Effect of cyclosporine-A on orthodontic tooth movement in rats (original) (raw)

Orthodontic tooth movement in the prednisolone-treated rat

The Angle Orthodontist, 2000

Adverse effects of corticosteroids on bone metabolism raise concerns as to whether steroid treatment may influence orthodontic movement. This study examined the effect of prednisolone on orthodontic movement using an established rat model. The corticosteroid treated group (N ϭ 6) was administered prednisolone (1 mg/kg) daily, for a 12-day induction period; the control group (N ϭ 6) received equivalent volumes of saline. On day 12, an orthodontic appliance was placed which exerted 30 g of mesial force to the maxillary first molar. Animals were sacrificed on day 24 and tooth movement was measured. Sagittal sections of the molars were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, and for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. While there were no significant differences in the magnitude of tooth movement between the 2 groups, steroid-treated rats displayed significantly less root resorption on the compression side and fewer TRAP-positive cells within the PDL space on the same side. This suggests steroid treatment suppressed clastic activity. (Angle Orthod 2000;70:118-125.)

The effect of azathioprine on orthodontic tooth movement

Egyptian Orthodontic Journal, 2005

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Azathioprine (Imuran) on orthodontic tooth movement. The study was conducted on thirty male white Newzeland rabbits. Orthodontic appliance was fixed to each rabbit to apply mesial force on the left maxillary first molar. The rabbits were then divided into two equal groups (Imuran and control groups). In the Imuran group each animal was given a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg/BW of Azathioprine (Imuran, Glaxo Wellcome, Dartfod, England) in 1 ml solvent (0.01 M NaOH in 0.9%NaCl). Each animal of the control group was given 1 ml of the solvent as a placebo. Both groups were subdivided into three equal subgroups according to the time of evaluation; one day, one week and two weeks. At the predetermined time the maxilla was dissected. The distances of orthodontic tooth mevments were measured. Histological sections parallel to the long axis of the left maxilary first molar were prepared. The sections were stained either by H&E or PAS stains. The changes in the surrounding alveolar bone were monitored. The number and activity of osteoclasts were evaluated. The results revealed that there was no significant defference between the tooth movements occured in the Imuran and control subgroups after one day (P < 0.05). After one and two weeks, the tooth movements were significantly higher in the control subgroups than the Imuran subgroups (P > 0.05). The histological findings showed no difference in the number and activity of osteoclasts in the pressure sides in both control and Imuran subgroups after one day (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the number and actvity

Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in GCF during Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Journal of dentistry (Shīrāz, Iran), 2015

The present constituents of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can reflect the changes occurring in underlying tissues. Considering variety of biologic bone markers, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase have been examined as bone turn over markers in orthodontic tooth movement. The current study designed in a longitudinal pattern to determine the changes of acid and alkaline phosphatase (ACP & ALP) in GCF during orthodontic tooth movement. An upper canines from twelve patients (mean age: 14±2 years) undergoing extraction orthodontic treatment for distal movement served as the test tooth (DC), and its contralateral (CC) and antagonist (AC) canines were used as controls. The CC was included in orthodontic appliance without orthodontic force; the AC was free from any orthodontic appliance. The GCF around the experimental teeth was harvested from mesial and distal tooth sites immediately before appliance placement (T0), and 14 (T2) and 28 days (T3) after it and ALP and ACP concentrati...

Alkaline phosphatase expression during relapse after orthodontic tooth movement

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi), 2014

Background: The increasing of osteoblast activities during bone formation will be accompanied with the increasing expression of alkaline phosphatase enzyme (ALP). ALP can be obtained from clear fluid excreted by gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Bone turnover, especially bone formation process, can be monitored through the expression of ALP secreted by GCF during orthodontic treatment. Thus, retention period is an important period that can be monitored through the level of bone metabolism around teeth. Purpose: This research were aimed to determine the relation of distance change caused by tooth relapse and ALP activities in gingival crevicular fluid after orthodontic; and to determine ALP as a potential biomarker of bone formation during retention period. Methods: Lower incisors of 25 guinea pigs were moved 3 mm to the distally by using open coil spring. Those relapse distance were measured and the gingival crevicular fluid was taken by using paper points to evaluate ALP levels on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 respectivelly by using a spectrophotometer (405 nm). t-test and ANOVA test were conducted to determine the difference of ALP activities among the time intervals. The correlation regression analysis was conducted to determine the relation of distance change caused by the relapse tooth movement and ALP activities. results: The greatest relapse movement was occurred on day 3 after open coil spring was removed. There was significant difference of the average of distance decrease among groups A1-A5 (p<0.05). It was also known that ALP level was increased on day 3, but there was no significant difference of the average level of ALP among groups A1-A5 (p>0.05). Finally, based on the results of correlation analysis between the ALP level decreasing and the relapse distance on both right and left of mesial and distal sides, it is known that there was no relation between those two variables (p>0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that relapse after orthodontic tooth movement occurs rapidly as the teeth are free from orthodontic force. ALP level can be detected through gingival crevicular fluid during relapse by using a spectrophotometer.

Acid Phosphatase Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluid During Human Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate whether acid phosphatase level changes in Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) could be used to monitor bone turnover changes during human orthodontic tooth movement. Seven patients (2 males and 5 females; mean age, 23 years) were selected. Pre-Adjusted Edgewise Appliance (MBT 0.022 X 0.028-inch slot) was strapped up and aligning and leveling was completed prior to distalization of maxillary canines. The contralateral canine (CC) was not subjected to distal force and was used as the control tooth whereas the maxillary canine on the right side was used as the experimental tooth and was considered to be the distalized canine (DC). From the mesial and distal tooth sites of the DC and the CC, one µL of GCF was harvested with a (Hirschmann R microcapillary pipette, Sigma Aldrich R), before appliance activation, 1 hour after, and every week thereafter for a period of 28 days. The results were expressed as total ACP activity (U/L) determined spectrophotometrically at 30 0 C at 405 nm. One way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Independent Samples t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test was done for comparison of enzyme activity among the predetermined intervals and the SPSS computer program version 21 was used to carry out the statistical evaluation. The ACP activity in GCF was elevated in DC as compared with CC in the first week (3.964+0.940 U/ L) and third week (6.643+0.802 U/L), confirming the fact that the enzyme activity in DCs was greater than in the CCs, more so in the distal (compression) than in the mesial (tension) sites. The increased ACP activity in the GCF in the distal sites of DCs reflects the biologic activity in the periodontium during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and could therefore serve to monitor bone turnover changes during OTM in clinical practice.