The gender dimension of globalisation : A review of the literature with a focus on Latin America and the Caribbean (original) (raw)
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The gender dimension of economic globalization: an annotated bibliography
2003
This publication contains a bibliography of resources on the theme of gender and economic globalisation, with a focus on Latin American and Caribbean information sources. Issues highlighted include the impacts of trade and financial liberalisation of markets on women's well-being and status through changes in paid and unpaid work. The bibliography includes i) a description of research themes and needs; ii) an annotated selection of 350 literature resources with thematic, chronological and geographical categorisations; and iii) a list of internet sites and researchers.
The great equalizer?: Globalization effects on gender equality in Latin America and the Caribbean
Mpra Paper, 2006
This paper assesses the impact of 30 years of globalization on gender equity in well-being in Latin America and the Caribbean. Data indicate that while some gaps in well-being have narrowed, progress is uneven across a set of nine indicators, and in some cases, conditions have worsened. Despite the optimism of market proponents, growth is not found to be an equalizer for gender anymore than it has been shown to be by class. The results here indicate that growth exhibits a negative effect on some indicators, while growth of real government expenditures, female share of the labor force, and structural change variables exert a positive effect. JEL Codes: I31 General welfare; Basic needs; Quality of life 011 Macroeconomic analyses of economic development J16 Economics of gender
Third World Thematics: A TWQ Journal, 2019
This paper analyses the impact of economic globalization on gender differences in Latin America’s labour market. It does so through the use of statistical estimations and specialized literature reviews that focus on five Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile, El Salvador, Mexico, and Nicaragua. We find that globalization did affect women's participation in the labour force. Although liberalization and globalization have been shown to reduce gender gaps in employment and economic participation, we find no evidence that Latin American women benefitted from the effects brought on by global, economic changes in the same proportion as men.
Gender and globalization: a macroeconomic perspective
Technical background paper for the Final …, 2004
The Technical Secretariat to support the World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization first prepared a synthesis of ILO activities on the Social Dimension of Globalization (published as Working Paper No. 1 in this series). Documentation on the work and outcomes of other major commissions, an ideas bank, a database and knowledge networks of experts and social actors were subsequently developed. These networks have dealt with several topics, including: inclusion at the national level for the benefits of globalization to reach more people; local markets and policies; cross-border networks of production to promote decent work, growth and development; international migration as part of the Global Policy Agenda; international governance (including trade and finance); the relationship between culture and globalization; and values and goals in globalization. Gender and employment aspects were addressed throughout this work. The Reports on the Secretariat's Knowledge Network Meetings are available on the Commission's web site or in a special publication from the ILO (ISBN 92-2-115711-1). During the course of these activities, a number of substantive background papers were prepared, which are now made available for wider circulation in the Policy Integration Department's Working Paper series (Nos. 16 to 38), as well as on the Commission's website. Prof. Çağatai and Prof. Ertürk of the University of Utah, provide in this paper an overview of current knowledge of the complex relationship between gender inequalities and the economic liberalization policies that underpin globalization processes. They also discuss a range of economic policy proposals and initiatives, including at the macroeconomic level, which aim to promote gender equity in the context of the world economy. The paper often reveals a contradictory process: The world economy has produced neither sustained growth rates, nor significant poverty reduction over the past two decades. Just as growth does not automatically trickle down to poor households, nor do income increases in poor households automatically trickle down to women and girls. The State, through its macroeconomic policies, can play an important role in ameliorating these inequalities. The effects of globalization have been gender-differentiated because of the differences between men and women in terms of access to and control over assets and economic resources. In addition there have been differences across different segments of women. While some women have gained in terms of employment, others, who are less skilled or who have little control over assets, have lost their livelihoods as a result of import competition. Many countries and governments in the South lack the resources and mechanisms to protect those who have lost livelihoods in the context of globalization. The authors argue that gender mainstreaming in these spheres of policy-making can only be undertaken meaningfully if there is a shift in the current policy stance towards peoplecentred policies, a break from the mentality of trickle down economics and recognition of the significance of progressive redistributive policies at the national and international levels, including gender-wise redistributive policies.
Economic globalization is a process tending towards neoliberal economic policy reforms (such as deregulation and privatization) and increases in capital, goods, services, and workforce movement. Economic theory on globalization’s impacts on growth and wellbeing does seldom make distinctions between genders. It is frequently assumed that women will pay the cost of market liberalization by an unquestionable loss of jobs, or of high-income jobs. However, trade theory suggests that a growing international trade should benefit women, especially in developing countries. In order to determine the impacts of the globalization process on women’s quality of life, equality, and status it is first necessary to define what is understood under such terms and which variables are involved in their measurement.There seems to be some consensus in identifying the set of variables that define women’s quality of life: economic, political, and social. There are two schools of thought in analyzing the eff...
Beyond Barriers: The Gender Implications of Trade Liberalization in Latin America
2010
Trade and trade policy affect both men and women as workers, producers and consumers, but affect women in particular because of their role as care providers within households and communities. This paper reviews major trends in trade liberalization in Latin America and the empirical literature on the gendered impacts of that liberalization. Empirical studies on gender impacts of trade liberalization in Latin American countries can be roughly divided into four groups. The first group focuses on the size and characteristics of female employment generated by non-traditional agro-export industries. The second focuses on the impacts of trade liberalization on female participation in urban labour markets. The third concerns studies on the informal urban sector, while the fourth addresses the impact of the liberal agenda on female smallholder or peasant production, a phenomenon associated with an increase in female headed rural households. The results of the literature review are mixed: the literature shows that a woman's bargaining power and autonomy within the household depends on her ability to generate income and access to assets. Women may gain more autonomy if they have paid work, but their working conditions are unstable, and are characterized by lack of job security and work related benefits.
The article reviews current literature about the effects and challenges of globalization on the lives of women worldwide. While, on the one hand, globalization has increased opportunities for women, on the other hand its capacity to significantly reduce gender inequalities remains unmet. Moreover, globalization affects women differently in different parts of the world and some women (poor/marginalized women in affluent nations; women of the Global South) are more vulnerable than others. The paper further reflects on how global feminism is discussing globalization and addressing the challenges associated with its multi-dimensional nature, and on the role of transnational feminist movements in advancing women's rights and gender equality issues beyond the nation-state.
The Gender of Globalization Introduction
gender of globalization has been obscured by " neutral " analytical lenses that overlook the powerful incongruity between women's key roles in the global labor force and their social and economic marginalization, as well as their persistent efforts to navigate the processes that produce this incongruity. Our main concern in this volume is to understand, via the lenses of gender and cultural analysis, the ways in which women participate in, become drawn and incorporated into, are affected by, and negotiate their encounters with contemporary forms of global economic restructuring commonly referred to as globalization. We bring together ethnographic case studies from diverse locations in the global South and the global North, analyzing economic globalization as a gendered process. Our purpose is to move beyond the naturalization of gender in our analysis of globalization; 1 we illustrate how local and global constructions of gender are employed in the operations of transn...
Underdeveloping the Disadvantaged: The Dilemma of Globalization on Women in a Developing Country
Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 2019
Globalization in its meanings and focus is a phenomenon with anticipated promises and possibilities whose impact can be highly felt and appreciated in the face of gender equality. Achieving such may remain an insurmountable brick wall in a developing country like Nigeria. This is especially so when we consider the disadvantage women experience due to the patriarchal nature of the Nigerian system, high level of poverty, increased marginalization and segregation, invisibility and experienced limitations and difficulty in participating and succeeding in power relations, participation in unpaid and less paid jobs (coupled with the devaluation of the Nigerian currency), inability to move and grow in their career pursuit at the same pace with men due to reproductive health issues, socialization of children, women's "seemingly" unappreciated loss of identity to the men (through marriage) and the general orientation that women are meant to be at the "background". Conceptualizing globalization from Anderson's view point and hinged on the theory of feminism, this paper addresses the effect of these disadvantages on women's lives and opportunities in the Nigerian society at a critical point as this when the country is undergoing economic recession. It concludes that women are more likely to experience underdevelopment despite the possibilities and promises of globalization. It recommends a holistic approach which will involve revisiting some policies, passing some bills, educating, enlightening, re-orientating the necessary stake holders as well as empowering women and re-enforcing gender mainstreaming in all facets of the society in order to reduce the effect of these experiences on their development in the Nigerian society.
Re-gendering globalization: Overcoming the phenomenon of gendering globalization
Journal of Economic & Financial Studies, 2015
Globalization is a buzzword today encompassing every sphere of modern life denoting integration of economies under free trade, privatization and liberalization. Unlike many other theories, globalization has its merits along with its demerits especially for intensifying discrimination against different groups. In this regard, in a world irrespective of society and culture where a major portion of women posits a vulnerable and less-benefited role in every sphere of life, it is essential to inquire into the globalization process with a gender perspective. This process could be termed as 'Gendering Globalization', where different implications of globalization, whether positive, negative, or neutral would be critically examined in reference to different literature, research and compiled data theoretically. Following this methodology, this study endeavors to find out the effects and more importantly the process of globalization of gender. Finally, it gives some recommendations to relate growth, gender and globalization in a purpose of 'Re-Gendering Globalization' as a development goal.