A comparative study of location aided routing protocols for MANET (original) (raw)

Improving MANET Routing Protocols Through the Use of Geographical Information

International Journal of Wireless & Mobile Networks, 2013

This paper provides a summary of our research study of the location-aided routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANET). This study focuses on the issue of using geographical location information to reduce the control traffic overhead associated with the route discovery process of the ad-hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. AODV performs route discovery by flooding the whole network with the route request packets. This results in unnecessarily large number of control packets traveling through the network. In this paper, we introduced a new Geographical AODV (GeoAODV) protocol that relies on location information to reduce the flooding area to a portion of the network that is likely contains a path to destination. Furthermore, we also compared GeoAODV performance with that of the Location Aided Routing (LAR) protocol and examined four mechanisms for reducing the size of the flooding area: LAR zone, LAR distance, GeoAODV static, and GeoAODV rotate. We employed OPNET Modeler version 16.0 software to implement these mechanisms and to compare their performance through simulation. Collected results suggest that location-aided routing can significantly reduce the control traffic overhead during the route discovery process. The comparison study revealed that the LAR zone protocol consistently generates fewer control packets than other location-aided mechanisms. However, LAR zone relies on the assumption that location information and traveling velocities of all the nodes are readily available throughout the network, which in many network environments is unrealistic. At the same time, the GeoAODV protocols make no such assumption and dynamically distribute location information during route discovery. Furthermore, the collected results showed that the performance of the GeoAODV rotate protocol was only slightly worse than that of LAR zone. We believe that even though GeoAODV rotate does not reduce the control traffic overhead by as much as LAR zone, it can become a preferred mechanism for route discovery in MANET.

A Comparative Study of Proactive and Reactive Geographical Routing Protocols for MANET

2013

In the world of mobile wireless communication, it has become more and more important to establish networks that are not only capable of delivering information across vast distances but can also perform this task efficiently. Many routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) rely on additional information such as geographical locations obtained via GPS to improve the overall performance of the route discovery process. This paper is an extension of our previous study of location-aided MANET routing protocols. In this paper we continue our research endeavors by comparing the performance of several AODV-based reactive, location-aided MANET routing protocols and Geographical Routing Protocol (GRP), an OPNET implementation of a proactive, geographical location-based routing protocol for MANET. Keywords—location-aided routing; geographical routing; LAR;

GPS-based Route Discovery Algorithms for On-demand Routing Protocols in MANETs

This papers presents new Global Positioning System (GPS)based route discovery algorithms for on-demand routing in MANETs, called Position-based Selective Flooding (PSF). We applied our route discovery algorithm to our previous routing protocol, which is called Location-based Point-to-point Adaptive routing (LPAR) protocol and investigated its performance by simulation. Simulation results show that our position based flooding algorithm produce fewer routing overheads than the pure flooding, expanding ring search (used in AODV), LAR1 and our existing LPAR strategy, as network traffic and density is increased. Furthermore, we propose a number of improvements and variations which can be used instead of, or to further improve the performance of PSF under different network conditions.

IJERT-A Novel Approach for Improving the Performance of Geographic Routing in MANET using OGRP

International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology (IJERT), 2014

https://www.ijert.org/a-novel-approach-for-improving-the-performance-of-geographic-routing-in-manet-using-ogrp https://www.ijert.org/research/a-novel-approach-for-improving-the-performance-of-geographic-routing-in-manet-using-ogrp-IJERTV3IS081054.pdf In geographic routing, for making effectual forwarding decision, nodes require retaining up-to-date position of their immediate neighbors. A common approach used by most geographic routing protocols to retain their neighbor position is periodic broadcasting of beacon packets. These beacon packets include the geographic location of the nodes. It can be found that periodic beaconing in geographic routing increases the routing overhead and also reduces the network throughput. Another problem found is that a large transmission range and too small transmission range also reduces the performance. So a novel approach is proposed to solve these problems, which includes the Optimum Transmission Range and Adaptive Position Update (APU). Optimum transmission range finds an optimum radio transmission range for every node in the network, by using the single transmission distance energy efficiency. APU includes two rules, first one reduces the beacon overhead due to periodic beaconing and the second one allows the nodes that are involved in data forwarding to improve their local topology. The theoretical examinations are validated by using NS2 simulations of a geographic routing protocol, On-Demand Geographic Routing Protocol (OGRP), shows that APU with optimum transmission range can considerably reduce the routing overhead and improves the network performance and packet delivery ratio.

LPAR: an adaptive routing strategy for MANETs

This paper presents a new global positioning system (GPS)-based routing protocol, called location-based point-to-point adaptive routing (LPAR) for mobile ad hoc networks. This protocol utilises a 3-state route discovery strategy in a point-to-point manner to reduce routing overhead while maximising throughput in medium to large mobile ad hoc networks. In LPAR, data transmission is adaptable to changing network conditions. This is achieved by using a primary and a secondary data forwarding strategy to transfer data from the source to the destination when the condition of the route is changed during data transmission. A simulation study is performed to compare the performance of LPAR with a number of different exisiting routing algorithms. Our results indicate that LPAR produces less overhead than other simulated routing strategies, while maintains high levels of throughput.

Performance evaluation of AODV, AOMDV, GPSR, and APU in MANETS

Mobile ad-hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes, each node broadcast its updated information to all its neighbors. Nodes are dynamically self-organized to form a topology without a fixed infrastructure. The main goal of MANETs is to design of dynamic routing protocols with good performance and less overhead. With the growing popularity of GPS and, geographic routing protocols are becoming an attractive choice for use in mobile ad hoc networks. The attention of Mobile ad hoc networks is increased due to multi hop infrastructure-less transmission. In most existing routing protocols like AODV, AOMDV, GPSR and APU are susceptible to node mobility especially for large scale networks. In this paper, we compare above mentioned routing protocols and analyze the suitable algorithm for best energy consumption, less packet delay and high packet delivery fraction. The performance differentials are analyzed using NS-2 network simulator.

A Novel Approach for Improving the Performance of Geographic Routing in MANET using OGRP

International journal of engineering research and technology, 2014

− In geographic routing, for making effectual forwarding decision, nodes require retaining up-to-date position of their immediate neighbors. A common approach used by most geographic routing protocols to retain their neighbor position is periodic broadcasting of beacon packets. These beacon packets include the geographic location of the nodes. It can be found that periodic beaconing in geographic routing increases the routing overhead and also reduces the network throughput. Another problem found is that a large transmission range and too small transmission range also reduces the performance. So a novel approach is proposed to solve these problems, which includes the Optimum Transmission Range and Adaptive Position Update (APU). Optimum transmission range finds an optimum radio transmission range for every node in the network, by using the single transmission distance energy efficiency. APU includes two rules, first one reduces the beacon overhead due to periodic beaconing and the s...

Performance Analysis of Self Adaptive Geographic Routing Protocols for MANETs

2014

The Mobile ad hoc network commonly known as MANET, is a collection of mobile wireless nodes that has the capacity to self-organize dynamically without any preexisting infrastructure. Scalability and network performance are the two distinctive feature found in all MANET routing protocols .The simulation compares AODV with Self Adaptive on Demand Geographic Routing Protocol(SOGR) implemented through NS2.With the help of performance metrics such as throughput ,Packet drop rate ,Control Overhead , Average delay ,Cost factor , latency it is shown that SOGR-HR and SOGR-VR gives better performance than AODV. The simulation results demonstrate that SOGR-HR and SOGR-VR deliver high robustness in MANETs. These protocols can efficiently handle different dynamic scenarios and they offer high performance when compared to their existing geographic routing protocols under various environments. This paper presents an overall performance comparison on the basis of throughput ,Packet Delivery Ratio, Cost Factor and Average end-to-end delay considering different number of nodes and their mobility.