetin glucuronide were identified as the main metabolites. In conclusion, cranberry fruits are effective not only in the prevention of urinary tract infection but also for the prevention of oxidative stress.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011
The glycosides of flavonoid, anthocyanins and A type proanthocyanidins in cranberry concentrate were characterized and quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Cranberry concentrate (1 g/body weight) was orally gavaged to Fischer-344 rats (n = 6), and blood and urine samples were collected over 24 h periods. Quercetin, 3′-O-methylquercetin (isorhamnetin), myricetin, kaempferol, and proanthocyanidin dimer A2, together with thirteen conjugated metabolites of quercetin and methylquercetin and intact peonidin 3-O-galactoside and cyanidin 3-O-galactoside were identified in the rat urine after cranberry treatment. Very low levels of isorhamnetin (0.48 ± 0.09 ng/mL) and proanthocyanidin dimer A2 (0.541 ± 0.10 ng/mL) were found in plasma samples after 1 h of cranberry administration. Although no quercetin was detected in plasma, MRM analysis of the methanolic extract of urinary bladder showed that chronic administration of cranberry concentrate to rats resulted in accumulation of quercetin and isorhamnetin in the bladder. These results demonstrate that cranberry components undergo rapid metabolism and elimination into the urine of rats and are present in the urinary bladder tissue potentially allowing them to inhibit urinary bladder carcinogenesis.
Antimicrobial effect of cranberry juice and extracts
Food Control, 2011
The antimicrobial effect of cranberry juice and of three cranberry extracts (water-soluble (E1) and apolar phenolic compounds (E2), and anthocyanins (E3)) was investigated against seven bacterial strains (Enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin (ERV), Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL 933, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Listeria monocytogenes HPB 2812, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Salmonella Typhimurium SL1344, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213). Each cranberry
Effect of cranberry juice concentrate on chemically-induced urinary bladder cancers
Oncology Reports, 2008
The chemopreventive efficacy of cranberry juice concentrate in an experimental model of urinary bladder cancer was evaluated using female Fischer-344 rats. The animals received N-butyl-N-(4hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (OH-BBN) for a period of eight weeks. Cranberry juice concentrate was administered at doses of 1.0 or 0.5 ml/rat/ day beginning one week after the final OH-BBN treatment and continuing until the end of the study. The urinary bladders of all the rats were weighed and examined grossly for lesions, and all masses were submitted for pathological evaluation. A dosedependent preventive effect of cranberry treatment was observed, with a reduced number of urinary bladder cancers (38%) in the 1.0 ml/rat/day group versus the control group. The cranberry extract neither affected body weight gain nor caused other signs of toxicity. For the metabolic studies, serum and urine were collected at 4 and 12 h after the administration of the cranberry juice concentrate and were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Quercetin and its methylated derivative were detected in the urine samples. However, no quercetin was detected in the serum samples, indicating its poor bioavailability. These data suggest that components of cranberries may be effective in preventing urinary bladder carcinogenesis.