Evaluation of the Validity and Reliability of Connected Insoles to Measure Gait Parameters in Healthy Adults (original) (raw)
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Validation and reliability testing of a new, fully integrated gait analysis insole
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 2015
Background: A new tool (OpenGo, Moticon GmbH) was introduced to continuously measure kinetic and temporospatial gait parameters independently through an insole over up to 4 weeks. The goal of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of this new insole system in a group of healthy individuals. Methods: Gait data were collected from 12 healthy individuals on a treadmill at two different speeds. In total, six trials of three minutes each were performed by every participant. Validation was performed with the FDM-S System (Zebris). Complete sensor data were used for a within test reliability analysis of over 10000 steps. Intraclass correlation was calculated for different gait parameters and analysis of variance performed. Results: Intraclass correlation for the validation was >0.796 for temporospatial and kinetic gait parameters. No statistical difference was seen between the insole and force plate measurements (difference between means: 36.3 ± 27.19 N; p = 0.19 and 0.027 ± 0.028 s; p = 0.36). Intraclass correlation for the reliability was >0.994 for all parameters measured. Conclusion: The system is feasible for clinical trials that require step by step as well as grouped analysis of gait over a long period of time. Comparable validity and reliability to a stationary analysis tool has been shown.
Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research (JSIR), 2020
There are different cycles involved in the gait. In order to detect the pathological gait, it is necessary to understand the normal gait. During walk, various parameters were calculated to do analysis for providing further gait training. The aim of this study is to do the investigation and precise identification of deviation in gait pattern. Experimental study is done on thirty-one test subjects suffering from gait impairment. Further, data analysis on subjects is done to measure their gait parameters for usability in their walking aids. Favorable measuring parametric results were obtained and found satisfactory on comparing with standard walking system. The system is capable of determining the standard of care for the assessment and treatment of patients with balance, dizziness and mobility problems.
Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 2018
Background:There is a lack of data that could address the effects of off-the-shelf insoles on gait variables in healthy people.Methods:Thirty-three healthy volunteers ranging in age from 18 to 35 years were included to this study. Kinematic and kinetic data were obtained in barefoot, shoe-only, steel insole, silicone insole, and polyurethane insole conditions using an optoelectronic three-dimensional motion analysis system. A repeated measures analysis of variance test was used to identify statistically significant differences between insole conditions. The alpha level was set at P < .05Results:Maximum knee flexion was higher in the steel insole condition (P < .0001) compared with the silicone insole (P = .001) and shoe-only conditions (P = .032). Reduced maximum knee flexion was recorded in the polyurethane insole condition compared with the shoe-only condition (P = .031). Maximum knee flexion measured in the steel insole condition was higher compared to the barefoot conditio...
Utilization of Smart Insole Technology in Gait Analysis: Towards Potential Gait Risks
Philippine journal of physical therapy, 2022
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Validity and repeatability of inertial measurement units for measuring gait parameters
Gait & posture, 2017
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are small wearable sensors that have tremendous potential to be applied to clinical gait analysis. They allow objective evaluation of gait and movement disorders outside the clinic and research laboratory, and permit evaluation on large numbers of steps. However, repeatability and validity data of these systems are sparse for gait metrics. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and between-day repeatability of spatiotemporal metrics (gait speed, stance percent, swing percent, gait cycle time, stride length, cadence, and step duration) as measured with the APDM Opal IMUs and Mobility Lab system. We collected data on 39 healthy subjects. Subjects were tested over two days while walking on a standard treadmill, split-belt treadmill, or overground, with IMUs placed in two locations: both feet and both ankles. The spatiotemporal measurements taken with the IMU system were validated against data from an instrumented treadmill, or using st...
Sensors
With the growing interest in daily activity monitoring, several insole designs have been developed to identify postures, detect activities, and count steps. However, the validity of these devices is not clearly established. The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the available information on the criterion validity of instrumented insoles in detecting postures activities and steps. The literature search through six databases led to 33 articles that met inclusion criteria. These studies evaluated 17 different insole models and involved 290 participants from 16 to 75 years old. Criterion validity was assessed using six statistical indicators. For posture and activity recognition, accuracy varied from 75.0% to 100%, precision from 65.8% to 100%, specificity from 98.1% to 100%, sensitivity from 73.0% to 100%, and identification rate from 66.2% to 100%. For step counting, accuracies were very high (94.8% to 100%). Across studies, different postures and activities were assessed...
Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2016
Gait analysis serves as an important tool for clinicians and other health professionals to assess gait patterns related to functional limitations due to neurological or orthopedic conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of a body-worn inertial sensor system (RehaGait®) for measuring spatiotemporal gait characteristics compared to a stationary treadmill (Zebris) and the reliability of both systems at different walking speeds and slopes. Gait analysis was performed during treadmill walking at different speeds (habitual walking speed (normal speed); 15 % above normal walking speed; 15 % below normal walking speed) and slopes (0 % slope; 15 % slope) in 22 healthy participants twice 1 week apart. Walking speed, stride length, cadence and stride time were computed from the inertial sensor system and the stationary treadmill and compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. Effect sizes of differences between systems were assessed using Cohen's d, and ...
Reliability and accuracy of spatial–temporal gait parameters measured by the WalkinSense®
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 2016
The WalkinSense® is a relatively new device designed to monitor walking exercise. The purpose here was to assess its reliability and accuracy when analysing spatial–temporal gait parameters. Forty-two young adults performed 3 × 400 m walking at moderate intensity on a 400-m standard track, using both the WalkinSense and a pedometer. The between-trial reliability was excellent for all variables, with intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.90 to 0.98. The absolute and percentage differences between the WalkinSense and the track length were (mean ± standard deviation) −36.7 ± 45.0 m (95% confidence interval: −44.6, 28.6) and 9.2 ± 11.3% (95% confidence interval: −11.2, 7.2), respectively. The absolute and percentage differences between the WalkinSense and the pedometer for number of strides were 0.7 ± 10.5 strides (95% confidence interval: −1.2, 2.6) and 0.1 ± 4.0% (95% confidence interval: −0.7, 0.8), respectively. The WalkinSense system showed excellent reliability ...
Accuracy and Repeatability of the Gait Analysis by the WalkinSense System
BioMed Research International, 2014
WalkinSense is a new device designed to monitor walking. The aim of this study was to measure the accuracy and repeatability of the gait analysis performed by the WalkinSense system. Descriptions of values recorded by WalkinSense depicting typical gait in adults are also presented. A bench experiment using the Trublu calibration device was conducted to statically test the WalkinSense. Following this, a dynamic test was carried out overlapping the WalkinSense and the Pedar insoles in 40 healthy participants during walking. Pressure peak, pressure peak time, pressure-time integral, and mean pressure at eight-foot regions were calculated. In the bench experiments, the repeatability (i) among the WalkinSense sensors (within), (ii) between two WalkinSense devices, and (iii) between the WalkinSense and the Trublu devices was excellent. In the dynamic tests, the repeatability of the WalkinSense (i) between stances in the same trial (within-trial) and (ii) between trials was also excellent (ICC > 0.90). When the eight-foot regions were analyzed separately, the within-trial and between-trials repeatability was good-to-excellent in 88% (ICC > 0.80) of the data and fair in 11%. In short, the data suggest that the WalkinSense has good-to-excellent levels of accuracy and repeatability for plantar pressure variables.
A multi-sensor wearable system for the assessment of diseased gait in real-world conditions
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
Introduction: Accurately assessing people’s gait, especially in real-world conditions and in case of impaired mobility, is still a challenge due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors resulting in gait complexity. To improve the estimation of gait-related digital mobility outcomes (DMOs) in real-world scenarios, this study presents a wearable multi-sensor system (INDIP), integrating complementary sensing approaches (two plantar pressure insoles, three inertial units and two distance sensors).Methods: The INDIP technical validity was assessed against stereophotogrammetry during a laboratory experimental protocol comprising structured tests (including continuous curvilinear and rectilinear walking and steps) and a simulation of daily-life activities (including intermittent gait and short walking bouts). To evaluate its performance on various gait patterns, data were collected on 128 participants from seven cohorts: healthy young and older adults, patients with Parkinson’s disease, multipl...