Family and Non-Family Businesses in Iran: Coupling among Innovation, Internationalization and Growth-Expectation (original) (raw)
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2013 Academic Journals Antecedent to development and growth of family businesses in Iran
Family firms receive scant attention in the mainstream management literature, particularly with respect to the development of theories of this firm. This neglect is unfortunate because in terms of contributions, and especially numbers, family businesses represent a dominant form of economic organization throughout the world. Although the field of family businesses has been regarded as a separate academic discipline since the 1990s in the world, in Iran, there are no particular fields of study about this discipline.
Sinergie Italian Journal of Management, 2020
Purpose of the paper: According to most previous research, family businesses tend to internationalize less than non-family businesses. However, previous research has been conducted mainly in developed countries, where strong institutions support non-family businesses more than family businesses. Conversely, in developing countries with weak institutions, family businesses may conceivably have a comparative advantage for internationalization, especially if they are innovative. This paper focuses on how innovation may mediate and moderate the effect of governance upon internationalization in the form of exporting, as this dynamic is embedded in developing societies with weak institutions. Methodology: The research method is quantitative data analysis. Our account is based on a representative sample of 4,004 family and non-family businesses in Egypt, Madagascar, Morocco, and Turkey, surveyed for the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. Findings: Analyses show that governance hardly affects innovativeness, but affects internationalization, in that exporting is especially high for family businesses in Morocco. Moreover, innovativeness boosts exporting in family business more than in non-family business. Furthermore, the comparative advantage of family businesses is larger in Morocco than in Egypt, Madagascar, and Turkey. Research limits: Although an essential feature of our research design is based on a comparative approach, rather than the typical single-country studies, we compared four similar societies in developing countries with weak institutions. Therefore, a significant limitation is that our findings concerning the internationalization of family businesses should not be generalized to all kinds of societies. Moreover, due to the small number of countries (four developing countries), it is statistically impossible to test the effects of the macro-institutional factors affecting family firms exporting. Therefore, we can only measure country contexts' overall impact without elaborating effects of specific institutional factors enhancing or hampering the internationalization process. Practical implications: The practical implication is relevant for family firms' policies to know that innovation in family firms is not a waste of investment, but innovation especially can boost exporting in family business more than in non-family firms, thereby enhancing the economic performance of family firms. Originality of the paper: These results contribute to understanding internationalization in family businesses as shaped by innovation and as embedded in society's context.
Antecedent to development and drowth of family businesses in Iran
African Journal of Business Management, 2013
Family firms receive scant attention in the mainstream management literature, particularly with respect to the development of theories of this firm. This neglect is unfortunate because in terms of contributions, and especially numbers, family businesses represent a dominant form of economic organization throughout the world. Although the field of family businesses has been regarded as a separate academic discipline since the 1990s in the world, in Iran, there are no particular fields of study about this discipline.
How do Family Firms Grow? The Strategic Goals of Innovation and Internationalization
International Journal of Business and Management
The aim of the paper is to identify the main strategic goals that are deemed as strategic by the owner/managers for the future growth of a family firm, and to assess how innovation ad internationalisation are included in such goals. By relying on 15 in-depth interviews with family firms’ key informants (i.e. family firms’ owners, managers and professionals), the study makes an original contribution that is significant and relevant both from a theoretical and a methodological perspective. In relation to the former, it provides a comprehensive review of the main family business goal setting models in order to identify the relevant categories used to classify the goals. Additionally, differently from extant research the study outlines the pivotal importance of innovation and internationalization as strategic goals for family firms’ growth. In relation to the latter, by relying on a narrative approach, the study provides a finer-grained understanding of how internation...
African Journal of Business Management, 2010
The goal of this study is to examine the effect that family factors (family relationships, family goals, family resources, family vision, family size and family tensions) have on the creation of family businesses. Data were collected from mangers/owners of 160 industrial businesses (family and non-family businesses) in oil and textile sectors of Iran based on structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed through Z-Test and Mann-Whitney test (U-Test). The results show that family relationships, family goals, family resources and family vision are affective factors, but some factors such as family size and family disagreements are not affective to creation of family businesses. On the other hand, all these factors are not affective to creation of non-family businesses. Key words: Iran, family business, business creation, family factors.
The Role of Family Firms Heterogeneity on the Internationalisation and Performance Relationship
European Journal of Family Business, 2021
Many papers have addressed the influence of different characteristics of family businesses on strategic decisions, including those of internationalisation. However, little is known about the relationship between the internationalization of family firms and firm profitability. For this reason, from the socioemotional wealth perspective, in this paper, we focus on the moderating role of some heterogeneous characteristics of family firms on the relationship between internationalisation and business performance. Specifically, we analyse a sample of 76 companies belonging to the Spanish hotel industry, one of the most internationalised sectors and with a large presence of family businesses. The results show that family involvement in ownership and management, as well as generation, moderates the relationship between internationalisation and profitability in the Spanish hotel industry.
This paper focuses on a comprehensive systematic review of international peer-reviewed journal articles in the field of family business internationalization for a period of 15 years. A total number of 103 articles were reviewed, published in 40 international journals, among which are Family Business Review, Journal of Business Venturing, Journal of International Business Studies, and etc. Our review indicates some important features of the evolution of the family business internationalization literature. First, studies become more interdisciplinary and they are dispersed in a wide range of journals. Second, internationalization of family small and medium-sized enterprises was arguably underexplored in the past, and yet studies on this topic experience a rapid growth in the new millennium (the peak is observed mostly in the last few years). Third, theories that are frequently used in the reviewed articles include international entrepreneurship; stage theory of internationalization; resources and capabilities; stewardship theory; agency theory, and etc. Fourth, reviewed articles, based on contradictory findings contribute to an on-going lively debate. In general, non-family enterprises outperform family enterprises and factors as family involvement in ownership and management are found to be rather restrictive than enabling internationalization. Yet, other factors such as external involvement in ownership and management are positively related to internationalization of family small and medium-sized enterprises.
Entrepreneurship Research Journal
Family firms (FFs) tend to display specific characteristics that differentiate them from non-family companies. In addition to the importance that FFs hold for the economic structure of many countries, their characteristics have motivated a wide range of research studies, including succession, corporate governance, and strategic management. The purpose of this study is to examine the role of resources (i.e. internationalisation networks), capabilities (i.e. employee characteristics and knowledge), and market orientation (i.e. internationalisation motivations), and how these facets influence the international performance of FFs. To this end, we administered a web-based questionnaire to a sample of 212 small and medium-sized FFs based in Portugal. In terms of the research methodology, we applied structural equation modelling (SEM) to test our hypotheses. We found that not only do resources and capabilities return a positive impact on internationalisation motivations, but also the combi...