Breast cancer in relationship with dietary antioxidant: possible nutritional and biochemical mechanisms of action: Review study (original) (raw)
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Antioxidants as Chemopreventive Agents for Breast Cancer
1998
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Role of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Prevention, Formation and Treatment of Cancer
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Living Cells, 2018
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) played an important role in cancer. Although low levels of ROS can be beneficial in normal physiological functions, chronic exposure to ROS is associated with increased risk of cancers. Increased ROS levels can also induce apoptosis and cell death in various types of cancer. Taken together, the role of ROS in cancer prevention, formation and therapy is extremely complex and very challenging to study. Although the antioxidant activity of phytochemicals is well recognized and generally used to prevent cancer, they can have pro-oxidant and ROS generating activities under certain conditions, especially at high doses or in the presence of metal ions. The basal redox levels of cancer cells are also different from those of normal cells. Therefore, higher levels of free form of metal ions and higher levels of endogenous ROS production in cancer cells sensitizes them to phytochemicals mediated pro-oxidant cytotoxicity. In conclusion, people tend to intake of antioxidant phytochemicals for the detrimental effects of ROS. However, excessive intake of phytochemicals could have cancer development or therapeutic potential by generating ROS. In this section, the role of phytochemicals in the prevention, development and removal of cancer has been discussed.
Potential Role of Natural Antioxidant Products in Oncological Diseases
Antioxidants
Nutrition has a significant effect and a crucial role in disease prevention. Low consumption of fruit and vegetables and a sedentary lifestyle are closely related with the onset and development of many types of cancer. Recently, nutraceuticals have gained much attention in cancer research due to their pleiotropic effects and relatively non-toxic behavior. In fact, although in the past there have been conflicting results on the role of some antioxidant compounds as allies against cancer, numerous recent clinical studies highlight the efficacy of dietary phytochemicals in the prevention and treatment of cancer. However, further investigation is necessary to gain a deeper understanding of the potential anticancer capacities of dietary phytochemicals as well as the mechanisms of their action. Therefore, this review examined the current literature on the key properties of the bioactive components present in the diet, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, and antioxidant compounds, as well as...
Antioxidants - Benefits, Sources, Mechanisms of Action, 2021
Breast cancer remains one of the most frequent cancers affecting women globally. The incidence of breast cancer is rising due to improved screening and awareness, and there is epidemiological data signifying an interaction among environmental and biological risk factors in the development and progress of breast cancer. There is substantial experimental data of the protective effect of micronutrient antioxidants for breast cancer via alteration of many signaling pathways and molecular events including inducing apoptosis, and inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion. The main focus of this review is to examine past and current epidemiological evidence that suggests that nutritional micronutrients with antioxidant properties in dietary or supplemental form may be beneficial in protecting women against breast cancer and affect outcomes.
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Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases - A Role for Antioxidants, 2013
Recently, researches on medicinal plants has drawn global attention; large bodies of evidence have accumulated to demonstrate the promising potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional, complementary, and alternate treatment systems of human diseases. The plants are rich in a wide variety of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, etc., which have been screened in vivo and in vitro and have indicated antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties and which are used to developed drugs or dietary supplements. Evidence suggests that the plant kingdom is considered a good candidate for chemoprevention and cancer therapy due to the high concentration and wide variety of antioxidants such as resveratrol, genestein, beicalein, vitamin A, vitamin C, polyphenols, (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-gallate, flavonoids, polyphenols, gallic acid, glycosides, verbascoside, calceorioside, epicatechin, quercetin, curcumin, lovastatin, and many other types of compounds with the capability to inhibit the cell proliferation of different cancer cells in vitro and in vitro, such as colon cancer (HT-29, SW48, HCT116), breast (MCF7, MDA), cervix (HeLa, SiHa, Ca-Ski, C33-A), liver (Hep G2), skin (A 431), fibroblasts (3T3 SV40), and many other malignant cells; studies have indicated that antioxidants can be employed efficiently as chemopreventives and as effective inhibitors of cell proliferation, promoting cell apoptosis, and increasing detoxification enzymes, and inhibiting gene expression and scavenger Reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, many researchers are working with different types of natural antioxidants with the aim of finding those with the greatest capacity to inhibit the development of cancer both in vitro as well as in vivo, because these compounds have exhibited high potential for use not only in the treatment of this disease, but they also act as good chemoprotective agents. 2. Antioxidants The production of ROS during metabolism is an inevitable phenomenon associated with the process of aerobic metabolism; on the other hand, we are exposed at all times to several exogenous sources of oxidant molecules, for example, environmental and pollutant factors and many dietary compounds, which increase their levels. ROS participate in different cellular processes; their intracellular levels are relatively low. However, because ROS are highly toxic when their concentration increases, the phenomenon denominated Oxidative stress (OS) is produced [123], which can injure various cellular biomolecules, causing serious damage to tissues and organs and resulting in chronic diseases [24]. Oxidative damage can be prevented by antioxidants, which are present within the cell at low concentrations compared with oxidant molecules [141, 50]. Antioxidants are capable of donating electrons to stabilize ROS and to inhibit their detrimental effects, including both endogenous (synthesized by the body itself) and exogenous molecules (those from external sources to the body) [141]. Endogenous antioxidants include Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation reaction of superoxide (O2•-) into hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), which is in turn transformed into oxygen and water for the Catalase (CT), and in addition Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) can catalyze its reduction; however, if in the presence of transition metals such as iron, H 2 O 2 , by means of the Fenton Oxidative Stress and Chronic Degenerative Diseases-A Role for Antioxidants 392
VI International Postharvest Symposium, 2010
Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases. They are rich in several antioxidant phytochemicals such as carotenoids and phenolic compounds that could be responsible for the health benefits. We studied the antineoplastic properties of some fruits and vegetables using in vivo and in vitro models. First, we studied the effect of 'Ataulfo' mango consumption on chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis and plasma antioxidant capacity (AC) in rats treated with the carcinogen N-methyl-Nnitrosourea (MNU). Mango was administered in the drinking water (0.02-0.06 g/ml) during both short-term and long-term periods to rats, and plasma antioxidant capacity was measured by ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) and total oxyradical scavenging capacity assays. Mango consumption did not have an effect on mammary carcinogenesis (incidence, latency and number of tumors), nor on plasma AC of rats treated with MNU. Second, we screened using methylthiazolydiphenyltetrazolium bromide assay the antiproliferative activity of aqueous extracts of avocado, black sapote, guava, mango, cactus cladodes (cooked and raw), papaya, pineapple, four different prickly pear fruit, grapes and tomato, on the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. β-carotene, gallic acid, total phenolic contents and AC were analyzed in each aqueous extract. In vitro study showed that only the papaya extract had a significant antiproliferative effect and we did not notice a relationship between total phenolic content and AC with antiproliferative effect. These results suggested that each plant food has a unique combination in quantity and quality of phytochemicals which could determine its biological activity.
Oxidative Stress and Carcinogenesis: Potential of Phytochemicals in Breast Cancer Therapy
Nutrition and Cancer, 2017
Despite intensive research in the field of breast cancer, the disease remains a burden in both developed and developing countries, despite the use of chemotherapy and other synthetic drugs. Reactive oxygen species mediated oxidative stress is known to play a role in breast cancer pathogenesis via genetic and epigenetic modifications, resulting in uncontrolled cell proliferation. Phytochemicals could provide leads for the development of alternative therapeutic agents due to their antioxidant activity, as well as apoptosis inducing effect on cancer cells. The MCF-7 cell line, an ER-positive cell line, has been used to provide insights into the potential of phytochemicals as anti-cancer agents. However, most of such in vitro studies do not continue with further studies in ER-positive in vivo breast cancer models, or fail to examine the possible biochemical mechanisms of phytochemical based amelioration. This review examines oxidative stress mediated carcinogenesis and the potential of phytochemicals as anti-cancer agents.
Anti-breast cancer effects of phytochemicals: primary, secondary, and tertiary care
EPMA Journal
Breast cancer incidence is actually the highest one among all cancers. Overall breast cancer management is associated with challenges considering risk assessment and predictive diagnostics, targeted prevention of metastatic disease, appropriate treatment options, and cost-effectiveness of approaches applied. Accumulated research evidence indicates promising anti-cancer effects of phytochemicals protecting cells against malignant transformation, inhibiting carcinogenesis and metastatic spread, supporting immune system and increasing effectiveness of conventional anti-cancer therapies, among others. Molecular and sub-/cellular mechanisms are highly complex affecting several pathways considered potent targets for advanced diagnostics and cost-effective treatments. Demonstrated anti-cancer affects, therefore, are clinically relevant for improving individual outcomes and might be applicable to the primary (protection against initial cancer development), secondary (protection against pote...
Dietary turmeric potentially reduces the risk of cancer
Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP, 2011
Turmeric, a plant rhizome that is often dried, ground and used as a cooking spice, has also been used medicinally for several thousand years. Curcumin, the phytochemical that gives turmeric its golden color, is responsible for most of the therapeutic effects of turmeric. In recent years curcumin has been studied for its effects on chronic diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's, and cancer. Though many researchers are investigating turmeric/curcumin in cancer therapy, there is little epidemiologic information on the effects of turmeric consumption. With limited availability of pharmacologic interventions in many areas of the world, use of turmeric in the diet may help to alleviate some of the disease burden through prevention. Here we provide a brief overview of turmeric consumption in different parts of the world, cancer rates in those regions, possible biochemical mechanisms by which turmeric acts and practical recommendations based on the information available.
Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research, 2019
Context: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers that causes substantial numbers of deaths among women, worldwide. Medicinal plants can be used for discovering new anti-breast cancer drugs. Aim: To investigate the antioxidant effects of twenty Iranian herbs and their anticancer effects against breast cancer cell lines (i.e. MDA-MB231 and MCF-7) compared with a non-cancerous human cell line (HDF). Methods: In this study, the plant samples were collected from different regions of Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari province in Iran and their hydroalcoholic (ethanol: water; 70:30) extracts prepared by maceration method. Antioxidant activity was investigated by DPPH with reference to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Anticancer effects were investigated by MTT colorimetric assay. Results: Most of the plants examined in this study had higher antioxidant activity than that of BHT. Satureja bachtiarica (37.27 ± 1.56 µg/mL), Plantago lanceolata (43.19 ± 4.67 µg/mL), Parietaria judaica (45.34 ± 8.08 µg/mL), Stachys inflata (53.70 ± 1.80 µg/mL), and Euphorbia szovitsii (55.78 ± 1.37 µg/mL) inhibited the DPPH free radicals in the lower concentration compared to BHT (120.48 ± 1.42 µg/mL) and other plants. MTT assay showed that the lowest IC50s values were observed for E. microsciadia and E. szovitsii among the examined plants on both breast cancer cell lines. There was no significant relationship between anticancer effects and antioxidant activity of the plants (p>0.05). Conclusions: The examined plants might be considered as valuable resources of natural compounds that may possess anti-breast cancer properties.